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Biology Final!!!!! > Final Biology Review > Flashcards

Final Biology Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the steps of the scientific method

A

Observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, result, conclusion

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1
Q

What is the scientific method

A

A series of steps that followed it may help a scientist understand an observation

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2
Q

What is discovery science

A

Discovery science provides data that can be used to describe the natural world

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cell defined

A

Small, simple, no membrane enclosed organelle, first appeared three .5 billion years ago, not contained with in any cellular structure, Unicellular, bacteria and archea

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cell defined

A

Typically tend to 100 times larger, more structurally complex, has membrane enclosed organelle, involved approximately two .1 billion years ago, Houston membrane enclosed nucleus, unicellular or multicellular, plants, animals, fungus, protists

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5
Q

What is an atomic number? Where can it be found

A

And atomic number corresponds to the number of protons. It is found at the top

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6
Q

What does the atomic weight correspond to? Where can it be found?

A

The atomic weight corresponds to the number of protons plus neutrons. It is found at the bottom

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7
Q

What are the four main elements

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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8
Q

What is a trace element

A

Elements that are present and very tiny amounts, but cells cannot survive without them

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9
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

The transfer of one or more electrons from one Adam to another

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10
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

The sharing of one or more electrons between Adams

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11
Q

What is the pH scale

A

A way of measuring acidity

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12
Q

The pH scale runs from ________ most acidic to ______ most basic

A

0 to 14

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13
Q

The pH scale runs from most acetic to most acidic what is the neutral

A

Seven

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14
Q

Life defined

A

The property is that living things display

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15
Q

What are the properties of life 7

A

Reproduction, growth and development, energy use, order, evolution, response to the environment, cells

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16
Q

What are the levels of biological organization

A

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, Oregon, tissue, organ system, sell, organelle, molecule, Adam

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17
Q

Biosphere defined

A

Consists of all life on earth

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18
Q

Ecosystem defined

A

Includes all the living organisms and one particular area

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19
Q

Community defined

A

Consists of all the populations of organisms occupying an ecosystem

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20
Q

Population definef

A

A group of interacting individuals of one species

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21
Q

Organisms defined

A

Individual living being

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22
Q

Organ system to find

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a label body function

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23
Q

Organ defined

A

Consists of multiple tissue that cooperate to perform a specific task

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24
Q

Tissue defined

A

Is an integrated a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

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25
Q

Cells defined

A

Fundamental unit of life

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26
Q

Organelle defined

A

Consists of the cells that perform a specific function

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27
Q

Molecule define

A

Group of atoms bonded together

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28
Q

Adam defined

A

Fundamental unit of matter

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29
Q

Capsule defined

A

A sticky outer coat that surrounds the cell wall

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30
Q

Plasmids defined

A

Small rings of DNA that duplicate independently and can be exchanged among cells

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31
Q

Cytoplasm defined

A

The interior of the cell

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32
Q

Cell wall define

A

A rigid outer layer that protects the cell and provides shape

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33
Q

Plasma membrane defined

A

A thin layer of that regulates the passage of substances between the cell and the surroundings

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34
Q

pilus defined

A

Short projections that can attach to surfaces of other prokaryotes

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35
Q

Ribosomes defined

A

Small structures that build proteins using instructions encoded in DNA

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36
Q

Nucleoid defined

A

A nucleus like region where the DNA is coiled

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37
Q

Flagellum defined

A

A long cellular appendage that aids in movement

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38
Q

What are the unique structures of an idealized animal cell?

A

Lysosomes

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39
Q

What is the unique structures of an idealized plant cell? (4)

A

Chloroplast, cell walls, wall of adjoining cells, and central vacuole.

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40
Q

Lysosomes defined

A

A membrane enclosed a bubble of digestive enzymes that can break down and recycle foreign or worn-out cellular substances

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41
Q

Chloroplasts defined

A

Structures that convert light energy into food energy during the process of photosynthesis

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42
Q

Cell wall defined in plants

A

A rigid, protective layer made of cellulose that helps maintain the cell shape

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43
Q

Central vacuole defined

A

A storage it suck that holds a variety of substances

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44
Q

Mitochondria defined

A

Where the cell harvest energy from food molecules

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45
Q

Golgi apparatus defined

A

And organelle that receives, refines, and ships any Cellular Products

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46
Q

Vesicle defined

A

A membrane enclosed sack of that stores or transport material to the cytoplasm

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47
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The outer boundary of the cell, Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

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48
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers that provide support and AIDS in movement

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49
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double layer of membrane that regulates transport of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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50
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum ER

A

A manufacturing site for a wide variety of Cellular Products

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51
Q

The structure of the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer and fluid Mosaic

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52
Q

Fluid Mosaic

A

the diversity of proteins a float like icebergs in the phospholipids see

53
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Most of the proteins and it drift about in the plane of the membrane, causing the membrane to flex and undiluted.

54
Q

Passive transport

A

Occurs when a substance moves across a membrane from an area with hire concentration to an area of lower concentration

55
Q

What are the three types of passive transport

A

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

56
Q

Mitosis define

A

A process which produces genetically identical offspring cells with a full complement of chromosomes

57
Q

Meiosis defined

A

A type of cell division that produces gametes from cells in the gonads

58
Q

Meiosis has how many rounds of cell division

A

2

59
Q

________ produces genetically identical offspring cells with a full complement of chromosomes

A

Mitosis

60
Q

_________ producing genetically adequate gametes with half the number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

61
Q

Independent assortment

A

When chromosomes line up by Homologous pairs. Randomly assorted

62
Q

Crossing over

A

When the maternal and parental chromosomes swap pieces

63
Q

Gregor Mendels theory in genetics

A

Mandel determined that some discreet substances or passed from parent to offspring the door and reproduction and that these factors retained their individual identities from generation to generation

64
Q

Microevolution defined

A

The smallest a scale of evolution

65
Q

Domain defined

A

The broadest category of classification

66
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Binary fission

67
Q

Where do archaea live

A

In extreme conditions.

68
Q

Ecology defined

A

The scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and with that environment

69
Q

What is a biome

A

A type of ecological community that occupies a particular zone

70
Q

How is life defined

A

Through a series of characteristics

71
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

A

An atom

72
Q

Barr body defined

A

A dense body form from a deactivated X chromosome found in the nuclei of female mammalian cells

73
Q

Base pair to find

A

To DNA nucleotides, one from each polypeptide strand into DNA double helix, joined by hydrogen bonds. And DNA, the two types of base cares are a/T and C/G

74
Q

Binary fission

A

A meeting of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, devise of the two individuals a bout equal size

75
Q

Cancer defined

A

A malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

76
Q

A dense layer of polysaccharides or proteins that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotic cells and is sticky, protecting the cell and enabling him to adhere to structures or other cells is a

A

Capsule

77
Q

Cartilage

A

A type of connective tissue consisting of living cells in bedded in a rubbery matrix with collagen fibersis

78
Q

A fish that has a flexible skeleton made of cartilage is referred to as a

A

Cartilaginous fish

79
Q

A basic unit of living matter is called a

A

call

80
Q

A cell body consists of

A

Organelles nucleus

81
Q

Cell cycle to find

A

And ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell unit it’s own division into two cells

82
Q

Cell division different

A

The reproduction of a cell

83
Q

Cell theory

A

The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells came from other cells

84
Q

Cell wall

A

A protective layer external to help the plasma membrane and plant cells bacteria fungi and some protists

85
Q

Cellular reproduction

A

The anaerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules

86
Q

Centromere

A

The region of a chromosome or two sister chromatin is our joint

87
Q

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules and is a potential energy

A

Chemical energy

88
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process leading to chemical changes in matter

89
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A light absorbing pigment in chloroplasts not play a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy

90
Q

And organelle found in plants and photo synthetic protists.that absorbs light and uses it to power the synthesis of organic food molecules

A

Chloroplasts

91
Q

Chromosome

A

A gene caring structure found in the nucleus of your Carriott Excel and most visible during mitosis and meal sis

92
Q

Codon

A

A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide

93
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction between molecules of the same kind

94
Q

Compound

A

A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio

95
Q

Cuticle

A

A tough nonliving outer layer of skin

96
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of A negative electrical charge

97
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means

98
Q

Endocytosis

A

The movement of materials from the external environment into the cytoplasm of a cell and the visceral or vaculose

99
Q

Endoskeleton

A

A hard interior skeleton located with in the soft tissue of an animal

100
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of disorder, or randomness

101
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process

102
Q

Exponential growth

A

A continuous increase in the size of a population by a multiple of the previous generation

103
Q

Flagella

A

A long appendage that propels protists through the water and moves flew across the surface of many tissue cells and animals

104
Q

Fossil record

A

The order and sequence of fossils as they appear in the rock layers

105
Q

gamete

A

A haploid egg or sperm. The union of two game nights of opposite sex producing a zygote

106
Q

Gastropod

A

Member of the large group of mollusks, including snails and slugs

107
Q

Gene

A

A unit of inheritance Indiana

108
Q

Genetic drift

A

A change in the gene pool of a population due to change

109
Q

Genetics

A

The scientific study of hereditary

110
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genetic material of an organism or a virus

111
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

112
Q

Gold G apparatus

A

And organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membrane yes sax that modify, store, and ship Products of the endoplastic reticulum

113
Q

Interphase

A

The phase and eukaryotic cell cycle when the sale is not actually dividing

114
Q

Invasive species

A

A non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage by colonizing and dominating suitable habitats

115
Q

Invertebrate

A

An animal that doesn’t have a backbone

116
Q

Ionic bond

A

An attraction between two I am upset electrical charges

117
Q

Isomers

A

One of two or more molecules of the same molecular formula but two different structures and thus different properties

118
Q

Isotope

A

Variation from an Adam,

119
Q

Macroevolution

A

Evolutionary changes above the species level, including the origin of Evolution and Terry novelties a new text stomach groups and the impact of mass extinction on the diversity of life and it’s sequence recovery

120
Q

Malignant tumor

A

And I’m normal tissue mass that spreads into neighboring tissue and two other parts of the body

121
Q

Mammary gland

A

A characteristic land of mammals that secrete milk to nourish the

122
Q

Organelle

A

A membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function with a eukaryotic cell

123
Q

Sex chromosome

A

A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female

124
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome

125
Q

Tumor

A

And I’m normal mass of cells that forms with an otherwise normal tissue

126
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of haploid gametes during fertilization

127
Q

Desperation patterns

A

The way individuals are spaced within a habitat

128
Q

What are the three dispersion patterns

A

Clumped, uniforms, random

129
Q

Clumped defined

A

The most common pattern individuals found in small groups with spaces between groups

130
Q

Uniformed pattern

A

A uniform desperation pattern often results from competition between individuals for the same resource like penguins and finish

131
Q

Random pattern

A

Very rare, when individuals are dispersed randomly

Biology Final!!!!! (2 decks)

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