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Principles of Ecology > Final Cards > Flashcards

Final Cards Flashcards

0
Q

Which element cycle has fewer steps than the others?

A

The phosphorus cycle

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1
Q

What adjective means “human made”?

A

anthropogenic

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2
Q

What is the name of the process in which one species increases the probability of a second one becoming established?

A

Facilitation

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3
Q

What is the incorporation of inorganic elements into the molecules of organisms called?

A

Assimilation

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4
Q

What kind of succession involves a sequence of damage and regeneration?

A

Cyclic succession

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5
Q

What is the total energy assimilated by photosynthesis called?

A

Gross primary production

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6
Q

Precipitation, the 3rd class of carbon cycling, only occurs in _________ systems.

A

aquatic

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7
Q

What term refers to the average time energy or materials spend in a certain compartment?

A

Residence time

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8
Q

What are the two processes that allow water to flux between surface waters and the atmosphere?

A

Evaporation and precipitation

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9
Q

What is the term for a species that is limited to small areas and found nowhere else?

A

Endemic species

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10
Q

The dying off of large numbers of species due to natural catastrophes.

A

Mass extinction

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11
Q

Energy from this drives the carbon cycle

A

The sun

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12
Q

Where most of Earth’s carbon is locked up.

A

Sedimentary rocks

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13
Q

This point is the level of light intensity above which the rate of photosynthesis no longer responds to increasing light intensity

A

Saturation point

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14
Q

What is the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate called?

A

Nitrification

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15
Q

Plants can take up nitrogen in the form of _________ ions.

A

Ammonium

16
Q

Who is the inventor of the compartment model for looking at the flow of elements through ecosystems?

A

Eugene Odum

17
Q

The smallest population of the species that can sustain itself through environmental variation

A

Minimum viable population (MVP)

18
Q

Oxidation is an energy-___________ transformation

A

energy-releasing

19
Q

The process in which most nitrogen enters the biological pathways of its cycle.

A

Fixation

20
Q

What is the most signification threat humans pose to biodiversity?

A

Habitat fragmentation and destruction

21
Q

Where are the areas of highest net productivity in the ocean?

A

Coral reefs and algae beds

22
Q

Define population.

A

A group of many organisms of the same species living together

23
Q

What do tadpoles do when they are housed with predators.

A

Reduce activity time, avoided side of aquarium with predators, and demonstrated reduced growth rate

24
Q

Gause’ experiment with Paramecium and Didinium resulted in:

A

The predator went extinct after consuming some prey, leaving the remaining prey to flourish

25
Q

What is a resource?

A

Any substance or factor consumed by organisms and used for maintenance and growth, and which supports population growth rates as its availability in the environment increases.

26
Q

What is a -/- type species interaction called?

A

Competition

27
Q

What is a +/0 types species interaction called?

A

Commensalism

28
Q

What is a -/0 type species interaction called?

A

Amensalism

29
Q

What type of species interactions do detritivores have?

A

Commensals

30
Q

What is aposematism?

A

The phenotypic display of warning colors to discourage predation

31
Q

What is Batesian mimicry?

A

The mimicry of aposematic colors by a palatable or non-dangerous organism

32
Q

What is Müllerian mimicry?

A

When unpalatable organisms come to resemble each other or more unpalatable organisms

33
Q

What is exploitation?

A

Indirect competition: one organism out competes the other by better utilizing the resource; also top-down trophic control

34
Q

What is trophic mutualism?

A

Two species benefitting from a food relationship

35
Q

What is defensive mutualism?

A

One species gains protection from predators, other species gains something else

36
Q

What is dispersive mutualism?

A

One species transports pollen, nectar, or seeds of another species in exchange for a reward

37
Q

What are the three main types of species interactions?

A

Consumer-resource interactions, competition, and mutualism

38
Q

What is the balance in a parasite-host interaction?

A

Balance between the host’s defenses and the parasite’s virulence

Principles of Ecology (15 decks)

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