Chapter 13: Population Genetics Flashcards
Which type of assortative mating reduces genetic variation?
Positive assortative mating
Which type of assortative mating increases genetic heterogeneity?
Negative assortative mating
Inbreeding would act as what type of assortative mating?
Positive assortative mating
What is inbreeding depression?
A decline in fitness due to the selection of close relatives as mates
Why does inbreeding produces offspring that survive less well?
Effects or deleterious, recessive alleles are more likely to be expresses, because homozygous recessive genotypes are more common than in populations where inbreeding isn’t occurring.
Is coalescence time longer in a large population or a small one?
Large population
What are some forms of kin recognition?
Major urinary proteins (MUPs), major histocompatibility complex (MHCs), and polyandry
What is identity by descent?
The probability that two alleles are identical copies inherited by a single ancestor
What is another name for ‘identity by descent’?
Coefficient of relationship
What is the inbreeding coefficient (F)?
The difference between the frequency of observed heterozygous and the value expected in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population
What sort of past history does reduces genetic variation indicate?
A past founder event
What balances loss of variation by genetic drift?
Mutation and migration/gene flow
What can arise from geographic variation?
The development of ecotypes
