Final--Avian & Reptiles

Question 1

Causative agent of Newcastle disease

Answer 1

Avian paramyxovirus 1

Question 2

Which feature of avian influenza allows it to

1) enter the host cell
2) exit the host cell

(Hemagglutinin vs. neuraminidase)

Answer 2

1) Hemagglutinin

2) Neuraminidase

Question 3

Which strains of avian influenza have the highest potential for causing human epidemic (just H’s)

Answer 3

H5 & H7

Question 4

Which arboviruses require a two mosquito life cycle?

Answer 4

Equine encephalitites

EEE, WEE

Question 5

Which disease of chickens is zoonotic and is assoc. with formation of conjunctivitis in infected humans?

Answer 5

Newcastle

Question 6

Elementary bodies are the infective form for?

Answer 6

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 7

T/F: Salmonella infections in poultry are typically subclinical & can be spread to humans if they consume raw eggs or undercooked poultry

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Conjunctivitis & tracheitis are clinical signs assoc. with which disease in commercial and backyard chickens. A key feature on histopath is intranuclear inclusion bodies

Answer 8

infectious laryngotracheitis (gallid herpesvirus 1)

*REPORTABLE

Question 9

This virus in chickens is assoc. with gasping, coughing, rales, and nasal discharge; you may also see soft, irregularly-shaped eggs

Answer 9

Infectious bronchitis (coronavirus)

*REPORTABLE

Question 10

Name 2 diseases in chickens that target immunologic organs

Answer 10

1) chicken anemia virus (“blue wing”)

2) infectious bursal disease

Question 11

T/F: Crytptosporidiosis from chickens is commonly associated with infection in humans

Answer 11

FALSE–does NOT cause infections in humans

Question 12

Acute hepatitis, yellow mustard diarrhea, and intranuclear inclusion bodies are all associated with which disease?

Answer 12

Pacheco’s disease (Psittacid herpesvirus type 1)

Question 13

This virus causes “marbled spleen disease” in pheasants and turkeys

Answer 13

Avian adenovirus

Question 14

Associated with chronic ulcerative dermatitis and progressive bilateral dystrophy of feathers

Answer 14

Psittacine beak and feather disease (Circovirus)

Question 15

Which organism is typically associated with bumble foot? On which area of the foot do the lesions most commonly occur?

Answer 15

Staphylococcus

weight-bearing surface

Question 16

Seed-based diets may predispose birds to which nutritional deficiency?

Answer 16

Vit A deficiency

Question 17

Histomoniasis (blackhead) in chickens is assoc. with ingestion of worms containing which organism?

Answer 17

Heterakis gallinarum (cecal protozoan that contains the protozoan parasite)

*target lesions on liver

Question 18

In both birds and reptiles, gout formation is associated with a decrease in the secretion of?

Answer 18

uric acid

Question 19

Name the disease assoc. with the following herpesviruses

1) Gallid herpesvirus 1
2) Gallid herpesvirus 2

Answer 19

1) laryngotracheitis

2) Marek’s disease

Question 20

Non-commercial poultry serve as a reservoir for this disease that causes swelling of the infraorbital sinuses & resp. signs

Answer 20

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)

Question 21

T/F: Infectious coryza, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is typically a primary/solo pathogen

Answer 21

FALSE

**ALWAYS co-infection (typically w/ mycoplasma)

Question 22

Reptile heat sensors are located where?

Answer 22

on their dorsum

Question 23

Reptiles require full-spectrum light which is in which wavelengths

Answer 23

290-320nm

*NOT incandescent bulbs

Question 24

T/F: mealworms are an excellent source of protein for insectivorous reptiles

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

If you palpate a lump on a reptile, what are the chances it’s a lymph node?

Answer 25

0% (have no LNs!)

Question 26

Most disease/illness in captive reptiles is due to

Answer 26

poor husbandry

Question 27

Which type of Ca is best for supplementing to reptiles?

Answer 27

Ca carbonate (i.e. cuttlefish bone)

**NOT Ca phosphate

Question 28

When do osteoporitic change become evident on radiographs?

Answer 28

after 40-50% of bone mineral is depleted

Question 29

Keratinization of the eyelids is a common clinical sign of which disorder in reptiles

Answer 29

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 30

Snakes with infectious diseases should be quarantined for how long?

Answer 30

90-180 days