Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSC 401 > Final (Ch. 13-26) > Flashcards

Final (Ch. 13-26) Flashcards

1
Q

Sills

A

Ridges that act as barriers to the distribution of deep water fishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary Fresh water fish

A

Strictly confined to fresh water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary fresh water fish

A

Move between salt and fresh water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gonochoristic

A

Hardwired for one sex by chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCR

A

Requires DNA primers (20 nucleotides long) to make millions of copies of a DNA sequence in a few hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oviparous

A

Egg laying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vivaporous

A

live bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sneaker males

A

Do not maintain a nest but sneak sperm into other nests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Principle of Convergence

A

The stronger the selection pressures, the more similar unrelated animals will appear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Photophores

A

Fishes with light emitting organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protandrous Hermaphrodites

A

Individual first matures as a male then to female.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Illicium

A

Elongate dorsal spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Upwelling

A

Convergence of major currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pharyngeal basket

A

Densely packed gill rakers that filter particles out of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Estivation

A

Adults pass dry season by entering a resting state (hibernation-ish).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regressive evolution

A

Organs that may have been useful to ancestors but are gradually lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Shoaling

A

Unorganized swimming groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schooling

A

Polarized, organized swimming groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Active search

A

Locomotion while the predator scans the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Protective resemblance

A

Hiding from predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aggressive resemblance

A

Waiting to prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Apparent size hypothesis

A

Small prey appear larger at shorter distances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pursuit

A

Places a predator close enough to attack prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cursorial predators

A

Chasing predators capable of high-speed sustained chases of rapidly swimming prey.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lurking predator

A

Lie in wait, swim above the bottom and rely on fast-start performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Aggressive mimicry

A

Prey not recognizing the predator until it is too late to flee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Death feigning

A

Scavengers investigate a body that erupts and kills (play-dead tactic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Split-Head Color Pattern

A

Dark or light line that contrasts with general body coloration runs from the tip of the snout along the midline between the eyes to the top of the head or dorsal fin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Disruptive coloring

A

Dividing the head into halves and disrupting its outline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cooperative feeding

A

Some form of coordinated herding or driving of prey by circling or advancing predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Post-capture manipulation

A

Handling to subdue prey and make it ingestible and digestible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ratio of Benefits to Costs

A

Benefits include the calories and nutrients ingested and costs include energy used up, time lost, or exposure to parasites/predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Protective Resemblance

A

Appearing un-fishlike through photo-contrast reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Upwelling light

A

Light photons that have passed down and then back up again through the water column and is the weakest component.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Counter-shaded fishes

A

Grade from dark on top to light on bottom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Predator Inspection Visits

A

Members of prey group move away from the shoal, approach the predator, and then return.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Mobbing

A

Several prey species actually attack potential predators and drive them from the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Skittering

A

Individual accelerate rapidly, rises in the water column, then quickly rejoins the group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Protean Behavior

A

: Quick, uncoordinated up-and-down movements by several adjacent individuals just prior to resumption of polarized schooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Roll and Flash

A

Occurs when an individual rotates on its long body axis and reflects bright sunlight; it then returns to a normal upright position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Breeding System

A

Includes frequency of mating, number of partners, and gender role of average individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Iteroparous

A

Spawn more than once during their lifetime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Semelparous

A

Spawn one time then die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Monogamy

A

Couples mating exclusively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Polygamy

A

Non-exclusive mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Polyandry

A

Multiple males mating with single female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Polygyny

A

Multiple females mating with a single male

48
Q

Harem Formation

A

Male has exclusive breeding rights to a number of females that he may guard.

49
Q

Leks

A

Traditional areas where several males congregate for the sole purpose of displaying to females.

50
Q

Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

A

Capable of releasing viable eggs or sperm during the same spawning.

51
Q

Sequential Hermaphrodites

A

Function as males during one life phase and females in another.

52
Q

Protandrous

A

Develop first as males then as females

53
Q

Protogynous

A

Develop first as females then as males

54
Q

Parthenogenic

A

All-female but require the sperm from males of other species to activate cell division in their eggs.

55
Q

Courtship

A

Series of behavioral actions performed by one or both members of a mating pair just prior to spawning.

56
Q

Water column spawners

A

Rush upward and release their gametes at the top of the rush, sometimes near the surface.

57
Q

Spawning Stupor

A

When in a spawning aggregation or mode, species normally are more difficult to approach or are very active instead move slowly.

58
Q

Matrophy

A

Transfer of nutrients directly from mother to developing young.

59
Q

Nest and egg usurpation

A

Raid other males’ nests, steal eggs, and deposit these eggs in their own nests.

60
Q

Brood piracy

A

Large male may usurp the nest of another male, spawn, then abandon the nest to be guarded by the original territory holder

61
Q

Brood parasitism

A

One species spawns in a nest constructed by and guarded by another species.

62
Q

Cooperative breeding

A

Non-parental caregivers remain with the parents and feed/defend new young or territory.

63
Q

Static coloration

A

Identification badge that informs about the species, sex, reproductive condition, or age of the fish.

64
Q

Hue

A

Wavelength mixtures

65
Q

Saturation

A

Wavelength purity

66
Q

Brightness

A

light intensity

67
Q

Agonistic

A

Aggressive and submissive activities

68
Q

Fast Repetitive Ticks (FRTs)

A

Trains of pulsed sounds for communication

69
Q

eod

A

Weak electrical signals discharged by fish

70
Q

jar

A

Fish avoid jamming by shifting their EOD frequency away from that of nearby conspecifics.

71
Q

linear hierarchy

A

Alpha male dominates all others; a beta male is subordinate but dominates lower ranked individuals.

72
Q

despotic hierarchy

A

Single individual, the despot, is dominant over all others and all subordinates are equally ranked.

73
Q

colonial fishes

A

Form stationary aggregations.

74
Q

Inquilinism/Endoecism

A

Fishes seek shelter inside living invertebrates.

75
Q

Heterospecific Shoals

A

Fish aggregations that contain members of more than one species.

76
Q

diel

A

Daily periodicity of the earth’s rotation that creates a predictable pattern of light and darkness.

77
Q

diurnal

A

Feed during the day  Use cones to see

78
Q

nocturnal

A

Feed by night  Use rods to see

79
Q

Crepuscular

A

Feed in periods of twilight.

80
Q

Semidiurnal Tidal Regime

A

Involves two high tides and two low tides each day

81
Q

visiting species

A

Migrate in and out with the tides

82
Q

resident species

A

Remain in the intertidal zone at low tide and hide in areas insulated from complete desiccation.

83
Q

recrudescence

A

Resumption of gametogenic activity

84
Q

predictive cues

A

General periodic environmental events that a fish can use to predict that the spawning season is approaching.

85
Q

synchronizing cues

A

Signal the arrival of spawning conditions

86
Q

terminating cues

A

Signal the end of spawning conditions

87
Q

diadromous

A

Between two places

88
Q

anadromous

A

Spend most time in ocean but may go to fresh water to spawn

89
Q

catadromous

A

Spend most time in fresh water but go to ocean to spawn

90
Q

Amphidromous

A

Move between marine and fresh water at certain phases of their lives

91
Q

Oceanodromous

A

Migrate within ocean basins usually in a circuit and travelling with major ocean currents.

92
Q

Life history

A

How an individual divides up its time and resources among the often conflicting demands associated with maintenance, growth, reproduction, mortality, and migration.

93
Q

traits

A

Measurable aspects of an individual’s life history.

94
Q

Early versus Late Maturation

A

The trade-off depending on the probability of successful reproduction versus the risk of death.

95
Q

fecundity

A

Amount of offspring

96
Q

reproductive allottment

A

The percentage of a female’s weight devoted to eggs or embryos.

97
Q

recruitment

A

Addition to the population through reproduction.

98
Q

colonization

A

Addition by movement of established individuals between habitats.

99
Q

annual turnover

A

Ratio of production to biomass

100
Q

Panmictic Spawning

A

The entire species consists of only one population

101
Q

Ecophenotypic

A

Not resulting from environmental influences experienced by different individuals.

102
Q

species isolating mechanisms

A

Which are usually anatomical or behavioral traits that keep individuals of different species from breeding with one another.

103
Q

assemblage structure

A

The number of individuals, species, and families, and the predator-prey interactions and other trophic relationships between fishes.

104
Q

palindromic

A

Swim backwards and forwards with equal facility

105
Q

competitive displacement

A

Competition has been historically reduced via evolutionary adjustments.

106
Q

watershed

A

The land from which water flows into a series of streams and eventually into a lake or river.

107
Q

landscapre/riverscape

A

Interactions and linkages among ecosystems and the influence of human activities on these interactions.

108
Q

browsing

A

Removing parts of the plant on which the fish is feeding

109
Q

Grazing

A

Biting the plant off at the substrate and taking in some of the substrate itself.

110
Q

Macrophytes

A

Rooted aquatic plants

111
Q

Periphyton

A

Algal covering on rocks

112
Q

suspension feeding

A

Pump water into the mouth and out gill openings to filter out different sized prey.

113
Q

eutrophication

A

Excessive nutrient input (like fertilizers) that lead to blooms of undesirable phytoplankton.

114
Q

extirpation

A

Localized extinction

115
Q

channelization

A

Straightening a riverine system and smoothing its sides

116
Q

Introgression

A

Crossing of hybrid offspring with parental genotypes

117
Q

Commercial Extinction

A

Once abundant fishes that no longer support significant fisheries

BSC 401 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions