Final: All structures (Ben/Lukas) Flashcards
1
Q
A
creatine phosphate
2
Q
A
acetic acid
3
Q
A
1,3-BPG
4
Q
A
phosphoenolpyruvate PEP
5
Q
A
oxaloacetate OXA
6
Q
A
citrate
7
Q
A
isocitric acid
8
Q
A
α- ketoglutarate
9
Q
A
succinate
10
Q
A
fumarate
11
Q
ignore Mg2+
A
malate
12
Q
A
2-phosphoglycerate
13
Q
A
dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP
14
Q
A
glucose
15
Q
A
fructose
16
Q
A
galactose
17
Q
A
glucuronic acid
(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)
18
Q
A
glucosamine
19
Q
A
glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)
20
Q
A
glucose-1-phosphate
21
Q
A
fructose-6- phosphate
22
Q
A
fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
23
Q
A
glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate
24
Q
A
3-phosphoglycerate
25
6-phosphogluconate
26
ribose-5-phosphate
28
Glycine
29
alanine
30
val
neutral, nonpolar
- one of the 3 **branched-chain** AAs
31
leu
neutral, nonpolar
- one of the 3 **brainched chain** AAs
32
ile
neutral, nonpolar
2 chiral centers (4 configurations)
33
phe
neutral, nonpolar
aromatic
34
pro
neutral, nonpolar
not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid
with a secondary amide contained within the ring
35
met
neutral, nonpolar
- S comes after _two_ CH2s
36
ser
neutral, polar
37
thr
neutral, polar
2 chiral centers
38
tyr
neutral, polar
aromatic
- side chain is **phenol**
39
trp
neutral, polar
aromatic
- contains an **indole** (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH2 via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N
40
cys
neutral, polar
- contains a **thiol** (R-S-H) on a CH2
41
asn
neutral, polar
the amine in the side chain is **NEVER** protonated
- contains **carboxamide** (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to CH2
42
gln
neutral, polar
- contains **carboxamide** (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to _second_ CH2
43
his
basic, polar
aromatic
- side chain is **imidazole** attached to one CH2 via the C furthest from the lone N
44
lys
basic, polar
- pka of side chain is **more** basic than amine
- side chain is an **amino** group after four CH2s
45
arg
basic, polar
- pka of side chain is **more** basic than amine
- side chain is **guanidine** after three CH2s
46
asp
acidic, polar
- side chain is **carboxyl** after one CH2
47
glu
acidic, polar
- side chain is **carboxyl** after _two_ CH2s
48
Sec (Selenocysteine)
Neutral
Polar
- selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine's thiol group
49
Citrulline
| (don't mistake for arginine!)
50
Hydroxyproline
51
gamma carboxy glutamate
52
Ornithine
(dont confuse with Lys! ... Lys has one more -CH2- in its R group)
53
adenine
| (purine with only an amino grp)
54
guanine
| (purine with amino and oxo grp)
55
cytosine
| (pyrimidine with amino and oxo)
56
uracil
| (pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)
57
thymine
(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp... ie methylated uracil)
58
hypoxanthine
| (purine with only one oxo grp)
59
xanthine
| (purine with 2 oxo grps)
60
Uric Acid
| (purine with 3 oxo groups)
61
**cAMP**
(note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)
62
**cGMP**
(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)
63
**epinephrine**
(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)
64
**norepinephrine**
(decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)
65
tryptamine
| (decarboxylated tryptophan)
66
**serotonin**
| (decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)
67
Histamine
| (decarbed His)
68
Beta Alanine
| (alanine with amino in beta position)
69
**GABA**
- decarboxylated glutamate
70
**ethanolamine**
| (ethanol with an amine... ya big idiot)
71
carbamoyl phosphate
(ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate ... sort of)
72
Urea
73
**alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate**
(starting from the right side... there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone... this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)
74
**delta-aminolevulinic acid**
(decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)
75
**Creatine**
(made from Gly and Arg ... into guanidinoacetate ... then methylated on that middle N)
76
**Creatinine**
| (breakdown product of creatine-P)
77
**Acetylcholine**
(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)
78
carnitine
79
Phosphatidic Acid
80
phosphatidylcholine
- choline is the z group
- found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
- AKA **lecithin**
81
Sphingosine
- found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
- important in signaling as well
(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)
82
Cholesterol
83
Cortisol
84
aldosterone
85
Estradiol
86
Testosterone
87
Progesterone
88
Cholic Acid
(dont confuse with cholesterol ... has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)
89
B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate
(AKA **HMG** as in HMG-CoA)
(the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)
90
**acetoacetic acid**
(basically just two acetic acids combined)
91
beta-hydroxy-butyrate
| (OH on the beta carbon)
92
acetone
93
glycerol
94
diacylglycerol
glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via _ester_ linkages
95
glycocholic acid
(dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid... that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)
96
**taurocholic acid**
(dont confuse with... cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid.... there's an S in there, ya big dummy)
97
**Androstenedione**
98
Propionic Acid
99
**Cephalin**
AKA phosphatidylethanolamine
(the longer name makes more sense... is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp ... R grps are fatty acids)
125
Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates...
basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not ... then check what base it is... then see how many Ps
