Final Ch.6 Flashcards
In class students defined this as:
those ides as we hold and view as valid, binding core beliefs.
Here are some ideas that state and are related to this term:
Traditional, Monogamous, heterosexual, Love, cooperation, cohesiveness, loyalty
Family values
Who and who’s family does the Kimmel (2013) refer to when describing the “dysfunctionality” of a family?
Sara Palin, daughter Bristol, BF, and his mother
In what century did Kimmel (2013) refer to the “father being so dedicated to work they were becoming absentee landlords at home.”
19th century
For “over a century” we have been debating about whether of not the
family is in a crisis
At this time they stated that if women entered the workplace or got to vote the family would “collapse”
19th century
What has happened to marriage rates?
Less than ___% of AMerican women aged 35-44 were legally marries in 2010; the marriage rate that years was__ _____ in 40 years!
Marriage rates have consistently DECLINED
62.5%
the lowest
Today, Married people seem ____ ____ then they did a generation ago.
Why?
less happy
b/c we are more ISOLATED, have fewer close confidants and friends, and have little social support for family life
What has increased dramatically in the past 2 decades from 1.1 million in 1977 to 7.5 million in 2010
Cohabitation
40% of _____ marriages end in divorce 60% of those marriages ______ _______.
1st marriages,
involve children
one third of all births are ______.
to unmarried people
22% of children…
live without their biological fathers
Children who are raised by only one parent …
are more likely to commit crome, drop out of school, have lower grades, and have emotional problems
_____ feels like the most fragile of social institutions, it is also among the most _____.
Family
Resilient
the ______ ______ continues to adapt to changing circumstances
family form
The proportion of ______ who remain single all there lives is actually lower today than it was at the start if our century
women
The fact that almost half of all marriages in the US are remarriages indicates what?
the continued belief in the institution of marriage
based on today’s nuclear family, what is this crisis associated with family linked primarily to?
“misplaced nostalgia”
A romanticized notion that the family form of the 1950’s (the era of many of the debater’s adolescence) is a timeless trope that all family forms ought to emulate.
“Misplaced Nostalgia”
In the 1960s anthropologist Raymond Birdwhistell labeled misplaced nostalgia the
“sentimental model”
often our description of the family conform more to____________ than to out actual experiences
this mythic model
This as launched by the women’s movement in the 1960s gave working women a political peg upon which to hang their aspirations and longings
“Feminine Mystique”
The assumption that women achieve greatest achievement from motherhood. They must be very involved in the child’s lives and provide for there emotional needs, provide a safe haven for lives difficultly, devotion to children is good.
The motherhood mystique
Issues for women to reconcile this mystique with societal expectations to earn money
mommy wars
what are the 3 basic type of revolutionary men?
stalled revolution fathers
rebels
involved fathers
This type of man takes breadwinning position, maintains authority in household (traditional roles)
Stalled revolution fathers
these men want to maintain anatomy by avoiding parenthood, if they have kids they are detached and want to maintain individualism
Rebels
These men try to integrate work and parenting and lose self-personal time and leisure
The involved father
according to the PEW report: how many men feel like they spend; too little time w/children? just right amount of time w/children? too much time w/children?
46
50
3
According to the PEW report: how many women feel like they spend; too little time w/children? just right amount of time with children? Too much time w/children?
23
68
8
How dual income cols divide their time: (18-65 marr., living with partner,full-time/part-time children in household) MEN Paid work? Housework? Child care? all three combined?
M: 42 (1) 9 (2) 7 (3) 58<---
most is Paid work, second is housework, Last children
How dual income cols divide their time: (18-65 marr., living with partner,full-time/part-time children in household) WOMEN Paid work? Housework? Child care? all three combined?
After looking at both men and women states, what doe this info. suggest?
WMN: 31 (1) 16 (2) 12 (3) 59
A package of policies provided either voluntarily by employers as part of collective bargaining agreements of provided as stationary benefits, that facilitate the recondition of work and family life
Family-Freindly workplace policies
Job protected leaves from employment to fathers for many of the same purposes as maternity and parental leaves but esp. for reasons of gender equity
Paternity leaves
A payment to families for each child they have, regardless of income or whether the mother is employed of not
Child allowance
The failure to invest in_______ can lead to ________ loss of productivity, shortages in need skills, high health care costs, growing prison costs, & a nation that will be less safe, less caring, and less free
Children
Economic efficiency
housework ______ for women and _______ for men after marriage
Women receive _____ form other networks
Men receive _______ from other networks
emotional needs
instrumental pleasures
sociologist say that working women become tired and unhappy b/c of ____________
second shift
the transformation of AM. life promised by women/s entry into the labor force is a_____________________
stalled revolution
this depends on mens changes in men’s attitude and behaviors
stalled revolution
Pat Mainardi argued that the separation of spheres that defined the traditional family and made housework “women’s work” was a reflection of male domination
“the personal is political”
a split shift arrangement w/one’s spouse which is negotiated by about 1/4 of all work in the US and by 1/3 of all workers with children under 5
informal flex-time
fathers fear being seen by there colleagues and m=bosses as less ;committed to their careers and fear being placed on this
daddy track
what does research show, these individuals have less opportunity has less opportunity to stay away from what role than the other gender does
Fathers masculine role than women and their feminine roles
________ reinforces gender inequalities
work policies
________ mothers are the sole breadwinners of family
4 in 10
Buding and England found that women are facing the ______________ Penalty at work
Motherhood
Why are women facing the motherhood penalty
- discrimination by employers (hence, the motherhood mystique all women want to have children)
- employers assume mothers wil be less present
- less productivity bc distracted by children
- woman are assumed to leave after they have the child (salary differential)
Why do women leave the work place more often?
- lack of balance and strain bw the family
- day care issues
The meaning of marriage over time has changed, what are the 4 ways marriage has been defined throughout time?
- Early 19th cent of overture= husband and wife=1 person in law
- union b/w 2 separate but equal individuals who have diff. rights and responsibilities to each other marr. is shared partnership in which born spouses, should have equal overlapping responsibilities for economy, household, and children tasks
- now we are trying to redefine things=sam-sex marriage
prior to 1993-
women could not be rapped by their household
Today the family is less the “haven in a heartless world” of nostalgic sentimentalism and more the ______ of the contradictory pressures from the world outside
SHock Absorber
a normative idea when is was invented, has never been the reality for all am., it represents the last outpost of a traditional gender relations- gender diff. created through gender inequality
traditional families
what did the decades following the civil war do?
reinforce early family trends
In the 18th cent there was world wars and ____________
industrialization
what did Theodore Roosevelt hold in 1909
white House Conference on CHildren
what changed the dynamics of the family during WWI, which was a normative idea when it was invented
men had to go to war and women had to go oto work
Mid 19th cent. men experienced the separation of spheres in 2 ways:
- paid work shifted from home and farm to mill and office
2. men’s share of the work around the home was gradually industrialized and eliminated
what “liberated” men to exit the homes and leave the rearing of their children to their wives?
separation of spheres that was happening the mid-19th cent.
Women’s work during the separation or spheres was conceptualized as a
“God-given mission”
catherince beecher and harriet Beecher (1869) wrote about separation of spheres in a passage stating 4 things:
Man who are head and chief
by force of physical power
according to christian law
wife is to obey
what ideology actually represented a historical decline in women’s status
separation of spheres
Historian Gerda Lerner argues that women were excluded from this which meant mobility-geographica, social, economic, and women were imprisoned in the home by this ideology
feminine domesticity
Certain things that would keep this feminine domesticity in place were
rhapsody poetry
religious sermons
blacks had=______ who took care of there children (aunts, grandmothers, neighbors)
“other-mothers”
Why did Theodore Roosevelt hold a COnference on CHildren (1909), what did he believe man and native women should do?
men to become more active fathers and women needed to have more children
Roosevelt said that if men and women did not do their part when it came to family then they would conduct
Race Suicide
What did Roosavelt believe was the primary prob in the lives of children and who’s obligation was it to help?
poverty esp those of widowed mothers
govt
Roos. advocated to who? giving them money which had been certain as capable of not providing decent care to their children if only they had a little more cash in their pocket books?
single mothers
The _______________ provided the foundation for virtual perpetual crisis of the family throughout the_________________
separation of spheres
20th cent.
What disrupted the separation of Spheres that was instilled and full blown in the 20th cent
WWII
What made single-family suburban home ownership a reality for an increasing number of AM. families, also stabilizing the aberrant family form : “nuclear family”
GI Bill
what is the first socialization we are born into?
Family
This massive infusions of public expedentures to shore up the nuclear family ideal-breadwinning husbands, housewives, and their children was accompanied by
a dramatic increase in mar. rates and
sharp decline in ages of 1st marr.
Are we still keeping with the 20th cent today?
Yes
1945-1960= (marriage)
young men and women married early
1950’s pattern of fam life
high rates of marr., high fert., low and stable rates of divorce
________argued that the isolated suburban fam. w/distinct separation of spheres, served the needs of both ___________
Structural-funtionalsit
children and society
The family system required both ________and _______ components to function appropriately
How could this be accomplished?
expressive (female) and instrumental (male)
Houswives and breadwinning husbands
What was the ideology of the baby boom era? (the domestic paradise)
breadwinner husband and stay at home houeswife
when it cam to the family how did men and women feel
frustrated and unhappy with the “natural” family norm
Betty Friedan (1963) “THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE” called the suburban home a
“comfortable concentration camp”
a warm respite from the cold competitive world of the economic and political life the family has never been world apart
“private” sphere
org. family life as well as economic life expressing an idealized view of what the family is and should be
“family wage”
Mid-18th cent, parental authority was still core of the “——————-“ a new morality of “——————” led to an ideal of warmer and more intimate relationships b/w husbands and wives and b/w parents and children
well-ordered family
affective individuals
marriage was regarded as the _________________ rather than “union of two lineages”
union of individuals
18th cent women had more freedom than there European Counterparts (T/F)
T
in the 18th cent the families were less like a ———– and more like a ———–
miniature monarchy and commonwealth
This was based on the 18th cent when families worked together as participants in a common enterprise
little commonwealth
PEW report:
__________ agreed that sharing household chores was the 3rd most important ingredient compared to 47% in 1990
76% in 2007
in 2010 man and women; married, childless, full-time working, had combined daily totals of paid and unpaid work and found that they
were almost exactly the same ~8hrs.
Why is there a fatherhood conflict
less flexible hours and never anticipated having so much domestic responsibilities
Breadwinner fathers + involved fathers =
CONFLICT :/
Britain study in 2010 found that fathers who shared housework and child care = high levels of
marriage satisfaction, life satisfaction, and least stress
Mothers spend ——more time w/ children (kinder-fourthgrade and dad’s share of child care—— as children —— ——-
father= 5.5 hrs/wk
mathers= 20 hrs/wk
this equals a
50%
increases as children get older
350% difference
families and work institutes: 1995 —–of 460 men rather be home caring for their families
21%
less than half (low)
w/out a —————- to assist working women and men to balance work and family obligations, we cont to put enormous strains on 2 sets of boards:
which results in the guarantee of
concentrated national policy
husbands and wives
children and family
the crisis continuing
stem from the strain felt by individual families as they negotiate the increased pressure of sustaining dual career couples and dividing house work and child care in the absence of help from the outside
constructed problems
These problems are the result of gender inequality in both the home and the work place
constructed problems
In the 1950s how was the govt in the community and extended kinship networks?
they had sustained the family life and had created an infrastructure that supported and sustained the family life
Day care probs:
is there a neg. for children going to daycare?
TF the overall prob of daycare:
there is no national funding
the cost of daycare is high
NO
whether women should be working outside the home
what is the class based contradiction when it comes to working middle class mother and working lower class mothers (minority)
Poor mothers have to go to work w/in two yrs and middle class mothers are encouraged to stay home!
what is the solution to the daycare prob?
social and political
women should be working outside of the home
you should have children when you are not to young and not to old but just right, this is called the
goldilocks mentality
the problem of teenage motherhood is:
women sexual agency
young girls sexual victimization of men
shotgun weddings
are forced hurried weddings usually bc the bride e is prego
In Am. these have increased 600% in the past 3 decades
out-of-wedlock births
David Blankenhorn claims that the US is moving towards a ========, which means
post-marriage society where marr. is no longer a dominant institute
this is defined as women representing a dispropriate %s of the world’s poor
Feminization of pverty
the refusal of fathers to provide economically fro there children
Masculinization of responsibility
crimerate an dfatherlessness are both products of
pverty
According to Blankenhorn and other the involved father is ==== instead states the —–does no have to do any——
selfish
real
real parenting
around ==== of all marr. end in ====
1/2
divorce
we like marriage so much that many of us ail do it 2,3,+ times is called
the good divorce
divorce is linked to—- and the real prob of gender inequality
fatherlessness
why is divorced linked to gender inequality?
bc div. undermines mens power over women and reduced inequality in the fan.
Divorce effect men——- and women——-
m: emotional and psychological
wmn: material and financial
the counter intuitive difference;
involved father disappear and uninvolved father become more involved
Divorce= –% of marr end in div. and –% have children
40% and 60%
—–are 2 to 5 times more likely to initiate div.
wmn
when div. occurs –% of children go to the mother
83%
what decreases for women when divorce happens?
wmn social satus and income
div. fathers tend to find what when negotiating with their ex
tension
Under tension of div. what are the 3 cat. men usually fall into:
Traditionalist
neotraditionalist
innovators
these types of fathers in divorce define the wife as the enemy, have limited contact with the ex and child
traditionalist
These type of father in div. are angry w/ex but stay active with the child
neotraditionalist
flexable, cooperative, and set aside anger to focus in shared responsibilities
innovators
this clause of the US Constitution, requires one state to recognize contracts concluded in another state, such as those relating to marriage, voting, education, or driving.
“full faith and credit”
Defense of Marriage Act
is a law passed in 1996 that allows states to refuse same-sex marriage in that state
marriage b/w 2 separate individuals of the same sex/gender
gay marriage
in the US, slightly more than 33% of workers at companies w/more than one hundred employees get unpaid —— and although 83% of all working men say that they feel the need to share the responsibilities of parenting, only 18% of all such corporations actually offer parental leave to men and only 9% of all companies do.
maternity leave
