[FINAL] Concepts to know Flashcards
Diatomic molecules
Only exist in pairs:
Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I)
Which of the following represents formulas of ionic compounds?
(i) (NH4)3PO4 (ii) HMnO4 (iii) P2O5 (iv) CuSO3 (v) PbCl4
A: (i) only B: (ii) and (iii) C: (i) and (iii) D: (iv) and (v) E: (i), (iv) and (v)
E; (i), (iv) and (v)
sample question test 1
If a metal cation forms M3PO4 with a phosphate anion, what is the formula unit of the compound it forms with a hydroxide ion?
A: M(OH)4 B: M(OH)3 C: M(OH)2 D: MOH E: M2OH
D; MOH
sample question test 1
How many of the following formulas are correctly matched with chemical names?
(i) MgHPO4 - magnesium dihydrogen phosphate
(ii) (NH4)2CO3 - ammonium carbonate
(iii) HBrO2 - Bromous acid
(iv) P2O5 - diphosphorous pentoxide
(v) Sn(CrO4)2 - tin(II) chromate
A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 E: 5
C; 3
sample question test 1
Which of the ions is not likely to exist?
A: RB^+ B: Ba ^2+ C: P^3- D: Pb^4+ E: I^2-
E; I^2-
sample question test 1
Cations
Fewer electrons, positive charge, main group metals.
Anions
More electrons, negative charge, no metals.
7 Strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4
Strong bases
metal hydroxides of group 1A and 2A
In endothermic reactions, heat is _____ and the sign of delta H is ____
absorbed, positive
In exothermic reactions, heat is _____ and the sign of delta H is ____
released, negative
Is energy emitted or absorbed?
from n=2 to n=5
absorbed, from closer to further
Is energy emitted or absorbed?
from an orbit of radius 9.5 A to 4.5 A
emitted, from far to close
Is energy emitted or absorbed?
from n=6 to n=1
emitted, from far to close
Who does the screening in terms of electrons?
Core electrons screen valence electrons
The higher the L, the further from the…
Nucleus
Which penetrate better S electrons or P?
S
As L goes up, screening goes…, and penetration goes…
Screening goes up, penetration goes down
The trend of increasing atomic radius is…
From right to left and down
The trend of ionization energy is…
Increasing from up and to the right
Cations are… Than their parent atoms
Smaller
Anions are….. Than their parent atoms
Larger
In isoelectronic ions, what will have the highest attraction and the lowest radius
The ion with the most protons will be the smallest
The blank the ions… And the… Their ionic charges, the stronger the ionic bonds. What does this reference?
Smaller the ions and higher their ionic charges. Lattice energy
Electronegativity will… As you go… And to the… Of the periodic table
Increase, up, right
The least electronegativity atom serves as the… Atom in a Lewis dot structure
central
What elements can expand their octet?
3rd and higher period
As the number of bonds increases what happens?
- bond length decreases
- bond strength increases
- bond distance decreases
2 electron domains
180’ degrees
Linear
3 electron domains
120 degrees
trigonal planar
4 electron domains
109.5 degrees
tetrahedral
5 electron domains
180, 120, 90 degrees
trigonal bipyramidal
6 electron domains
180, 90 degrees
octahedral
trigonal planar, 1 lone pair
bent
tetrahedral, 1 lone pair
trigonal pyramidal
tetrahedral, 2 lone pairs
bent
trigonal bipyramidal, 1 lone pair
seesaw
trigonal bipyramidal, 2 lone pairs
T-shaped
trigonal bipyramidal, 3 lone pairs
linear
Octahedral, 1 lone pair
square pyramidal
Octahedral, 2 lone pairs
square planar
1 atm= ? Pa
101325 Pa
1 atm= ? mmHg and torr
760
1 atm= ? bar
1.01325 bar
If there are three molecules connected to a central atom, and one is more electronegative than the other two, what would the distance be between each atom
the more electronegative atom will have a greater angle and the two atoms of the same molecule will be pushed closer
lighter atoms move (faster or slower)?
faster
The kinetic- molecular theory predicts that pressure rises as the temperature of a gas increases because____
The gas molecules collide more frequently with the wall
Which of the following describes gases?
(i) they are compressible
(ii) they diffuse into each other
(iii) they effuse through small openings
(iv) they elastically collide with each other
A: (i) B: (ii) and (iii) C: (i) and (iv) D: (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) E: (ii), (iii) and (iv)
D; all
Which intermolecular forces are present between molecules of formaldehyde, HCHO?
A: London- Dispersion forces only
B: diploe-dipole forces only
C: London- Dispersion forces and diploe-dipole forces only
D: London-dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding only
E: all
C; london- dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces
