Final Exam Flashcards
human anatomy:
structure of the body and body parts
human physiology:
function of the body and body parts
Structure determines function. True or false?
Structure determines function TRUE!
atom:
the smallest unit of matter that combines to form chemicals
chemical:
substance with a distinct molecular composition
organelle:
structural units within cells that have specific functions
cell:
the basic structural unit of living organisms
tissue:
group of cells working together to perform a function
organ:
group of tissues working together to perform a function
organ system:
group of organs working together to perform a function
organism:
group of systems working together
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Blood
Tissue
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Na+
Chemical
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Bone tissue
Tissue
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
H2O
Chemical
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Nervous system
Organ System
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Stomach
Organ
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Femur
Organ
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Neuron
Atom
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Protein
Chemical
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Spinal cord
Organ
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Lymphatic system
Organ system
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Ribosome
Organelle
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Mitochondrion
Organelle
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Endocrine system
Organ system
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
Human
 organism
state the level of organization represented
by each of the following terms:
White blood cell
Cell
Functions of integumentary system:
Protects against infection, regulates body temperature, sensory information
Major organs of the integumentary system:
Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Function of the skeletal system:
Support and protection, stores calcium, forms blood cells.
Major organs of the skeletal system:
Bones, bone marrow, ligaments, cartilage
Function of the muscular system:
Movement protection and support, generates heat, and maintains body temperature.
Major organs of the muscular system:
Muscle, tendons
Functions of the nervous system:
Responds to stimuli, coordinates activities, interprets sensory information
Major organs of the nervous system:
Brain, spinal cord, Peripheral nerves, sensory organs
Functions of the endocrine system:
Directs long-term changes in other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy
Major organs of the endocrine system:
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads
Functions of the cardiovascular system:
Distributes blood cells water and dissolved minerals, distributes heat, Controls body temperature
Major organs of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, blood vessels
Functions of the lymphatic system:
Defends against infection and disease
Major organs of the lymphatic system:
Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Functions of the respiratory system:
Talking, O2 in blood stream, brings Air to alveoli, removes CO2 from bloodstream
Major organs in the respiratory system:
Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Functions of the digestive system:
Digests food, absorbs water and nutrients, stores energy
Major organs of the digestive system:
Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Functions of the urinary system:
Excretes waste, Controls water balance, stores urine, regulates blood ion and pH
Major organs of the urinary system:
Kidneys, ureters, urethra, bladder
Function of the male reproductive system:
Produces male sex cells, seminal fluids, and hormones, sex
Major organs of the male reproductive system:
Testes, epididymis, ductus Diferencia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
Functions of the female reproductive system:
Produces sex cells and hormones, produces embryo, Provides milk, sex
Major organs of the female reproductive system:
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
What system is responsible for movement?
Muscular system
Which system is responsible for digestion?
Endocrine system
Which system is responsible for excretion?
Urinary, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular system
Which system is responsible for growth?
Endocrine system
Which system is responsible for responsiveness?
Nervous system
Which system is responsible for digestion?
Digestive system
Which system is responsible for reproduction?
Endocrine, Male and female reproductive systems
Which system is responsible for maintaining boundaries?
Integumentary, endocrine, and nervous system
An anatomical position the palms are facing _______________.
Forward
Why is it important that medical professionals describe the human body in anatomical position?
Standardization is used to avoid confusion among communication between healthcare professionals.
Cranial
Skull
Cephalic
Head
Frontal
For head
Ocular
Eyes
Orbital
Eyes
Buccal
Cheek
Cervical
Neck, cervix
Facial
Face
Oral
Mouth
Pelvic
Pelvis
Thoracic
Chest, middle back
Axillary
Armpit
Mammary
Breast
Brachial
Upper arm
Scapular
Shoulder blade
Digital
Fingers and toes
Phalangeal
Fingers and toes
Patellar
 kneecap
 abdominal
Abdomen
Umbilical
Navel
Antecubital
Depression in front of elbow
Antebrachial
Forearm
Palmar
Palm of hand
Carpal
Wrist
Pollex
 thumb
Manual
Hand
Mental
Chin
Pubic
Pubis
Inguinal
Groin
Coxal
Hip
Femoral
Thigh
Vertebral
Spinal column
Acromial
Top of shoulder
Dorsal
Back, posterior
Crural
 leg
Pectoral
 chest
Tarsal
Ankle
Pedal
Foot
Hallux
Big tow
Popliteal
Back of knee
Calcaneal
 heel
Perineal
Perineum
Olecranal
Back of elbow
Lumbar
Loin, lower back
Gluteal
Buttocks
Sural
Calf
Plantar
Sole of the foot
Peroneal
Lateral leg
Fibular
Lateral leg
Sternal
Sternum, breast bone
Anterior
Front
Ventral
Front, belly
Dorsal
Back
Posterior
Back of body
Cephalic
Closer to head
Cranial
Closer to head
Caudal
Closer to tail
Inferior
Below
Superior
Above
Medial
Closer to midline
Lateral
Away from midline
Distal
Away from trunk
Proximal
Closer to trunk
Superficial
Closer to surface
Deep
Away from surface
Visceral
Lines and covers internal organs
Parietal
Lines the cavity
Ipsilateral
Same side
Bilateral
Both sides
Contralateral
Opposite sides
