Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Community Health > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Any substances that modify (enhance, inhibits, or distorts) mental and/or physical body functioning

A

Drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The unintentional or inappropriate use of the prescribed or over the counter (OTC) types of drugs

A

Drug Misuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Substances that affect the central nervous systems and/or alter consciousness and/or perceptions

A

Psychoactive Drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Taking or consuming drugs

A

Drug Use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The willful (more intense) misuse of either legal or illegal drugs for the purpose of recreation, perceived necessity, or convenience

A

Drug Abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The existence of both psychological dependence and physical dependence on at least one illicit substance such as marijuana, cocaine, meth, heroin, etc.

A

Drug Addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Effects are multiplied (enhanced)
  • Expressed as 2+2=10
  • Ex: alcohol and barbiturates
A

Synergistic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prevent the drug activation)
o Inhibition – the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug
o Work at same receptor (mimic neurotransmitters)
o Ex: alcohol and antibiotics

A

Antagonistic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Summation of effects of drugs taken concurrently
  • Expressed as 1 + 1 = 2
  • Ex. Aspirin and codeine (opioid agonist)
A

Additive effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Outcomes of self-directed or interpersonal violence
  • Examples: Assaults, rapes, suicides, homicides
  • Can be perpetrated against family members, community members, or complete strangers
A

Intentional injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Refers to injuries that were unplanned
  • The cause of nearly two-thirds of all injury-related deaths in the U.S. (e.g., 146,571 deaths in 2014)
  • A major community health problem
  • Overall, fifth leading cause of death in the U.S
A

Unintentional injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

• The difference between
o Dose that produces the desired therapeutic effect in most patients
o Lowest dose that produces an unacceptable toxic reaction

A

Safety Margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

o Can be legally bought and sold in the marketplace

o Ex: alcohol, nicotine, over-the-counter drugs, prescription drugs

A

Legal drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

o Those regulated by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
o Cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used within the confines of the law
o Ex: marijuana, heroin, cocaine, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, anabolic drugs, inhalants, etc.

A

Illegal (illicit) drugs and controlled substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Understand drug abuse in college students

A
  • In the US, 50% of all full-time college students (3.8 million) binge drink, abuse medications, or abuse illegal drugs.
  • Drug addiction among college students has a higher rate of prevalence that that of the general population
  • 1 in 4 of the Nation’s college students (22.9%) meet the medical criteria for substance abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

• Requires knowledge of:
o Causes of drug-taking behavior
o Sources of illicit drugs
o Drug laws
o Treatment programs
o Community organizing skills
• Persistence and cooperation of various individuals and agencies
o Education- (Scare tactics) show the potential negative consequences of drug use
o War on drugs – laws and policies to reduce illegal drug use
o Multimodal approach – most effective when young people are taught to differentiate drug use, misuse, and abuse
o Harm reduction strategies – practical approaches to reducing negative consequences of drug use
o New campaign – not shaming

A

Understand prevention and control of drug abuse

17
Q

o Education- (Scare tactics) show the potential negative consequences of drug use
o War on drugs – laws and policies to reduce illegal drug use
o Multimodal approach – most effective when young people are taught to differentiate drug use, misuse, and abuse
o Harm reduction strategies – practical approaches to reducing negative consequences of drug use
o New campaign – not shaming

A

Understand prevention and control of drug abuse Part 2

18
Q

• Primary prevention
o Aims at those who have never used drugs
• Secondary prevention
o Aims at those who have used, but are not chronic abusers
• Tertiary prevention
o Aims at drug abuse treatment and aftercare, including relapse prevention

A

Understand drug prevention (e.g., primary, secondary and tertiary prevention)

19
Q

Aim to reduce either the supply or demand for drugs

Include a multitude of federal, state, and local agencies

A

Policies of drug prevention & control

20
Q
  • Drug users are found anywhere – occupations, income levels, social class, any age
  • No one is immune to drug use which can lead to dependence
  • Use us is not abuse
  • Most users of any given substance don’t abuse or depend on it
  • Abuse happens with legal drug as much as illegal drugs
  • Misuse can lead to addiction
  • Drug and alcohol abuse contribute to over 120,000 death in US a year
  • Illegal drug use has huge financial burden on economy (181bil)
  • Drug and alcohol is on of US most expensive community health issues
  • Although drug use in US fallen 50% in last 20 years, the last 10 have shown increase of certain drugs by adolescents
A

General Principles of Drug Use

21
Q

• Education
o Process of changing people’s health-directed behavior
o (e.g., speeding, aggressive driving, alcohol us, etc.)
• Automatic protection
o Modifying products or environments to reduce risk
• Regulation
o Enacting and enforcing laws to control behavior
• Litigation
o Seeking justice for injury through courts

A

Understand community approaches to injury prevention

22
Q 
o	Leading type of unintentional injury death (e.g., 33,700 deaths in 2015)
o	Leading cause of nonfatal unintentional injury
o	Majority of those killed (2015) are
	Drivers
	Passengers
	Motorcycle riders
	Pedestrians
	Pedal cyclists

 75% of the crashes occur within 25 miles of home at speeds less than 40 miles per hours
 Teens are involved in 15% of all fatal crashes
 Driver inexperience is the main reason for these vehicle crashes
 Most motor crashes are a result of human error. The 5 most common reasons are:
• Excessive speed – 2/3rd of all crashes
• Aggressive driving – most are due to bad habit
• Driver distraction – caused by fatigue and sleepiness, cellular phones, passengers in the car, performing other task at the same time as driving, etc.
• Alcohol and other drugs use
• Nonuse of safety equipment – seat belts, front/side airbags

A

Motor Vehicle Crashes - Identify the type of unintentional injury and understand the summary

23
Q

o Second leading cause of unintentional injury death
 Unintentional ingestion of fatal doses of medicines and drugs
 Consumption of toxic foods
o Exposure to toxic substances in the workplace or elsewhere
o Most cases occur in the home
o Ingestion is the most common route of poisoning exposure (77% of cases)
o Approximately 50% of cases involve nondrug substances, such as common household products (e.g., cosmetics, personal care items, cleaning solutions, foreign bodies, etc.)

A

Poisoning - Identify the type of unintentional injury and understand the summary

24
Q

o Third leading cause of unintentional injury death
o Leading cause of injury-related ED visits
o Most cases occur in the home
o Disproportionately affect elders

Incidence
Mortality
Of those who are hospitalized, about 50% will not be alive a year later
In 2000, traumatic brain injury accounted for 46% of fatal falls

Cost
Fall-related injuries are among the most expensive health conditions
In 2000, $179 million were spent on fatal falls and $19 billion were spent on injuries from non-fatal falls

A

Falls - Identify the type of unintentional injury and understand the summary

25
Q 
•	Recognition (e.g., identify agents)
•	Anticipation
•	Evaluation
•	Control (e.g., elimination/substitution of causative factors)
Prevention strategies
•	Environmental designs
•	Administrative controls
•	Behavior strategies
A

Understand 4 fundamental tasks for preventing and controlling unintentional injuries in the work place

26
Q

Model for unintentional injuries – triangle
Environment (top), host (BL), and agent (BR) (or energy producing agent)

• Prevent accumulation of energy producing agent
o Reducing speed limits, lowering settings on hot water heaters
o Placing barrier between host and agent
o Sunscreen, non-heat handles on cookware, nonslip surfaces
SEPARATE HOST FROM POTENTIALLY dangerous sources of injury

A

Explain the triangle model for unintentional injuries

Community Health (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions