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Physics 3 > Final-chapter 21-23 > Flashcards

Final-chapter 21-23 Flashcards

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0
Q

Enhancement artifacts appear as a ______

A

Hyperechoic region

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1
Q

Shadows appear when attenuation is too _____?

A

High

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2
Q

Structures with equal echo brightness are described as?

A

Isoechoic

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3
Q

Focal enhancement is a special form of enchantment in which a ______ region of an image appears brighter than tissue at other depths

A

Side-to-side

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a medium that produces comet tail artifacts?

A

Strong reflectors, closely spaced, high propagation speed

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5
Q

When enhancement occurs, where does it appear on the image?

A

Deeper than a weak attenuator

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6
Q

What is the noise resulting from the constructive and destructive interference of small sound wavelets?

A

Acoustic speckle

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7
Q

True or false

Spatial resolution is related to the overall detail in an image

A

True

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8
Q

Portions of an image that are not as bright as surrounding tissues are

A

Hypoechoic

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9
Q

Characteristics of reverberation are

A

Appear in multiples

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10
Q

Which artifacts is created when closely spaced reverberations merge

A

Comet tail

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11
Q

On a mirror image artifact, does the artifact appear DEEPER or SHALLOWER than the true reflector?

A

Deeper

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12
Q

Focal banding has the same appearance as an

A

Incorrect TGC setting

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13
Q

True or false

High pixel density declines spatial resolution

A

False

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14
Q

If an ultrasound pulse travels through a large mass in the body at a speed of 1.2 mm/us, what happens to the position of all echoes produced from reflectors shallower than the mass?

A

They are likely to be placed at the correct depth

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15
Q

What types of artifact causes a reflection to be placed at an incorrect depth?

A

Range ambiguity

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16
Q

Grating lobes are most common with which type of transducer technology?

A

Linear arrays

17
Q

Two small cysts, positioned perpendicular to the main axis of a sound beam, are 2.4 mm apart. What determines weather they appear as two distinct images on the systems display?

A

Beam width

18
Q

True or false
Artifacts are likely to appear when the dimensions of the sound beam area are larger than the dimensions of the reflectors in the body

A

True

19
Q

True or false
All artifacts are errors in imaging that do not represent the true anatomy of the imaged organ. Therefore, they are all undesirable and should be eliminated if possible

A

False

20
Q

Who is responsible for implementing a quality assurance action plan?

A

Sonographer

21
Q

True or false

Flow phantoms are the devices of choice for evaluating soft tissue?

A

False

22
Q

Two forms of sensitivity are

A

Normal and maximum

23
Q

An acoustic standoff may be used to image

A

Superficial structures

24
Q

Axial resolution is evaluated by scanning

A

Sets of successively closer spaced pins

25
Q

Quality assurance is the routine evaluation of an ultrasound system to guarantee optimal image quality. This should be preformed ______

A

Periodically

26
Q

There are 4 requirements for a quality assurance program. One of the requirements are:

A

Repairs

27
Q

A proper method for the quality assurance program is

A

Image in an identical environment

28
Q

The tissue equivalent phantom will contain which structures

A

Nylon strings, structures that mimic hollow cysts

29
Q

True or false

Normal sensitivity should vary from one routine evaluation to the next

A

False

30
Q

Which frequency transducers have a thinner dead zone?

A

Higher

31
Q

The accuracy of reflector depth positioning in A-mode, M-mode, B-mode, and 2-D imaging is called

A

Depth calibration

32
Q

The patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will, is

A

Informed consent

33
Q

Informed consent generally includes the following:

A

Risks, benefits, and uncertainties related to each alternative

34
Q

When can a patient withdraw consent for the procedure?

A

At any time

35
Q

What should the sonographer do when first meeting the patient?

A

Introduce yourself

36
Q

True or false
As a sonographer, you have the right to tell the patient what you think their exam findings are before the dr comes into the room

A

False

37
Q

True or false
It is best to continue scanning the same type of studies all day and to also add as many patients into the schedule for the best ergonomics on the sonographer

A

False

38
Q

True or false
Gloves should only be worn when you know that you will be handling blood from someone who has something like HIV. You will only need to wash your hands after you scan 5 patients or if you get them dirty

A

False

39
Q

True or false

Workers should not engage in tasks or activities that will potentially put them at risk of exposure of being harmed

A

True

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