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Comp. Org. Arch. > Final Cum. > Flashcards

Final Cum. Flashcards

1
Q

The design specifications for a computer contain more details than its architectural specifications.

A

T

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2
Q

Voltage is the measure of the number of electrons passing a point in a circuit at a point in time.

A

F

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3
Q

Gates are designed so that the output of one gate can be directly connected to the input of another gate.

A

T

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4
Q

What is the schematic symbol for a NOR gate?

A

two input wires, devil icon, circle point, sing output wire.

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5
Q

What is the schematic symbol for an inverter gate?

A

two input wires, triangle icon, circle point single output wire.

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6
Q

Bytes are always 8-bits.

A

F

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7
Q

Octal is the term for base 8 number system.

A

T

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8
Q

A storage location has n-bits. How many unique combinations can be stored in it?

A

2^n

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9
Q

What is the binary value of 21 using 5 bits?

A

10101

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10
Q

What is the decimal value of 10111

A

23

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11
Q

What is the hexadecimal of 11010011?

A

D3

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12
Q

Voltage is measured as the difference between two points in a circuit.

A

T

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13
Q

Current is measured in amperes or amps.

A

T

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14
Q

Transistors allow using light to control the flow of electricity.

A

F

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15
Q

Diodes and transistors only allow current to flow one way.

A

T

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16
Q

In a schematic diagam of a circuit, two lines that corss indicate an electrical connection..

A

F

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17
Q

The single flip-flop only offers two possible output values:0 or 1

A

T

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18
Q

Counters often have an additional input used to reset them to zero.

A

T

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19
Q

A Hertz the length of time it takes for once cycle of a wave.

A

F

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20
Q

The amount of heat generated by a circuit is proportional to the amount of electrical power it consumes.

A

T

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21
Q

An advantage of logic gates created with transistors is that they settle immediately.

A

F

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22
Q

Binary constants begin with prefix 0b.

A

T

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23
Q

Big endian is a system that numbers bytes of an integer from least-significant.

A

F

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24
Q

Memory is bit addressable storage.

A

F

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25
Q

In two’s compliment a leading one indicates a negative number.

A

T

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26
Q

Floating point representations do store the leading bit of the mantissa.

A

F

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27
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of electrons in a given path.

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28
Q

What is the basic circuit element used to build all digital systems.

A

A transistor.

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29
Q

What does it mean when a flip-flop transition on a leading edge?

A

The output of the flip-flop changes when the input changes to a one.

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30
Q

What is a clock?

A

A circuit that gives regular, alternating sequence of zeros and ones.

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31
Q

What is Moore’s Law?

A

Moore’s law states that the number of transistors on a chip per square inch will double each year.

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32
Q

How many unique bit patterns can be stored in 10 bits?

A

2^10

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33
Q

What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal value 1261?

A

4ED

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34
Q

Which signed, binary representation has a negative zero?

A

One’s complement

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35
Q

What is the two’s compliment, 8-bit representation for decimal value -17?

A

11101111

36
Q

What is the purpose of adding the bias to floating point exponents?

A

To allow the exponent to be negative.

37
Q

What is the stored program concept as it applies to modern computers

A

A program, like, data, must be in memory while being used and can be stored like data.

38
Q

The Von Neumann architecture uses the stored program approach.

A

T

39
Q

Programmable logic processors are the most flexible kind of rocessors.

A

T

40
Q

A computational engine handles all communication between the processor and the rest of the computer system.

A

F

41
Q

The time required to execute an instruction can vary according to the instruction.

A

T

42
Q

Most processors today are not designed to stop unless the computer is being shut down.

A

T

43
Q

A soft power switch does not actually turn the power on or off.

A

T

44
Q

On each iteration of the fetch-execute cycle, the processor executes one instruction.

A

T

45
Q

Instruction format refers to whether a processor is CISC or RISC

A

F

46
Q

Moving a value between memory and a register is relatively inexpensive

A

F

47
Q

A CISC processor usually includes only the minimum number of instruction need to perform all operations required of the processor.

A

F

48
Q

In multistage processors, the program counter keeps track of which stage an instruction is in.

A

F

49
Q

A jump to subroutine instruction operates like a branch of instruction except it saves the value of one or more registers before the branch occurs.

A

T

50
Q

Indirect addressing can be done through a memory location.

A

T

51
Q

A design that uses microcode is less prone to errors and can be updated faster than one that does not use microcode.

A

T

52
Q

What is a parameterized logic processor?

A

A parameterized logic processor offers additional flexibility because although it only computes a predetermined function, the processor accepts a set of parameters that control the computation.

53
Q

What is the term for a part of a large, complex processor that acts independently and performs a computation?

A

Engine.

54
Q

What is the purpose of an opcode?

A

The purpose of the opcode is to determine what operation will be performed.

55
Q

What are the two basic operations of a register?

A

Fetch and store

56
Q

What does it mean for an instruction pipeline to be transparent?

A

The instruction sets must not explicitly reference the pipeline.

57
Q

Why are multistage processors faster others?

A

Multistage processors are faster because the stages in the pipeline may run in parallel.

58
Q

What is a no-op instruction?

A

They serve no purpose other than to occupy time.

59
Q

What is orthogonality as it applies to computer instruction sets?

A

They will have each instruction perform a unique task so that it doesn’t overlap the tasks of other instructions.

60
Q

What is the purpose of the third operand in 3-address architectures?

A

The third operand in a 3-address architecture designates the location of the result of the operation.

61
Q

What is an immediate operand?

A

An immediate operand is a constant that is used during an operation.

62
Q

What is the central weakness of a Von Neumann architecture?

A

a bottleneck can form during memory access.

63
Q

What is the name of the register that holds instructions that are being decoded?

A

The instruction register.

64
Q

What is backward compatibility?

A

The ability for a CPU to run older software.

65
Q

Random Access means that values must be read from memory in the same order in which they were inserted.

A

F

66
Q

Memory systems require a clock.

A

T

67
Q

A bus with N wires, allows 2^n bits of data to be transferred simultaneously.

A

F

68
Q

SRAM requires a refresh circuit.

A

F

69
Q

Byte addressing is convenient for programming because it gives programmers an easy way to access small data items.

A

T

70
Q

An advantage of DRAM is that it does not require a controller.

A

F

71
Q

The organization of physical memory can affect program performance.

A

T

72
Q

Dividing a virtual address space on an address boundary that is a power of two allows the MMU to do address translations without arithmetic operations.

A

T

73
Q

Real address space refers to the set of addresses as they appear to a running program.

A

F

74
Q

The terms frame and page are synonymous.

A

F

75
Q

While caching does not reduce the Von Neumann bottleneck, ti does reduce the cost of memory on most systems.

A

F

76
Q

What is volatile memory?

A

Memory that will lose its data once the power is removed from it.

77
Q

What are two disadvantages of SRAM.

A

Two disadvantages of SRAM are power consumption and heat.

78
Q

What are the two basic types of RAM technology?

A

Two basic types of RAM technology are Static Ram and Dynamic RAM.

79
Q

What two operations does the memory controller provide for the processor?

A

Two operations the memory controller provides are read and write.

80
Q

What design choice usually put the most significant limitation on memory size?

A

The processor binds the size of address.

81
Q

What is a pointer?

A

A pointer is a variable that contains a memory address.

82
Q

What is interleaving?

A

Interleaving is seperating contiguous data byts among several underlying memory units.

83
Q

What is virtual memory.

A

Virtual memory is a mechanism that hides the underlying memory hardware to provide a simple way to use memory.

84
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Segmentation is dividing programs into variable sized blocks, that are stored in external memory until they are needed.

85
Q

In demand paging, what is the event called when a program references a page not in memory?

A

A reference to a missing page is a pagefault.

86
Q

In demand paging systems, what does the resident bit indicate?

A

The resident bit indicates that the page is in memory.

87
Q

With regard to arrays, what is row major order?

A

Row major order takes each row in the array, and places it into memory.

Comp. Org. Arch. (2 decks)

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