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Ocular Pharm > Final: Beta Blockers > Flashcards

Final: Beta Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

Are beta blockers non-selective or selective better for glaucoma?

A

Beta non-selective

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2
Q

How percent do beta blockers decrease IOP?

A

25%, less than PGA

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3
Q

True or false:
Beta blockers work well right before you go to bed at night.

A

False.
Since you are already reducing sympathetic nervous system before bed, it doesn’t do much or cause problems.

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4
Q

What are the common systemic side effects with non-selective beta blockers?

A

Decrease cardiac contractility
Bronchoconstriction
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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5
Q

When are beta blockers for glaucoma contraindicated?

A

If patient has COPD or asthma, possible diabetes, sinus bradycardia, congenital heart failure.

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6
Q

True or false:
You should check pulse and BP before prescribing beta blockers.

A

True

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7
Q

What is the short-term escape response to beta blocker?

A

Dramatic reduction in IOP when starting, then IOP rises back up and plateaus in the next few days or weeks.

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8
Q

What is the long-term drift response to beta blocker?

A

Patient has slow loss of IOP control. IOP slowly increases over time. Usually begins after 3 months to a year.

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9
Q

What percent of patients don’t respond to beta blockers for glaucoma?

A

10-20%

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10
Q

What are 4 ocular side effects for Beta Blockers for glaucoma treatment?

A

Mild stinging/burning
Hyperemia (redness)
Rare allergies
Corneal hypoaesthesia (decrease corneal sensitivity)

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11
Q

What are 7 systemic side effects for beta blockers?

A

Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Hypotension
Fatigue
Nasea
Depression
Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

What is the most prescribed beta-blocker for glaucoma?

A

Timolol

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13
Q

What beta blocker is considered the gold standard for glaucoma?

A

Timoptic (timolol maleate)

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14
Q

For timoptic, what are the percentages for the blue cap and the yellow cap?

A

Bue: 0.25%
Yellow: 0.5%

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15
Q

A person comes in and does not have insurance and has to pay with cash. What drug is the most economic treatment for their glaucoma?

A

Beta blocker: Timoptic (timolol maleate)

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16
Q

How do you prescribe Timoptic?

A

Originally BID, on label for BID, but now thinking 1 drop a day is just as effective. Take in the morning.

17
Q

What is the dosing regimen for Timoptic XE ops gel and Istalol?

A

Both are Timolol formulations but are on label for Once a day unlike original Timoptic

18
Q

What is the proven equivalent to Timoptic (timolol maleate)?

A

Betimol (Timolol Hemihydrate)

19
Q

What is unique about Ocupress? What patients could this be good for?

A

It is non-selective beta blocker but also shows intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partially acts like beta agonist)

Could be good to use for a patient who has brachycardia compared to the other beta blockers.
Also has less risk for depression.

20
Q

What is the only selective beta 1 blocker glaucoma drop? Does it have a higher or lower IOp percentage drop than timolol? Is betoptic-S a solution or suspension?

A

Betoptic-S (betaxolol)
Less IOP effect than timolol
Fewer side effects
Suspension

21
Q

What is the only beta blocker that is a suspension?

A

Betoptic-S.
Also it is the only beta 1 selective beta blocker for glaucoma.

22
Q

What drugs are in the Combo drop Cosopt? What percent decrease does it have? What is the dosing regimine? Is it available in preservative free?

A

Dorzolamide (CAI) and Timolol (beta blocker).
27% decrease in IOP
BID
Does have preservative-free available. (Cosopt PF)

23
Q

What drugs are in the Combo drop Combigan? What is the dosing regimen?

A

Brimonidine (alpha agonist) and Timolol (beta blocker)
BID

24
Q

What must a combo drop show?

A

Must show it is more effective than the drops on their own.

25
Q

Other than glaucoma, what could a beta blocker drop be used for?

A

Myokymia

Ocular Pharm (8 decks)

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