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Acute Care 2 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of antibiotic organism cannot be killed by regular hand soap?

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

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2
Q

what does excessive fluid do to our vascular?

A

overload

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3
Q

what are modifiable risk factors?

A

stress, weight, alcohol, smoking, cigarette

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4
Q

how do you diagnose HTN?

A

2 BP on 2 separate occasions

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5
Q

what organs does HTN mostly effect?

A

eyes, brain, heart, kidneys

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6
Q

what are complications of uncontrolled HTN?

A

myocardial infraction, heart failure, cva, blurry vision, renal disease

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7
Q

Hypertensive crisis (emergency)

A

BP:>180/20 and indication of organ damage

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8
Q

what are s/s of HTN crisis?

A

severe headache, seizures, nausea, blurred vision, nausea

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9
Q

How do you treat HTN crisis?

A

admit to icu with IV emergency drugs (nipride, cardene, nitroglycerin, or labetalol)

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10
Q

pre hypertension levels?

A

130-139 (systolic)/80-89 (Diastolic)

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11
Q

what medication can cause a chronic hacking cough?

A

Ace Inhibitor

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12
Q

what medication would be be administered to an asthmatic or COPD patient? why?

A

beta blocker, binds together and blocks epinephrine

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13
Q

nursing consideration for monitoring patient on diuretic?

A

lowers bp, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, potassium, bananas, apricots

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14
Q

atherosclerosis

A

artery NARROWING due to lipids, inflammation, erosion

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15
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

HARDENING and THICKENING of arteries from calcium deposits

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16
Q

how would you prevent a PVD?

A

control diabetes mellitus, educate on diet, prevent smoking

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17
Q

what are the 6 p’s of an arterial embolism?

A

pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, poilokilothermia, paralysis

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18
Q

s/s of venous disease

A

skin discoloration, thick brownish around ankles, bluish feet, edema, cellulitis, necrosis and gangrene

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19
Q

PAD most common cause is?

A

atherosclerosis

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20
Q

treatment for PAD?

A

exercise, and smoking cessation (stop)

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21
Q

s/s of PAD?

A

intermittent claudication (pain effecting calf), arterial ulcers, older adult consideration

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22
Q

what is an aneurysm?

A

bulging blood vessel, outpouching of the wall of an artery, resulting from a structural defect.
once develops, it continues to grow larger and may rupture

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23
Q

treatment for aneurysm?

A

surgery, focus on lower blood pressure and treat pain. maintain stress, safety

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24
Q

what needs to be verified if patient taking thiazides?

A

allergy (sulfa drug)

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25
Q

what do you monitor in a patient on antihypertensive medication?

A

blood pressure and heart rate

26
Q

beta blockers can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. what patient base would need additional education when taking this med?

A

diabetic patient

27
Q

what electrolyte would be a concern if patient is on a diuretic?

A

potassium

28
Q

intermitent claudication

A

pain when walking, goes away when resting

29
Q

difference between cellulitis and ulcer

A

cellulitis- inflammation

ulcer- pooling

30
Q

what is the priority concern for a patient on a “clot buster” medication?

A

no green leafy veggies, fall risk, safety, check INR & PTT levels

31
Q

what would you teach a patient diagnosed with raynaud’s disease on how to care for their condition?

A

protect extremities, avoid cold temp, decrease caffeine, stop smoking, non restive clothing

32
Q

how do you treat varicose veins?

A

elastic support hose

33
Q

how do you prevent varicose veins?

A

exercising the legs & feet periodically,
decrease alcohol
elevate legs whenever possible

34
Q

venous stasis ulcer are caused from what?

A

insufficient vein stasis

decreased perfusion

35
Q

what is the range for normal insulin levels?

A

70 to 120 mg/dL

36
Q

what does insulin do?

A

stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles
inhibits gluconeogeneis
enhances fat deposition

37
Q

cardinal signs of diabetes?

A 
polyuria 
polydipsia
polyphagia
weight loss 
fatigue
38
Q

cardinal signs of diabetes?

A 
polyuria 
polydipsia
polyphagia
weight loss 
fatigue
39
Q

what complication of diabetes cause sweat breath?

A

ketones in blood

40
Q

what are the tests to check for pre diabetes?

A

fasting glucose, glucose tolerance

41
Q

what blood glucose range is considered diabetes?

A

over 120

42
Q

what is secondary diabetes caused from?

A 
results from another medical condition:
cushing syndrome
hyperthyroidsm 
pancreatitis
parental nutrition  
cystic fibrosis 
hemochromatosis
43
Q

what organ is the master gland?

A

pituitary gland

44
Q

what is a healthy a1c?

A

less than 5.7

45
Q

which gland secretes hormones and which ones are they?

A

posterior gland

46
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

ADH

47
Q

what hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

t3 & t4

48
Q

what happens on the body when there is too much thyroid hormones?

A

hyperthyroidism- graves and goiter

49
Q

how do you care for a patient with too much thyroid hormone?

A

antithyroidism. radioactive iodine treatment

50
Q

the parathyroid gland produces calcitonin to regulate what?

A

calcium glucanate

51
Q

what are the two catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

52
Q

what are the hormones called secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A

adrenal corticosteroid

53
Q

how do you prevent a goiter?

A

low iodine

54
Q

headaches, visual changes, anosmia, or seizures are symptoms of a tumor in what gland?

A

adrenal gland

55
Q

what are the s/s of hypothyroidism?

A 
brittle nails
intolerance to cold 
 hearing loss
apathy 
dry skin
weight loss
56
Q

acute thyroiditis and nursing management

A 
(bacterial/fungal) 
increased pain
malise 
dysphagia 
antibiotics
57
Q

subacute thyroiditis

A 
(viral)
increased temp
pain in jaw
pain in ear
ASA, nsaids, steroid
58
Q

chronic thyroiditis

A 
(hashimoto)
autoimmune 
anti-thyroid 
normal tissue 
thyroid hormones
59
Q

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) treatment

A

(too much ADH)
restrict fluids to 500 to 1000 mL/day
adminsoter sodium chloride diuretics and demeclicycline

60
Q

DI

A

not enough ADH

61
Q

large goiter nursing priority?

A

monitor for tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, fatigue

62
Q

exophthalmos is s/s of what disorder?

A

graves disease (immune disorder) thyroid overproduces hormones

Acute Care 2 (3 decks)

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