Final Exam Flashcards
A drug with a T.I of 10 is safer than a drug with a T.I of 5
True
Most topically applied drugs produce a local action
True
The Bordetella vaccine is considered to be an inhalation route of administration
False
Infusion IV therapy is the administration of small amounts of fluid in a syringe.
False
An anti-pyretic drug is used to relieve itching.
False
The proprietary name of a drug is the same as the generic name of a drug.
False
The main disadvantage to IV drug administration is lack of patient cooperation.
False
Dermocylsis is synonymous with subcutaneous administration.
False
Propylene Glycol is a solid type of drug vehicle.
False
When sending in the DEA 222 order form, the veterinarian must keep the top copy.
False
The study of an animal’s response to a drug in the absence of dz
Pharmacodynamics
A drug patent lasts for a maximum of ___ years
17
What requirement or requirements are necessary for the purchasing of a Schedule II drug?
- Distributor has a copy of the Drs. DEA license
- You must fill out the DEA 222 order form
Drugs administered via the inhalation route are considered to be number ____ in onset of action:
2
If a drug has an ED50 of 28 mgs, and an LD50 of 751 mgs, the T.I. is:
27
Chelation is defined as
The binding of a substance to metals
DMSO is an example of a drug that is given via which route of administration
Topical
Intra-articular route of administration is most commonly used for:
- Steroid injections for joint dz
- Injecting radiographic dye for performing radiographic studies
How often must an inventory be performed, according to the DEA:
Every 2 years
Which schedule or schedules of controlled substances is/are not available for therapeutic use:
1
**List 3 disadvantages of oral administration and put a star () by the one that is the main disadvantage.
- Pt. cooperation *
- V/D
List 2 general reasons for the use of a drug
Tx
Prevention
List 2 examples of drugs, that when applied topically, produce a systemic action on the body
DMSO
Mitaban
***List 3 advantages of subcutaneous administration over IM administration.
- Less painful
- More gradual onset
List 3 vehicles used in preparing solid dosage forms.
- Tarc
- Sugar
- Resin
Define Drug
A substance used to treat, prevent, diagnose, or cure a pt.
Grapiprant
Galliprant
Cefazolin
Kefsol
Furosemide
Lasix
Butorphanol
Torbugesic
Cefovecin
Convenia
Robenacoxib
Onsior
Bupivicaine
Marcaine
Oxymorphone
Numorphan
Mannitol
Osmitrol
Oclacitnib Maleate
Apoquel
Controlled substances are drugs that:
Have a high potential for abuse
Drugs that are administered intra articularly are injected into:
a joint
Sometimes drugs are first administered in a large dose and then given as a series of smaller doses. What is the first dose called?
Loading dose
What dosage form must be shaken before administration to an animal?
Suspension
What controlled substance rating indicates the drug with the greatest potential for abuse?
C-II
The generic name for a drug is also called the:
Non-proprietary name
Intradermal injections are used primarily for:
Allergy testing
The main reason that generic forms of drugs are less expensive than trademark name drugs is because generic brands:
Do not incur the expense of developing a new drug
What liquid form of drug is most commonly administered intravenously?
Solution
When a drug is said to have a narrow therapeutic range, it means that:
It’s effective and toxic doses are close to eachother
The regulatory agency that oversees the development and approval of animal topical pesticides is the:
EPA
A drug given by which of the following routes reaches its peak plasma concentration the fastest?
Intravenously
What precautions should you take when applying DMSO to an animal’s skin?
Wear latex gloves to avoid contact with the drug
All of the following drugs are controlled substances, and their use must be logged except:
Propofol
What route of administration of amikacin or gentamicin causes the highest risk for nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity)?
Continuous intravenous administration
Topically applied steroids have an endodermic base
True
An alkaline drug would remain in the undissociated form in an acid environment.
False
Plasma binding ability is defined as the degree of a drug’s lipid solubility.
True
Conjugation is the most common type of drug biotransformation.
True
Osmotic diuretics work by inhibiting tubular reabsorption.
False
If drugs are eliminated by the kidneys, glomerular filtration is the #1 mechanism utilized.
True
SQ route of administration will be absorbed faster than IM route of administration.
False
Water soluble drugs have a shorter half life than lipid soluble drugs.
True
Furosemide works by creating large osmotic pressure differences.
False
Hydrophobic ointments should be used on a ‘weeping’ lesion.
False
An undissociated drug is considered to be in the _____ form.
Active
Drugs with a longer half life must undergo _____ transformation, thus lipid soluble drugs have a _____ half life in comparison to water soluble drugs
More, Longer
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors are mainly used to treat:
Glaucoma
If a drug is in the non-ionized form, it is considered to be:
An active drug
An undissociated drug
The standard osmotic diuretic used in veterinary medicine is:
Mannitol
Which type of insulin is the quickest acting type of insulin:
Regular
Ideal blood glucose levels of _____ mg/dl are achieved _____ hours after administration of insulin with ideal insulin therapy
80-120, 12
Which type of insulin is most commonly used as the maintenance type to treat diabetes mellitus in dogs:
NPH
Which of the following factors would cause the drug depot to disappear faster:
Drugs that are a solution
Furosemide is commonly used to treat
CHF
Define obligatory water loss
Osmosis of water from the tissues into the tubules to equalize concentration gradient, forcing water to be lost due to osmosis
List 3 factors that effect the degree of absorption following the topical administration of a drug.
- Thinness of skin
- Concentration of drug applied
- Blood supply to area
Briefly explain with regards to blood glucose levels, what should be achieved with ideal insulin therapy of a diabetic animal.
Minor- titrate dosage
Major- change insulin
Low end: 80-120
High end: 180-200
If a diabetic animal’s blood glucose curve is always slightly higher than normal, what adjustment to the insulin therapy should be made to correct for the problem?
Minor adjustment- Titrate dosage
List 4 main factors affecting the distribution of a drug to the tissues of the body:
Concentration gradient
Plasma binding ability
Adipose tissue
BBB
Mepivicaine
Carbocaine
Phenylbutazone
Butazolidin
Propanolol
Inderal
