Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSC 401 > Ch. 1-6 > Flashcards

Ch. 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for Photosynthesis:

A

H2O + CO2 + LIGHT –> C6H12O2 + H2O + O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Equation for oxidative phosphorylation:

A

O2 + H2O + C6H12O2 –> H2O + CO2 + ENERGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Synapomorphy

A

Shared, derived characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Taxonomy vs Systematics

A

Taxonomy: Descriptive, classification system

Systematics: Study of relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Merisitic characters

A

Correspond to body segments you can count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morphometric characters

A

Correspond to measurable structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Placoid scales

A

Hard covering like enamel

Teeth in sharks are modified placoid scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cosmoid scales

A

Extinct (Similar to placoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ganoid scales

A

Most primitive, modified cosmoid scales (gars and coelacanths)…reduced flexibility but very tough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cycloid scales

A

Almost completely dermal (little enamel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

White muscle

A
  • Low myoglobin
  • Most of post-cranial body
  • Low efficiency
  • Poorly vascularized
  • Burst swimming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Red muscle

A
  • High myoglobin
  • Thin sheets under skin
  • High efficiency
  • Sustained swimming
  • Highly vascularized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pseudobranch

A

(Under operculum) Provide oxygenated blood to visual system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Period of time used to pay off debt accumulated during period of insufficient oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxygen content of water vs. air

A

Water: Less than 1%
Air: More than 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aquatic Surface Respiration (ASR)

A

More oxygen at top of body of water…organisms swim to top to respire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gill pumping

A

Pump water across gills by increasing/decreasing volume of buccal chamber and opercular chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ram ventilation

A

Keeping mouth open while swimming

19
Q

Salting Out Effect

A

Fresh water contains less oxygen because of low solubility of gases in water with increasing concentrations of salt.

20
Q

Four types of air breathing fish:

A
  1. Aquatic: Remain in water all the time
  2. Facultative: Only use gill respiration when necessary
  3. Obligate: Must have access to air or they drown
  4. Amphibious: Survive and remain active out of water
21
Q

Bohr Effect

A

Hemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen at high pH

22
Q

Standard metabolic rate

A

Metabolic rate of a fish while it is at rest and has no food in its gut

23
Q

Routine metabolic rate

A

Indicate that standard rate is made at normal activity levels

24
Q

Maximum metabolic rate

A

Fish is using oxygen as fast as it can be supplied

25
Q

Metabolic scope

A

Difference between standard and maximum rates

26
Q

Rete Mirabile

A

(Wonderful net) Bundle of capillaries that run countercurrent to one another.

Improves efficiency of gas gland by building up levels of diffusible gases in gland.

27
Q

The Energy Equation

A

C = E + R + P

C= Consumed
E= Energy excreted 
R= Energy used in respiration
P= Energy remaining for production
28
Q

Mechanoreception

A

Detection of movement of water

29
Q

Lateral line system and inner ear contain…

A

Sensory hair cells in bundles called neuromasts

30
Q

Cupula

A

Screens out background noise by controlling the little hairs

31
Q

Subdivisions of lateral line system:

A
  1. Superficial neuromasts: Free standing on skin/efficient in still water
  2. Canal neuromasts: Channels beneath scales/efficient in quick-moving water (or fish!)
32
Q

Pars superior

A

Portion of inner ear that maintains postural equilibrium and balance

33
Q

Dorsal Light Reflex

A

Utricle works in coordination with the detection of light from above the fish by the retina of the eyes which keeps the fish upright.

34
Q

Hearing specialists

A

Have mechanisms that transmit gas bladder vibrations to the inner ear for detection

(Otophysan fishes are largest group because of special Weberian ossicle bones in ear)

35
Q

Hearing generalists

A

Don’t have super cool mechanisms

36
Q

Fenstra ovalis

A

Connection sharks have that enhance hearing by directing sound of sensory area to inner ear

37
Q

Electroreception

A

Receptor cells used for detecting electricity are derived from hair cells of mechanoreception system

38
Q

Ampullary receptors

A

Sensitive to electric fields in low frequency.

Common in marine fishes.

Use for predator/prey detection and social interactions

39
Q

Tuberous receptors

A

Detect high frequency electric fields

Found in fish that produce their own electric field

Limited to freshwater fishes

40
Q

Jamming avoidance response (JAR)

A

Fish shift their EOD frequencies when they get near one another to prevent interference with ability to electrolocate

41
Q

EOD

A

Electric organ discharge..used for navigation, communication, defense and also sometimes for the incapacitation of prey

42
Q

Choroid gland

A

Maintains high oxygen levels in retina by receiving oxygenated blood from pseudobranch

43
Q

Chemoreception

A

Sense of smell (olfaction), sense of taste (gustation), and magnetic reception

44
Q

Physostomous fish

A

Able to gulp air…allows fish to live in low oxygenated areas

BSC 401 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions