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Archaeology > FINAL - everything > Flashcards

FINAL - everything Flashcards

1
Q

Provenience

A

Shorthand for the context of a find; an artifacts location relative to a system of spatial control and records context

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2
Q

Profile

A

Stratigraphic cross section

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3
Q

Shovel testing

A

Method for finding site limits

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4
Q

Feature

A

Unmovable kind of evidence

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5
Q

De Vries effect

A

Problem with radiocarbon dating having to do with sunspots

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6
Q

Stratigraphy

A

Basis for relative dating; an aspect of physical structure of a site produced by the deposition of sediment and other material in a series of separate strata

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7
Q

Replication

A

Builds confidence in findings and is a basic goal of experimental archaeology

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8
Q

Coordinate system

A

Utilized for horizontal space control

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9
Q

Taphonomy

A

Study of natural processes affecting archaeological evidence

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10
Q

Paradigm

A

Overarching theoretical framework

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11
Q

LIDAR

A

Laser based mapping method of geophysical survey; can cut through vegetation

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12
Q

Seriation

A

Concerned with stylistic changes; the chart from gravestones

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13
Q

Proton precession

A

A type of magnetometer

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14
Q

GPR

A

Ground penetrating radar! Can view results as verticals slices, can go through many a surface. Utilizes radio signals

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15
Q

Multispectral imaging

A

Infrared photography using satellites

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16
Q

Crop marks

A

Identified by arial survey - can result from unusual nutrient input, upheaval and reentry of soil, and being buried over stone

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17
Q

UAV

A

Remotely operated arial device

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18
Q

Law of superposition

A

The geological principle that strata closer to the surface should be younger than the strata below

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19
Q

Material culture

A

The full range of physical objects that result from cultural activity

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20
Q

Conventional 14C method of dating

A

Date is calculated from measures of beta decay

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21
Q

AMS 14C method of dating

A

Date is calculated from direct counting of carbon atoms

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22
Q

Culture

A

An integrated system of learned beliefs, traditions, and customs that influence individual and group behavior

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23
Q

Law of association

A

Assumes objects found within a discrete deposit are related

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24
Q

Archaeological site

A

A location bearing evidence of past human activity

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25
Q

Pathology

A

Usually an indication of disease, poor nutrition, etc.

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26
Q

13C and 15N isotopes

A

Chemical source of information about diet (plants and animals)

27
Q

Strontium and oxygen isotopes

A

Chemical source of information on geographical location

28
Q

Heirloom effect

A

Potential cause for overestimating the age of a site

29
Q

Henge

A

Monument consisting of a ditch and berm

30
Q

Attribute

A

Artifact characteristic

31
Q

What was the point of garbology?

A

To test if archaeology really works! Also it’s applies archaeology

32
Q

Parkinson’s law of garbage

A

If you’ve got the space for it people are gonna use it

33
Q

Oldowan tools

A

Australopithecine era tools that were purposeful and simple, inconsistent and widespread

34
Q

Archeulian tools

A

After oldowan, greater control over medium led to symmetrical, long cutting edge that were large, complex, and consistent

35
Q

MSA and middle Paleolithic tools

A

After archeulian, narrow and small that varied and were diverse from place to place. Corresponds to second wave out of Africa

36
Q

Late Paleolithic characteristics

A

Complex and consistent tools, regionalized language, abstract thought and ethnicity

37
Q

Why are caves and rock shelters important?

A

They preserve artifacts and are not subject to erosion

38
Q

What does darker soil indicate?

A

Human habitation

39
Q

Reflexive behavior

A

Aware of our own existence through writing, painting, burying the dead

40
Q

Things found at Blombos cave that question the idea that the Great Leap Forward happened in Europe

A

Red ochre style art kit, shells and stones, symbols in ochre, and personal adornments

41
Q

BC-AD

A

Before Christ, Anno Domini

42
Q

BCE-CE

A

Before common era, common era

43
Q

BP

A

Before present

44
Q

RCYBP

A

Radiocarbon year BP (1950)

45
Q

Two absolute dating methods

A

Dendrochronology and radiocarbon

46
Q

Dendrochronology

A

Tree ring dating; theorized by AE Douglass and requires cross-dating. ONLY METHOD THAT GIVES SINGLE YEAR PRECISION

47
Q

How are radiocarbon dates calibrated?

A

Dendrochronology my man

48
Q

When is radiocarbon applicable/useful

A

In the remains of formerly living things!!

49
Q

What does radiocarbon give us?

A

Death date! Not necessarily date of use

50
Q

Who created radiocarbon dating?

A

Willard Libby

51
Q

What kind of carbon is used for RCD

A

Carbon 14

52
Q

What’s the half life of C14?

A

5730 years

53
Q

What does 14C decay into?

A

14N; it originated in the atmosphere and then living organisms absorb it

54
Q

When does 14C sample become unusable?

A

50,000 years

55
Q

Conventional RCD

A

14C decay over given time; the original way, least precise… Very slow and you need a large sample

56
Q

AMS

A

Accelerated mass spectrometry - the better form of radiocarbon dating! Direct count if 12,13,14C atoms in a sample… Very precise and needs a small sample!

57
Q

Bomb effect

A

Nuclear stuff in air can fuck up radiocarbon dating

58
Q

Seuss effect

A

Industrial carbon emissions fuck up radiocarbon dating

59
Q

George McJunkin

A

Found giant buffalo bones in New Mexico with a spear point in them

60
Q

Blackwater Draw

A

Clovis NM found mammoth and mastodon bones with spear pound

61
Q

Datum

A

Primary elevation reference

62
Q

Paleoindians

A

Pioneer humans in this hemisphere

63
Q

Anomaly

A

A geophysical finding

Archaeology (2 decks)

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