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Music History 3 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What operas did Richard Wagner compose?

A

Tristan und Isolde and Ring Cycle: Die Walkure

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2
Q

Who was Arthur Schopenhauer?

A

German philosopher who influenced Wagners dramas. He argued that music was the one art that embodied the deepest reality of all human experience—our emotions and drives—and could, therefore, give immediate expression to these universal feelings and impulses in concrete, definite form without the intervention of words. Words and ideas were the product of reason, which governed only “Appearance,” whereas emotions resided in the “Will,” which he deemed the dominant and ultimate reality

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3
Q

Who was Giuseppe Verdi?

A

Italian opera composer who became a central figure in Italian opera

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4
Q

What operas did Verdi compose?

A

La Traviata and Otello

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5
Q

Who was Arrigo Boito?

A

poet and composer who worked with Verdi

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6
Q

Who was Giacomo Puccini?

A

One of the most successful Italian composer after Verdi. He was interested in realism and set his operas in a place and time that inspired him

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7
Q

What opera did Puccini compose?

A

Madama Butterfly

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8
Q

Who was Pietro Mascagni?

A

Italian composer known for his operas. His opera one-act Cavalleria Rusticana jump started the verismo movement

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9
Q

Who was Modest Mussorgsky?

A

Russian composer.

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10
Q

Who was Nikolai Rimsy-Korsakov?

A

Russian composer and apart of The Mighty five

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11
Q

Who was Anton Rubenstein?

A

virtuoso pianist and prolific composer, who founded the St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1862 with a program of training on the Western model.

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12
Q

Who were the “Mighty Five”?

A

Russian composers Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, César Cui and Mily Balakirev who went against the professionalism at conservatories. They incorporated aspects of Russian folk song, modal and exotic scales, and folk polyphony, but they also extended traits from the western European composers they most admired.

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13
Q

Who was Alexander Pushkin?

A

Russian poet. Tchaikovsky based his two most important operas on his novels, Eugene Onegin (1879) and The Queen of Spades (1890).

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14
Q

Who was Gilbert and Sullivan?

A

Born in london. Gilbert was a dramatist and Sullivan was a composer. They created theatrical works together. They created the opera Pirates of Penzance

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15
Q

Who was Hans von Bulow?

A

German conductor who conducted the premieres of Wagners works Tristan und Isolde and Die Meistersinger (The Mastersingers). The prototype of the virtuoso conductor

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16
Q

Who was Johannes Brahms?

A

German composer and pianist. Well versed in the music of the past both german and non-german. Mainly composed absolute music

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17
Q

Who was Anton Bruckner?

A

Austrian organist and composer. He admired Wagner’s style and tried to implement it into traditional symphony and church music. He was heavily influenced by Beethoven’s ninth symphony

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18
Q

Who was John Phillip Sousa?

A

American composer and conductor known primarily for his military marches. Composer of “The Stars and Stripes forever”.

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19
Q

Who was Gustav Mahler?

A

Jewish (converted to lutherism) Austro-German conductor and composer who really admired Brahms but was a avid Wagnerian. He made most of his money conducting and would write mainly in the summer between busy seasons of conducting.

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20
Q

Who was Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky?

A

Russian composer of the 19th century who had a successful professional career and traveled throughout Europe as conductor

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21
Q

Who was Amy Beach and what symphony did she composes?

A

Boston child prodigy, pianist and composer. Gealic symphony op. 32

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22
Q

Who was Richard Strauss?

A

Dominant figure in German musical life most of his career. Very famous conductor. As a composer he is most known for his tone poems/ symphonic poems

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23
Q

Who was Friedrich Nietzsche?

A

Poet and philosopher. Wrote Thus spoke Zoroaster which Strauss used for his tone poems

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24
Q

What is lyric opera?

A

French romantic opera that has is in the middle of opera comique and grand opera

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25
Q

What is Theatre Lyrique?

A

One of 4 opera companies performing in Paris

26
Q

What is opera bouffe?

A

a French comic opera, with dialogue in recitative and characters drawn from everyday life. Light hearted and satire

27
Q

What is Opera Comique?

A

In the eighteenth century, light French comic opera, which used spoken dialogue instead of recitatives. (2) In nineteenth-century France, opera with spoken dialogue, whether comic or tragic.

28
Q

What is Operetta?

A

19th century kind of light opera with spoken dialogue. Extremely popular and put aside the idea of nationalism. Much more focused on entertainment. Parody is common.

29
Q

Define: Gesamkunstwerk

A

Term invented by Wagner which means “total artwork” in German. Wagner felt that operas at the time lacked oneness and were just a performance of all the art styles. The term is the idea of all the artistic forms working together to achieve one idea.

30
Q

Define: Leitmotif

A

A theme that is assigned to a certain person, thing or concept that returns throughout an opera in either its original form or a variation

31
Q

Define: Unendliche melodie

A

Moving ways from the periodic style melodies to an unending melody that follows the speech pattern in a melodic form (used by Wagner)

32
Q

What is Bayreuth Festspielhaus?

A

A theatre built by Wagner where only his works can be performed

33
Q

Define: scena

A

Scene structure created by Rossini that was:

  1. intro
  2. recit
  3. cantabile
  4. tempo di mezzo
  5. cabaletta
34
Q

Define: Tinta

A

musical coloring

35
Q

What is St. Petersburg Conservatory?

A

Russian conservatory that brought in Western European teachers to teach music

36
Q

What is exoticism ?

A

Nineteenth-century trend in which composers wrote music that evoked feelings and settings of distant lands or foreign cultures from the lense of a European

37
Q

What is a symphonic poem/ tone poem?

A

A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other source. (program music)

38
Q

Define: Developing variations

A

Term coined by Arnold Schoenberg for the process of deriving new themes, accompaniments, and other ideas throughout a piece through variations of a germinal idea.

39
Q

Define: Thematic transformation

A

A method devised by Listz to provide unity, variety and a narrative like logic to compositions by transforming the thematic material into two new themes or other elements, in order to reflect the diverse moods needed to portray a programmatic subject

40
Q

Define: Chromatic saturation

A

Using all 12 chromatic notes

41
Q

True or false: Gaelic Symphony was ethnic and nationalist

A

True

42
Q

Where did the action happen in operas before Rossini?

A

In the recitative

43
Q

Who expanded on scena and added their own way of improving the drama? and which operas did they do this?

A

Verdi (Rigelleto and Traviata)

44
Q

What was Risorgimento?

A

Italian unification

45
Q

Which composer was a major kingpin in Risorgimento?

A

Verdi- “Viva Verdi”

46
Q

What is verismo?

A

(1) Nineteenth-century operatic movement that presents everyday people in familiar situations, often depicting sordid or brutal events.
(2) More broadly, term used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for operas that turned away from Romantic idealism and reliance on conventions. See also realism.

47
Q

Define: Stabreim

A

german alliteration technique used for Wagners Ring Cycle

48
Q

Who used a lot of chromatic saturation?

A

Strauss and Hugo Wolf

49
Q

Which composer was found of tone poems?

A

Strauss

50
Q

absolute vs programmatic music

A

Programmatic music creates images and tells stories of everyday life whereas absolute music is purely composed for the music and not for a story

51
Q

Who used developing variations and in what pieces?

A

Brahms fourth symphony “finale” and Piano quintet in f minor first movement

52
Q

How did Brahms compose music?

A

He composed music that was similar in function and aesthetic of older repertoire but still display something different and new. He was a slow writer and was very critical

53
Q

How many symphonies did Brahms write?

A

4

54
Q

What three works are examples of realism?

A

Verdi’s La Traviata, Bizet’s Carmen and Puccini’s Madama butterfly

55
Q

How did Puccini embrace realism?

A
  1. embodied by diverse characters
  2. authentic local color, lifelike stage action
  3. engaging visual effects
56
Q

Grand opera

A

spectacular opera. performed with elaborate sets and costumes. Many people are needed to make it happen. Grand opera involves royalty, heroism, an elaborate ballet scene, and is often long. Composer Giacomo Meyerbeer wrote opera in this style.

57
Q

What opera is a operetta?

A

Pirates of penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan

58
Q

Which country incorporated ballets in their operas?

A

France

59
Q

What is a Wagnerian?

A

A person who believed in programmatic music and are lead by Wagner, Liszt and Berlioz

60
Q

Who uses leitmotiv and in what work?

A

Wagner’s ring cycle

Music History 3 (7 decks)

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