Final: All structures (Ben/Lukas)

Question 1

Answer 1

creatine phosphate

Question 2

Answer 2

acetic acid

Question 3

Answer 3

1,3-BPG

Question 4

Answer 4

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

Question 5

Answer 5

oxaloacetate OXA

Question 6

Answer 6

citrate

Question 7

Answer 7

isocitric acid

Question 8

Answer 8

α- ketoglutarate

Question 9

Answer 9

succinate

Question 10

Answer 10

fumarate

Question 11

ignore Mg²⁺

Answer 11

malate

Question 12

Answer 12

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 13

Answer 13

dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP

Question 14

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

Answer 15

fructose

Question 16

Answer 16

galactose

Question 17

Answer 17

glucuronic acid

(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)

Question 18

Answer 18

glucosamine

Question 19

Answer 19

glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)

Question 20

Answer 20

glucose-1-phosphate

Question 21

Answer 21

fructose-6- phosphate

Question 22

Answer 22

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

Question 23

Answer 23

glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 24

Answer 24

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 25

Answer 25

6-phosphogluconate

Question 26

Answer 26

ribose-5-phosphate

Question 28

Answer 28

Glycine

Question 29

Answer 29

alanine

Question 30

Answer 30

val

neutral, nonpolar

• one of the 3 branched-chain AAs

Question 31

Answer 31

leu

neutral, nonpolar

• one of the 3 brainched chain AAs

Question 32

Answer 32

ile

neutral, nonpolar

2 chiral centers (4 configurations)

Question 33

Answer 33

phe

neutral, nonpolar

aromatic

Question 34

Answer 34

pro

neutral, nonpolar

not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid

with a secondary amide contained within the ring

Question 35

Answer 35

met

neutral, nonpolar

• S comes after two CH₂s

Question 36

Answer 36

ser

neutral, polar

Question 37

Answer 37

thr

neutral, polar

2 chiral centers

Question 38

Answer 38

tyr

neutral, polar

aromatic

• side chain is phenol

Question 39

Answer 39

trp

neutral, polar

aromatic

• contains an indole (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH₂ via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N

Question 40

Answer 40

cys

neutral, polar

• contains a thiol (R-S-H) on a CH₂

Question 41

Answer 41

asn

neutral, polar

the amine in the side chain is NEVER protonated

• contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to CH₂

Question 42

Answer 42

gln

neutral, polar

• contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to second CH₂

Question 43

Answer 43

his

basic, polar

aromatic

• side chain is imidazole attached to one CH₂ via the C furthest from the lone N

Question 44

Answer 44

lys

basic, polar

• pka of side chain is more basic than amine
• side chain is an amino group after four CH₂s

Question 45

Answer 45

arg

basic, polar

• pka of side chain is more basic than amine
• side chain is guanidine after three CH₂s

Question 46

Answer 46

asp

acidic, polar

• side chain is carboxyl after one CH₂

Question 47

Answer 47

glu

acidic, polar

• side chain is carboxyl after two CH₂s

Question 48

Answer 48

Sec (Selenocysteine)

Neutral

Polar

• selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine’s thiol group

Question 49

Answer 49

Citrulline

(don’t mistake for arginine!)

Question 50

Answer 50

Hydroxyproline

Question 51

Answer 51

gamma carboxy glutamate

Question 52

Answer 52

Ornithine

(dont confuse with Lys! … Lys has one more -CH₂- in its R group)

Question 53

Answer 53

adenine

(purine with only an amino grp)

Question 54

Answer 54

guanine

(purine with amino and oxo grp)

Question 55

Answer 55

cytosine

(pyrimidine with amino and oxo)

Question 56

Answer 56

uracil

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 57

Answer 57

thymine

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp… ie methylated uracil)

Question 58

Answer 58

hypoxanthine

(purine with only one oxo grp)

Question 59

Answer 59

xanthine

(purine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 60

Answer 60

Uric Acid

(purine with 3 oxo groups)

Question 61

Answer 61

cAMP

(note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)

Question 62

Answer 62

cGMP

(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)

Question 63

Answer 63

epinephrine

(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

Question 64

Answer 64

norepinephrine

(decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)

Question 65

Answer 65

tryptamine

(decarboxylated tryptophan)

Question 66

Answer 66

serotonin

(decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

Question 67

Answer 67

Histamine

(decarbed His)

Question 68

Answer 68

Beta Alanine

(alanine with amino in beta position)

Question 69

Answer 69

GABA

• decarboxylated glutamate

Question 70

Answer 70

ethanolamine

(ethanol with an amine… ya big idiot)

Question 71

Answer 71

carbamoyl phosphate

(ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate … sort of)

Question 72

Answer 72

Urea

Question 73

Answer 73

alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate

(starting from the right side… there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone… this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)

Question 74

Answer 74

delta-aminolevulinic acid

(decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)

Question 75

Answer 75

Creatine

(made from Gly and Arg … into guanidinoacetate … then methylated on that middle N)

Question 76

Answer 76

Creatinine

(breakdown product of creatine-P)

Question 77

Answer 77

Acetylcholine

(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)

Question 78

Answer 78

carnitine

Question 79

Answer 79

Phosphatidic Acid

Question 80

Answer 80

phosphatidylcholine

• choline is the z group
• found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
• AKA lecithin

Question 81

Answer 81

Sphingosine

• found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
• important in signaling as well

(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)

Question 82

Answer 82

Cholesterol

Question 83

Answer 83

Cortisol

Question 84

Answer 84

aldosterone

Question 85

Answer 85

Estradiol

Question 86

Answer 86

Testosterone

Question 87

Answer 87

Progesterone

Question 88

Answer 88

Cholic Acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol … has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)

Question 89

Answer 89

B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate

(AKA HMG as in HMG-CoA)

(the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)

Question 90

Answer 90

acetoacetic acid

(basically just two acetic acids combined)

Question 91

Answer 91

beta-hydroxy-butyrate

(OH on the beta carbon)

Question 92

Answer 92

acetone

Question 93

Answer 93

glycerol

Question 94

Answer 94

diacylglycerol

glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via ester linkages

Answer 95

glycocholic acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid… that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)

Question 96

Answer 96

taurocholic acid

(dont confuse with… cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid…. there’s an S in there, ya big dummy)

Question 97

Answer 97

Androstenedione

Question 98

Answer 98

Propionic Acid

Question 99

Answer 99

Cephalin

AKA phosphatidylethanolamine

(the longer name makes more sense… is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp … R grps are fatty acids)

Question 125

Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates…

Answer 125

basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not … then check what base it is… then see how many Ps