Final-Breast/Venipuncture/Hair/Skin/Nails Flashcards
What are the risk factors for breast CA? lifestyle
2 or more alcoholic drinks/day Overweight Sedentary lifestyle Nulliparous Not breastfeeding Birth control Hormones (estrogen) after menopause Breast implants
Risk factors for breast CA you cannot change
Woman 55+ 5-10% BRCA1/BRCA2 Family history of breast CA Personal history of breast BA AA under 45, or white over 45 Dense breast tissue Early menstruation Menopause after 55 Radiation to your chest Exposure to DES
How often should females perform examinations
Monthly
3 patterns of breast palpation
Concentric circles: out-> in
Vertical strip pattern: outer edge—> in
Wedge pattern: nipple outward like spokes of a wheel
The D’Souza associated with potentially pathological breast changes
Discharge Depresssion/retraction Discoloration Dermatological changes Deviation to one side
Where is tourniquet placed
3-4 inches above site
Angle needle goes in during venipuncture
15-30 degrees
Where is needle inserted to in the vein
The lumen
When remove tourniquet
When last tube is filling
Layers of epidermis
Stratum corneum: protection and restrict water loss
Cellular stratum: synth of keratin
What layer of skin is avascular
Epidermis-outermost
What connects epidermis to dermis
BM
Very vascular layer of skin
Dermis
What separates epidermis from cutaneous adipose
Dermis
Functions of dermis
Resilience, strength, stability, sensory nerve fibers= sensation of pain, touch and temp
What layer of skin contains sensory nerve fibers and autonomic motor nerve (innervate BV, glands, are to pills)
Dermis
What layer of skin connects dermis to underlying organs
Hypodermics
What is the subcutaneous fat layer of skin
Hypodermis
Function of hypodermis
Heat
Insulation
Shock abs portion
Calorie reserve
Eccrine sweat glands
Open directly to skin surface to regulate body temp through water secretion
Where are eccrine glands absent
Lip margins, eardrums, nailbeds, inner prepuce and glans/penis
Apocrine sweat glands
White Odorless secretions due to emotional stimuli containing protein, carbs and more
Body odor produced when
Bacterial decomposition of apocrine sweat
Where are apocrine glands found
Axilla, nipples, aureoles, anogenital, eyelids, external ears
Sebaceous glands
Secrete sebum that’s lipids rich and prevents hair and skin from drying out
Stimulated by sex hormones (testosterones)
Vellus hair
Short, fine, soft, nonpigmented
“Peach fuz”
Terminal hair
Coarser, longer, thick pigmented
Ex: head
Hair formed by _____ cells that invaginate into _____ layers
Epidermal
Dermal
Nails created by ______ cells converted to ____ ____ of _____
Epidermal
Hard plates of keratin
What forms the cuticle
Stratum corneum layer covering root
Cuticle aka
Eponychium
Name of soft tissue surrounding nail boarder
Paronychium
What covers infant at birth
Vernix caseosa
Mixture of sebum and cornfield epidermis
Why are babies predisposed to hypothermia at birth
Subcutaneous fat poorly distributed
______ of stratum corneum may be present at birth of infant
Aka peeking
Desquamation
Lanugo
Fine, silky hair covering newborn—shoulders and back
Shed within 10-14 days
When is infant hair shed
2-3months of age
Replaced my new hair with diff color/text
Eccrine glands function after in infants?
1 month
Do apocrine glands function in infants?
No
When do apocrine glands enlarge and become active
Adolescent
Apocrine gland changes in adolescent
Increased sebum production due to hormones—androgen
Oily appearance and acne
Glands in pregnancy
Increased blood flow to skin due to increased capillaries and 40-50% increase in blood vol.
Increase in sweat and sebaceous glands (reduce heat due to increase metabolism)
Vascular spiders/hemangioma increase in size
Skin/CT changes in pregnancy
Skin thickens
+ fat in subdermal
CT fragile= separation —> striae
Skin darkening—> cholasma/Malasma “mask of pregnancy)
-nipples, umbilicals, aureoles axillae darken 90%
Cholasma/malasma
Mask of pregnancy due to darkening of skin
Older adults gland/skin changes
Sebaceous/sweat gland decrease
Epidermis thins-“parchment” appearance
Dermis less elastic—wrinkled
*lifetime of sun damage and Caucasian’s= early onset
Tissue in adults
Subcutaneous tissue decreases = “bony”
Hollow in thoracic, axillary, supraclavicular
Gray hair due to
Decreased melanocytes
Terminal scalp hair progressively transistors into vellus hair in who?
Elderly
In elderly hair changes
Terminal scalp hair goes to vellus hair
Balding
And vellus to terminal in nares and Travis of men
(CRAZY THICK ASS SHIT)
What is a nevus
Mole
Mc areas for nevus (mole)
Upper back: M
Legs: F
Turgor
Elasticity
Altered if dehydrated or edema
Fluid-filled lesions will transilluminate with what? Solid lesions with what?
Fluid filled= red glow
Solid=none
Hirsutism
Growth of terminal hair in a male distribution pattern on face, body, pubic
What may indicate poor circulation or nutritional deficit in regards to hair
Feet and toes for hair loss