Final Essays Flashcards
are we so worried about the possibility that an artificial machine, like a computer, could “think” like a human being?
What does turings work say? his quote
Why is this important?
“We like to believe that man is…superior to the rest of creation.”
We are worried that we will become inferior to the machines. When we believe that we are superior to the rest of creation.
Descartes’ own version of the imitation game?
What is his quote?
Why does it matter?
turing
“machines could never use words or put together some kind of sign… Secondly, the would fail eventually as reason is a universal instrument.”
Descartes states machines could never imitate humans. because they cannot reason or speak.
What would Turings response be to Descartes two laws?
machines will eventually be able to talk and learn signs of humans because they will be learning machines not programed to a finite which gives them a limit.
Next, Turing would address reason in Descartes claim.
He would mostly say that at this moment he cannot fully claim something because he dose not know.
But he could start by saying that kids do not have reason at their birth but it builds over time and this is how the machines would have to work.
Hofstadter’s theory of creative thinking as imitation…
What is his two quotes?
turings work
“the goal of copycat is to strip away nonessential and make creative analogies.”
“computer first must interpret “rule” then apply that rule to the second situation.”
What is Turings response to Hofstadter’s theory
- Copycat makes mirco world which although it is not the same as Turings fully artifical intelligence it gives small example of big picture. for example…
- This coincides with Turings argument because the computer learns the rule and then applies it to the next situation so therefore it becomes a learning machine.
What is hobbes habitual thinking quotes?
why are they important?
“Anybody, set in motion will remain in motion until acted upon by another body.”
Hobbes states that this is how we acquire knowledge from one thing acting upon another which creates a chain of events.
“reasoning process is built upon universally agreed-upon first principles that form the foundation of our thoughts.”
Pierce uses habitual thinking in order to figure out mysteries such as?
How does it apply to habitual thinkin?
and give example
how does it apply to hobbes
inductive and deductive thinking.
do not necessarily use Habitual thinking because they are being analytical but they use the habitual thinking as a base for their interpretations.
if the beans in bag are white, beans are from the bag, and we know from habitual thinking that beans cannot change color so therefore the beans in my hands are white.
they also follow Hobbes idea of motion of how one idea leads to the next and so on. The chain reaction of events.
how does Kuhn’s idea relate to habitual thinking
How does it relate to Hobbes
Normal science is research based upon past scientific achievements which become habitual thinking because they expect a certain result.Scientist use paradigm which is concrete example such as scientific laws, theories, etc.
This creates habitual thinking for scientist because they refer to previous scientific achievements and they believe that to be the basis.
Kuhn is therefore also in a way acting upon Hobbes concept of principles.
Kuhn’s reasoning process is built upon the scientist universally agreed principle which is accept until it is changed. Hobbes idea is still embedded because the agreed result is accepted by all scientists.
