Final: Biological paradigms

Question 1

What are the two biological paradigms?

Answer 1

1. mechanism/ atomism

2. vitalism

Question 2

How does chiropractic philosophy relate?

Answer 2

living human beings are:

• self-forming (autopoietic)
• self-organizing (structurally antientropic)
• self-regulating (homeostatic)
• self-repairing (self-healing)

Question 3

Mechanism/atomism believes that life can be completely explained by

Answer 3

Actions of physical, chemical and electrical forces

Question 4

Mechanism/atomism is derived from

Answer 4

Materialism

Question 5

Mechanism/atomism is a reaction to

Answer 5

Antiscientific theological doctrines

Question 6

Mechanism atomism believes that a living thing is composed to

Answer 6

Inanimate parts

“Whole is equal to sum of its parts”

Question 7

Vitalism believes that life and its functions depend on a

Answer 7

Vital influence

Question 8

Vital influence is

Answer 8

Non-physical in nature

Question 9

Vitalism derives from

Answer 9

Dualism

Question 10

Vitalism believes that life =

Answer 10

Chemistry animated by spirit/force

Question 11

Vitalism is an ____ doctrine

Answer 11

Inclusive

Question 12

Inclusive doctrine of vitalism means

Answer 12

Matter/chemistry + influence of separate, non-physical entity or field

Question 13

2 versions of vitalism

Answer 13

Extreme vitalism (naive)
Moderate vitalism (critical)

Question 14

Extreme vitalism believes that matter evolves then,

Answer 14

Spirit animates it

Question 15

Extreme vitalism sayings

Answer 15

“Lifeless corpse”
“He lost his life”
Cat’s “nine lives”

Question 16

Moderate vitalism believes that vital forces are

Answer 16

Always a part of the process of living thing

Question 17

Moderate vitalism in chiropractic philosophy

Answer 17

Major premise and triune of life

universal and innate intelligence

Question 18

Organicism opposes the reduction of biology to

Answer 18

Physics and chemistry

Question 19

Moderate mechanism expressed as

Answer 19

Whole is more than the sum of its parts

Additional ingredient is an understanding relationships of the living system

Question 20

Living human beings are

Answer 20

Self-forming
Self-organizing
Self-regulating
Self-repairing

Question 21

Entropy

Answer 21

Energy equilibrium

Question 22

Structural entropy

Answer 22

Disorder in the universe

Question 23

Structural antientropy (syntropy)

Answer 23

Development of increased order or organization

Question 24

Chiropractic is essentially a

Answer 24

Vitalistic paradigm

Question 25

A vitalistic approach does not require

Answer 25

Assumption of beliefs consistent with theistic teleology (NOT religion)

**but it does accomodate such beliefs