Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phamacology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The 1st group of antimicrobials, whose therapeutic properties were described were the

A

Penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 1st group of antimicrobials used therapeutically were the

A

Sulfonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the heaviest used antimicrobials of the 1950s?

A

Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Synthetic penicillin were first utilized in

A

1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 3 ways in which microorganisms can attain acquired resistance

A
  1. Change cell membrane permeability
  2. Change attachment site on cell membrane
  3. Produce an agent lethal to antimicrobials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the 3 organisms used in the manufacturing of antibiotics

A
  1. Yeast
  2. Mold
  3. Bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is considered the hallmark with the use of antibiotics?

A

Produce inhibitory activity in low doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the 2 divisions of penicillin drugs

A
  1. Plain

2. Semi-synthetic **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the advantages of using semi-synthetic drugs?

A
  1. More broad spectrum against gram positive and some gram negative bacteria.
  2. Increased half life leading to a longer duration of action.
  3. Decreased dosing.
  4. Increased resistance to stomach acid making formulation more acid stable.
  5. Less resistance being created.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 2 general types of substances that create semi-synthetic penicillin drugs

A
  1. Organic compounds

2. Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the 2 organic compounds that can be added to plain penicillin drugs

A
  1. Benzathine

2. Procaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the 3 salts that create semi-synthetic penicillin

A
  1. Sodium (solution)
  2. Potassium (solution)
  3. Trihydrates (suspension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List two brand names of the combination penicillin drug called procaine benzylpenicillin and benzathine benzylpenicillin

A
  1. Flocillin
  2. Combipen
  3. Depo-Penicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give the brand name for Ampicillin Trihydrate

A

Polyflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give the brand name for Ampicillin Sodium

A

Omnipen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give the brand name for Potassium Hetacillin

A

Hetacin-K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the 2 names the generic preparation amoxicillin are called

A
  1. Amoxi (tab, injection, drops)

2. Robamox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give the brand name for Gentamicin Sulfate (Aminoglycoside)

A

Gentocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give the brand name for Kanamycin Sulfate (Aminoglycoside)

A

Kantrim

Kantrex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give the brand name Amikacin Sulfate

Aminoglycoside

A

Amiglyde V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The most toxic aminoglycoside is

A

Neomycin Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The most broad spectrum aminoglycoside is

A

Amikacin Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The only aminoglycoside effective orally is

A

Kanamycin Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are most aminoglycosides are not effective orally?

A

Too acid labile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the most common route of administration for aminoglycosides?

A

Topical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The 2 main side effects of aminoglycosides are:

A
  1. Nephrotoxic

2. Ototoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What type of action is produced on the organisms sensitive to Tetracyclines?

A

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define chelation

A

Binding of a substance to metals

30
Q

Give the brand name for Doxycycline Hyclate

A

Vibramycin

31
Q

What is the main disadvantage with the use of Tetracyclines?

A

Only comes in oral forms`

32
Q

Why are Tetracyclines contraindicated in ruminant in the oral form?

A

Cause normal flora inhibition in rumen which disrupts fermentation

33
Q

Cephalosporin drugs are closely related to which other family of antibiotics?

A

Penicillin

34
Q

Give the brand name for Cefazolin Sodium

A

Kefsol

35
Q

Give the brand name for Cefadroxil Monohydrate

A

Cefa Tab

36
Q

Give the brand name for Cephalothin

A

Keflin

37
Q

Give the brand name for Cephalexin

A

Keflex

38
Q

Give the brand name for Enrofloxacin

A

Baytril

39
Q

Give the brand name for Orbifloxacin

A

Orbax

40
Q

Give the brand name for Marbofloxacin

A

Zeniquin

41
Q

Give the brand name for Ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro

42
Q

List the 2 main polypeptides and the type of bacteria each are effective against

A
  1. Bacitracin (Gr +)

2. Polymyxin B (Gr -)

43
Q

The 2 main disadvantages with the administration of the single component polypeptides

A
  1. Highly toxic when given systemically.

2. Nephrotoxic

44
Q

The most common route of polypeptide administration

A

Topical, also ophthalmic

45
Q

The drug added to the 2 polypeptides listed

A

Neomycin Sulfate

46
Q

The 3 brand names for the combination Polypeptide drug

A

Neobacimyx, Tri-Thalmic, Neosporin

47
Q

Chloramphenicol is known by the abbreviation and has 3 common brand names

A

CHPC

  • Anacetin
  • Vedichol
  • Chlorichol
  • Chlormycetin
48
Q

List the 2 potential side effects with the administration of systemic acting Chloramphenicol

A
  1. Hepatotoxicity
  2. Anemia
  3. Inhibit Wound Healing and Antibody Formation
49
Q

Anti-fungal antibiotics are also known as, classified as with regards to action on Fungi

A
  1. Fungicidal

2. Fungistatic

50
Q

The 2 divisions of fungal disorders are

A
  1. Superficial *

2. Systemic

51
Q

The main superficial fungal disorder is known as

A

Dermatomycosis (ringworm)

52
Q

List the main drug of choice of the systemic treatment of the superficial disorder

A

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Fungistatic

53
Q

What are the 3 main side effects of Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

A
  1. Embryotoxic
  2. Teratogenic
  3. Fungus easily develops resistance to drug.
54
Q

Give the brand name for Ketoconazole

A

Nizoral

*Can treat superficial or systemic fungi

55
Q

The main single component, topically applied drug used for the treatment of superficial fungal disorders is known as

A

Miconozole (Conofite)

56
Q

Tresaderm contains

A
  1. Thiabendazole
  2. Dexamethasone
  3. Neomycin Sulfate
57
Q

For what types of conditions is Tresaderm used?

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. Mycotic
  3. Inflammatory Dermatoses
58
Q

What are the 4 components of Panalog?

A
  1. Nystatin (antimycotic)
  2. Neomycin Sulfate (antimicrobial)
  3. Thiostrepton (antimycotic)
  4. Triamcinolone (steroid)
59
Q

The main drug of choice for the systemic treatment of the systemic fungal disorders

A 
Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
IV solution or oral tablet
60
Q

List the side effects of Amphotericin B (Fungizone)

A
  1. Nephrotoxic
  2. Hepatotoxic
  3. Anemia
  4. CNS disturbances
  5. GI upset
61
Q

PABA stands for

A

para amino benzoic acid

62
Q

Briefly explain the pharmacologic activity of Sulfonamides

A

Interfere with metabolic pathways

63
Q

What is the action of Sulfonamides?

A

Bacteriostatic

64
Q

List the side effects of Sulfonamides

A
  1. Crystalluria
  2. Hypoprothrombinemia
  3. Skin Reaction
  4. GI Upset
65
Q

Give the brand names for Sulfadimethoxine

A

Bactrovet, Albon

66
Q

Give the brand name for Silver Sulfadiazine

A

Silvadene, Thermazine

67
Q

List the 2 changes created in sulfonamide drugs with the addition of Trimethoprim or Ormetoprim

A
  1. Less frequent administration

2. More broad spectrum

68
Q

Give the brand name for Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim

A

Tribrissen; D-Trim; Tucaprine

69
Q

Give the brand name for Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

A

Bactrim

70
Q

Give the brand name for Sulfadimethoxine and Ormetoprim

A

Primor

71
Q

List the 2 main indications for the use of Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A
  1. Giardia

2. Clostridium Pefringes

Phamacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions