Final

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the advantages an interview schedule has over a questionnaire based survey?

Questionnaires are emic, and interview schedules are etic.
Interview schedules are better suited to urban, complex societies where most people can read.
Interview schedules rely on very short responses, and therefore are more useful when you have less time.
Questionnaires are completely unstructured, so your informants might deviate from the subject you want them to talk about.
Interview schedules allow informants to talk about what they see as important.

Answer 1

Interview schedules allow informants to talk about what they see as important.

Question 2

Which of the following techniques was developed specifically because of the importance of kinship and marriage relationships in nonindustrial societies?

  The life history 
  Network analysis 
  The interview schedule 
  Participant observation 
  The genealogical method

Answer 2

The genealogical method

Question 3

In the field, ethnographers strive to establish rapport,

and if that fails, the next option is to pay people so they will talk about their culture
a timeline that states when every member of the community will be interviewed.
also known as a cultural relativist attitude.
a good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact.
a respectful and formal working relationship with the political leaders of the community.

Answer 3

a good, friendly working relationship based on personal contact

Question 4

Which of the following is a significant change in the history of ethnography?

Ethnographers now use only quantitative techniques.
There are now fewer native ethnographers.
Ethnographers have begun to work for colonial governments.
Ethnographers have stopped using the standard four-member format, because it disturbs the informants.
Larger numbers of ethnographies are being done about people in Western, industrialized nations.

Answer 4

Larger numbers of ethnographies are being done about people in Western, industrialized nations.

Question 5

A genealogical consultant is an expert who teaches an ethnographer about a particular aspect of local life.
True
False

Answer 5

False

key cultural consultant

Question 6

A synchronic approach studies societies as they exist at one point in time, while a diachronic approach studies societies across time.
True
False

Answer 6

true

Question 7

At the beginning of the 20th century, the influential French sociologist Bronislaw Malinowski proposed a new social science that would be based on the study of social facts, analytically distinct from the individuals from whose behaviour those facts were inferred.
True
False

Answer 7

False

Emile Durkheim

Question 8

Structuralism, a theoretical approach that aims to discover relations, themes, and connections among aspects of culture, has been faulted for being overly formal and for ignoring social process. Contemporary anthropologists now emphasize how day-to-day action, practice or resistance can make and remake culture. Agency refers to the actions that individuals take, both alone and in groups, in forming and transforming cultural identities.
True
False

Answer 8

true

Question 9

As one of the ethnographer’s characteristic field research practices, the genealogical method is a techniques that uses diagrams and symbols to record kin connections.
True
False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ethnography is NOT true?

It was traditionally practived in non-Western and small-scale societies.
Contemporary anthropologists have rejected it as overly formal and for ignoring social process.
It may involve participant observation and survey research.
Bronislaw Malinowski was one of its earliest influential practitioners.
It is anthropology’s distinctive strategy.

Answer 10

Contemporary anthropologists have rejected it as overly formal and for ignoring social process.

Question 11

In the video clip for this chapter, Dr. Crocker took part in community life as he studied it. This ethnographic procedure is called:

  participant life history 
  ethical archaeology 
  interview schedules 
  genealogical method 
  participant observation

Answer 11

participant observation

Question 12

The video clip’s description of the long term friendship between Crocker and Roberto demonstrates:

the fact that both men were extremely lonely
the importance of personal relationships in ethnographic research
the importance of making friends of the same sex
that they were in business together
that the two men had a lot in common

Answer 12

the importance of personal relationships in ethnographic research

Question 13

In what way did Crocker study with the Canela?

  he talked to them on the telephone 
  he excavated their land 
  he met them in a school setting 
  he lived in their community 
  he passed out surveys

Answer 13

he lived in their community

Question 14

In what way did Crocker study with the Canela?

  he talked to them on the telephone 
  he excavated their land 
  he met them in a school setting 
  he lived in their community 
  he passed out surveys

Answer 14

South America

Question 15

What term best describes Raimundo Roberto’s role in Crocker’s ethnographic research

  foreign specialist 
  key cultural consultant 
  rival 
  priest consultant 
  dance

Answer 15

key cultural consultant

Question 16

Recent research on the origin of language suggests that

Fine tongue and lip movements that are necessary for clear speech are passed on through enculturation.
Call systems evolved into complex languages 50 kya.
a mutation in humans (which happened 150 kya) may have conferred selective advantages (linguistic and cultural abilities).
the capacity to remember and combine linguistic symbols is latent in all mammals.
It was a sudden event that made tool making among Homo possible.

Answer 16

a mutation in humans (which happened 150 kya) may have conferred selective advantages (linguistic and cultural abilities).

Question 17

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis state?

Culture and language are transmitted independently.
Different languages produce different ways of thinking.
The Hopi do not use three verb tenses; they have no concept of time.
Dialect variation is the result of toilet-training practices.
The degree of cultural complexity is associated with the effectiveness of languages as systems of communication.

Answer 17

Different languages produce different ways of thinking.

Question 18

Research on communication skills of nonhuman primates reveals that

they can construct elaborate call systems, often indicating several messages simultaneously.
female nonhuman primates are more sensitive to different shades of green than their male counterparts are.
Australopithecines also communicated using call systems.
they can’t combine the calls for food and danger into a single utterance.
they, too, possess a universal grammar.

Answer 18

they can’t combine the calls for food and danger into a single utterance.

Question 19

When Washoe and Lucy tried to teach sign language to other chimpanzees, this was an example of

  call systems. 
  productivity 
  displacement. 
  estrus 
  cultural transmission.

Answer 19

cultural transmission.

Question 20

What is the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions?

  biosemantics 
  diglossia 
  protolinguistics 
  kinesics 
  ethnosemantics

Answer 20

kinesics

Question 21

Variation in speech due to different contexts or situations is known as linguistic shifting.
True
False

Answer 21

False

style shifting

Question 22

Biglossia refers to the existence of “high” and “low” dialects within a single language.
True
False

Answer 22

False

Diglossia

Question 23

The world’s linguistic diversity has been cut in half in the past 500 years, and half of the remaining 7,000 languages are predicted to disappear during this century.
True
False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

In a stratified society, even people who do not speak the prestige dialect tend to accept it as “standard” or superior. In Pierre Bourdieu’s term, this is an instance of symbolic domination.
True
False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Productivity refers to the ability to create new expressions by combining other expressions, while displacement is the ability to descried things and events that are not present.
True
False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

In the video clip for this chapter, the linguist Thomas Roeper compares language ability to:

  wind 
  a dream 
  an animal 
  a book 
  a seed

Answer 26

a seed

Question 27

According to the clip, mothers help babies to understand concepts of approval, prohibition, and questions by speaking:

  gently and with long pauses 
  indirectly to them through others 
  only in songs 
  in riddles and parables 
  loudly to their faces

Answer 27

gently and with long pauses

Question 28

The example of a young child who speaks English saying “throw ball” and, young child who speaks German saying “ball throw” implies that:

none of these choices are correct
they understand the basic grammatical rule of the language around them
these children can spell those words
they don’t understand the grammatical rules of the language around them
these children cannot communicate with one another

Answer 28

they understand the basic grammatical rule of the language around them

Question 29

According to Dr. Ronald Macaulay, many unrelated languages of the world have similar words (mama, papa, baba) for primary caretakers. These similarities likely exist because:

its what parents what to hear
these sounds are harder to make than other sounds
these words have spiritual significance
these sounds are easier for babies to produce than other sounds
all babies are taught these words

Answer 29

these sounds are easier for babies to produce than other sounds

Question 30

The example of a young child calling his father’s sunglasses “Dada” reveals that children:

can speak without being prompted
cannot learn the correct words for objects until elementary school
cannot comprehend complex words
can imitate adult language
can make abstract connections between two different concepts

Answer 30

can make abstract connections between two different concepts

Question 31

What is the term for a social status that is not automatic; that comes through choices, actions, effects, talents, or accomplishments; and that may be positive or negative?

  Negotiated status 
  Ascribed status 
  Situational status 
  Ethnicity 
  Achieved status

Answer 31

Achieved status

Question 32

What is the term for the identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic tradition and exclusion from other ethnic traditions?

  Culture shock 
  Assimilation 
  Ethnicity 
  Ethnocentrism 
  Cultural relativism

Answer 32

Ethnicity

Question 33

What is the term for the physical destruction of an ethnic or religious group through mass murder?

  Genocide
  Racist expulsion 
  Ethnic expulsion 
  Ethnocentrism 
  Forced assimilation

Answer 33

Genocide

Question 34

What is the term for the belief that a perceived racial difference is a sufficient reason to value one person less than another (such as in the case of burakumin in Japan)?

  Intrinsic racism 
  Extrinsic racism 
  Hypodescent 
  Hyperdescent 
  De jure discrimination

Answer 34

Intrinsic racism

Question 35

Human races, like ethnicities in general, are
used by social scientists to classify humans based on genes and shared blood.

a biological reality as much as a cultural one.
a meaningless concept to people living day-to-day.
cultural rather than biological categories
poorly understood by geneticists and therefore considered a cultural category

Answer 35

cultural rather than biological categories

Question 36

Natural Colonialism is the internal domination by one group and its culture / ideology over others.
True
False

Answer 36

False

Cultural Colonialism

Question 37

Multiculturalism is the view of cultural diversity as valuable and worth maintaining.
True
False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Prejudice refers to the devaluing of a group because of its assumed behaviour, values, abilities or attributes.
True
False

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Hypocaste is the term for the arbitrary rule that automatically places the children of a union between members of different socioeconomic groups in the less-privileged group.
True
False

Answer 39

False

Hypodescent

Question 40

Given the lack of distinction between race and ethnicity, this chapter suggest the term ethnic group instead of “race” to describe any such social group.
True
False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

In the video clip for this chapter, there are problems with reconciliation between the two groups because:

the international community doesn’t care to help mediate
resentment over past crimes still exists
there isn’t enough money to go around
none of these choices are correct
each side wants the conflict to continue

Answer 41

resentment over past crimes still exists

Question 42

The Croat woman in the video clip who was trying to return to her home (which was occupied by a Muslim family who had to leave their own home because it had been burned) demonstrated that both Croats and Muslims are:

  Different races 
  Singers 
  refugees 
  Muslims 
  Africans

Answer 42

refugees

Question 43

In the video clip, the difference phone systems, license plates, and currencies in the same town are all markers of:

  sexual orientation 
  age 
  race 
  ethnicity 
  gender

Answer 43

ethnicity

Question 44

What place are the Croats visiting near a currently Muslim dominated area?

  a mosque 
  a museum 
  a river 
  a cemetery 
  a synagogue

Answer 44

a cemetery

Question 45

The town that is the focus of the video clip is:

  Sarajevo 
  Zenica 
  Bukovica 
  Banja Luka 
  Sweden

Answer 45

Bukovica

Question 46

Which of the following is found in all adaptive strategies?

  Transhumance 
  A strong positive correlation between the importance of kinship and complexity of subsistence technology. 
  Domestication of animals for food. 
  A division of labour based on gender. 
  An emphasis on technology.

Answer 46

A division of labour based on gender.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about horticulture is true?

It usually leads to the destruction of the soil through overuse.
It can support permanent villages.
It is usually associated with state-level societies.
It requires more labour than agriculture.
It typically supports life in cities.

Answer 47

It can support permanent villages.

Question 48

Which of the following is the key factor that distinguishes agriculturalists from horticulturalists?
Agriculturalists

use their land intensively and continuously.
clear a tract of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass.
subsist of a more nutritious diet than do horticulturalists.
generally have much more leisure time at their disposal than do foragers.
must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land.

Answer 48

use their land intensively and continuously

Question 49

Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation?

Intensive use of land and human labour.
Periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.
Location in arid areas.
Use of irrigation and terracing.
Use of draft animals.

Answer 49

Periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about generalized reciprocity is true?

It is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged.
Which of the following statements about generalized reciprocity is true?
It is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged.
It is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.
Correct!
It usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle.
It disappears with the origin of the state.
It is exemplified by silent trade
It usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle.
It disappears with the origin of the state.
It is exemplified by silent trade

Answer 50

Which of the following statements about generalized reciprocity is true?
It is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged.
It is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.
Correct!
It usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle.
It disappears with the origin of the state.
It is exemplified by silent trade

Question 51

When a farmer gives 20 percent of his crop to a landlord, he is contributing to his spent fund.
True
False

Answer 51

False

rent

Question 52

The potlatch is a festive event within a regional exchange system among tribes of the North Pacific Coast of North America. Ecological anthropologists interpret this event as a cultural adaptation to alternating periods of local abundance and shortage, rejecting the belief that it illustrates economically wasteful and irrational behaviour.
True
False

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Economists tend to assume that producers and distributors make decision rationally by using the production motive. Anthropologists, however, know that this motive is not universal.
True
False

Answer 53

False

profit

Question 54

In nonindustrial societies, a kin-based mode of production prevails.
True
False

Answer 54

True

Question 55

The way a society’s social relations are organized to produce the labour necessary for generating the society’s subsistence and energy needs is known as the mode of production. Means of production refers to society’s major productive resources, such as land, labour, technology, and capital.
True
False

Answer 55

True

Question 56

The beaded necklaces represented __________ wealth.

  physical 
  diamond 
  social 
  spiritual 
  monetary

Answer 56

Social

Question 57

The San inhabit the ___________.

  Equatorial forests of Central Africa 
  Mojave desert in North America 
  Kalahari desert of Southern Africa 
  Wet rainforests of Central America 
  Sahara desert near North Africa

Answer 57

Kalahari desert of Southern Africa

Question 58

According to Dr. Wiessner, a very important step in human evolution was made with the development of:

  the first burials 
  kinship and social networks 
  the control of fire 
  language as a communication system 
  the development of writing

Answer 58

kinship and social networks

Question 59

For the San woman in the clip, the beaded necklaces represented

  her social relationships 
  her favorite colors 
  her devotion to certain gods 
  the number of children she had 
  the amount of grain she had stored

Answer 59

her social relationships

Question 60

Another term to describe the adaptive strategy of the San is:

  horticulture 
  foraging 
  modern industrialists 
  pastoralism 
  agriculture

Answer 60

foraging

Question 61

In what kind of society does differential access to strategic resources based on social stratification occur?

  Chiefdoms 
  Clans 
  States 
  Bands 
  Tribes

Answer 61

States

Question 62

A band refers to a small kin-based group found among foragers. In this type of political system,

there is no way of settling disputes since everybody gets along among equals.
laws dictating proper social norms are passed on through songs from generation to generation.
misbehaviour was punished by a group of men who had more possessions than anyone else.
band leaders were leaders in name only; sometimes they gave advice or made decisions, but they had no way to enforce their will on others.
there is no division of labour based on age and gender.

Answer 62

band leaders were leaders in name only; sometimes they gave advice or made decisions, but they had no way to enforce their will on others.

Question 63

The anthropological approach to the study of political systems and organization is global and comparative,

although this area is becoming less and less interesting to study because there are very few new nation-states.
but it focuses on people’s experiences and leaves the study of institutions of political power to other scholars.
but it focuses exclusively on non-states, leaving the study of states and nation-states to political scientists.
although this sometimes leads to disciplinary turf wars with other disciplines such as political science and sociology.
and it includes non-states as well as the states and nation-states traditionally studied by political scientists.

Answer 63

and it includes non-states as well as the states and nation-states traditionally studied by political scientists.

Question 64

In foraging and tribal societies, what is the basis for the amount of respect or status attached to an individual?

Rank ascribed at birth, wives, and children.
The amount of territory a person owns.
The amount of possessions one owns and the ability to convert them into cast.
Prestige inherited from your parents.
Personal attributes, such as wisdom, leadership skills and generosity

Answer 64

Personal attributes, such as wisdom, leadership skills and generosity

Question 65

Which of the following statements about the Inuit song battle is true?

It is a ritualized means of designating hunting lands.
It is sometimes the occasion for a “treacherous feast”.
It is a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict.
It is a widespread feature of tribal society.
It is used to initiate colonial strategies

Answer 65

It is a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict.

Question 66

The influential sociologist Max Weber defined three related dimensions of social stratification. They are wealth, power, and prestige.
True
False

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Prestige is esteem, respect or approval for culturally valued acts or qualities.
True
False

Answer 67

True

Question 68

Age set refers to a group uniting all men or women born during a certain span of time
True
False

Answer 68

True

Question 69

Broader than political control, the concept of social control refers to those fields of the social system (beliefs, practices, and institutions) that are most actively involved in the maintenance of any norms and the regulation of any conflict.
True
False

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Among the different types of socio-political systems, nation-states lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy although they do exhibit inequality and a permanent political structure.
True
False

Answer 70

False

chiefdoms

Question 71

Which one of the following values seems to be very important in Canela society?

  sharing 
  hatred 
  selfishness 
  pity 
  pride

Answer 71

sharing

Question 72

What type of socio-political organization do the Canela exhibit?

  band 
  chiefdom 
  state 
  gang 
  tribe

Answer 72

Tribe

Question 73

At the time the video was made, the Canela numbered about:

  200 
  1200 
  800 
  1000 
  10,000

Answer 73

1200

Question 74

The whole village participated in a:
  marriage negotiation 
  local charity event 
  harvest celebration 
  mending ritual 
  ritual to fight off illness

Answer 74

mending ritual

Question 75

What major role does Raimundo Roberto serve in Canela society?

  ceremonial chief 
  king of the entire group 
  government official 
  president of the blacksmith guild 
  school teacher

Answer 75

ceremonial chief

Question 76

In comparing gender roles in different societies, which of the following is true?

The more women contribute to the domestic sphere, the more publically recognized power they achieve.
Equality between the genders is common among horticulturalists.
Patriarchies are strongest in societies in which men control significant goods that are exchanged with people outside the family.
There are many societies in which women control all the strategic resources and carry out the most prestigious activities.

Answer 76

Patriarchies are strongest in societies in which men control significant goods that are exchanged with people outside the family.

Question 77

In what kind of society do anthropologists most typically find forced female genital operations, inter-village raiding, female infanticide, and dowry?

  Patrilineal - neolocal 
  Patrilineal - matrilocal 
  Matrilineal - matrilocal 
  Patrilineal - patrilocal 
  Matrilineal - patrilocal

Answer 77

Patrilineal - patrilocal

Question 78

All of the following are key ideas to take away from this chapter’s discussion of sexual orientation except:

Different types of sexual desires and experiences hold different meanings for individuals and groups.
Culture always plays a role in moulding individual sexual urges toward a collective norm and these norms vary from culture to culture.
Asexuality, indifference toward, or lack of attraction to either sex, is also a sexual orientation.
In a society, individuals will differ in the nature, range, and intensity of sexual interests and urges.
There is conclusive scientific evidence that sexual orientation is genetically determined.

Answer 78

There is conclusive scientific evidence that sexual orientation is genetically determined

Question 79

The “traditional” idea that “a woman’s place is in the home”

is based in the preindustrial era and began to disappear as women moved into the factories in the 1900s.
was part of the Pledge of Allegiance until it was challenged in the early 1800s.
developed among middle- and upper-class Americans as industrialism spread after 1900.
accurately reflects the worldwide sexual division of labour.
is actually a cultural universal.

Answer 79

developed among middle- and upper-class Americans as industrialism spread after 1900.

Question 80

Among foragers

warfare makes men dominant over women.
the status of women falls when they provide most of the food.
men excel in the harsh life and therefore accrue vastly more prestige than women.
men and women are completely equal; there is no gender inequality.
the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy is related to relatively mild gender inequality.

Answer 80

the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy is related to relatively mild gender inequality.

Question 81

In general, the status of women is higher in societies with matrilineal descent than in those with Patrilineal descent.
True
False

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Cultural stratification refers to an unequal distribution of socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom between men and women.
True
False

Answer 82

False

Gender stratification

Question 83

American’s attitudes towards gender vary with class and region. When the need for female labour declines, the idea that women are unfit for many jobs decreases and vice versa.
True
False

Answer 83

False

increases

Question 84

Sex differences are biological, while gender refers to the cultural construction of whether one is female, male or something else.
True
False

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Gender roles refer to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes.
True
False

Answer 85

True

Question 86

According to the video clip “gender apartheid” has come into greater use to describe gender discrimination because
it is more effective in raising awareness.
gender discrimination is worse than racial discrimination.
world leaders voted in favor of using this term.
the term “discrimination” is so overused it has lost its impact.
it better describes the fact that women are treated differently as part of a distinct category.

Answer 86

it better describes the fact that women are treated differently as part of a distinct category.

Question 87

The video clip showed that Kofi Annan’s concern regarding gender discrimination is because

it keeps 50% of people in a society or institution from participating in the creation and input of new ideas and capacity.
there is very little political will to change the situation.
it is much worse in developing countries than it is in developed nations.
will probably never go away since it is a natural part of human psychology.
it has increased because of globalization.

Answer 87

it keeps 50% of people in a society or institution from participating in the creation and input of new ideas and capacity.

Question 88

The video clip highlights that the birth of a boy in China is typically viewed as a “big blessing.” In Guatemala, it is often viewed as “winning the lotto.” These examples illustrate that

parents all over the world are mostly concerned with the monetary value of their newborn.
China and Guatemala have a high degree of cultural affinity.
gender discrimination only occurs in developing nations.
preference for boys is a shared quality in very different cultures.
parents all over the world are grateful for the arrival of a newborn, regardless of gender.

Answer 88

preference for boys is a shared quality in very different cultures

Question 89

In many parts of the world, boys are more likely than girls to benefit from limited resources such as medications, education, and even food. This suggests that

mothers themselves may be implicated in the perpetuation of gender discrimination.
boys take better advantage of these resources than girls do.
girls rarely make it to the age of 2, causing drastic shifts in the sex ratio in populations worldwide.
gender discrimination is really about economics.
the problem of gender discrimination would be solved if there were more resources.

Answer 89

mothers themselves may be implicated in the perpetuation of gender discrimination

Question 90

Women do more than half of the world’s work,
but most of this work is at home with the children.
yet they earn more than their share.
proving that women are stronger than men.
yet they earn only a fraction of the income.
yet they earn nothing.

Answer 90

yet they earn only a fraction of the income.

Question 91

Which of the following statements about the nuclear family is NOT true?

Most people belong to at least two nuclear families during their lives.
In the United States, nuclear families accounted for just 22.5 percent of house-holds in 2007.
The nuclear family is a cultural universal.
A family of procreation may be a nuclear family.
A family of orientation may be a nuclear family.

Answer 91

The nuclear family is a cultural universal.

Question 92

The nuclear family is the most common kin groups in what kinds of societies?

  Industrial middle class and foraging bands 
  Patrilocal and matrilocal 
  Lineages and clans 
  Ambilineal and collateral 
  Tribal societies and chiefdoms

Answer 92

Industrial middle class and foraging bands

Question 93

Why is a focus on the nuclear family characteristic of many modern nations? Because

isolation from the extended family arises from geographic mobility that is characteristic of many industrialized societies.
the nuclear family is the most common family arrangement in industrialized societies.
higher incomes have made it possible for most adults to achieve the American cultural ideal of a nuclear family.
modernity is associated with smaller and more exclusive households, especially among the urban poor.
the nuclear family is the most developed form of domestic arrangement.

Answer 93

isolation from the extended family arises from geographic mobility that is characteristic of many industrialized societies.

Question 94

Like race, kinship is culturally constructed. This means that

people perceive and define kin relations differently in different cultures, although anthropologists have discovered a limited number of patterns in which people classify their kin.
the educational system is failing to educate people about real, biologically based human relations.
studies of kinship tell us little about people’s actual experiences.
like race, kinship is a fiction, with no real social consequence.
it is a phenomenon separated from other real aspects of society, such as economics and politics.

Answer 94

people perceive and define kin relations differently in different cultures, although anthropologists have discovered a limited number of patterns in which people classify their kin.

Question 95

What is another name for a person’s “in-laws”?

  affinals 
  merging relatives 
  lineals 
  collaterals 
  No answer text provided. 
  family of orientation

Answer 95

affinals

Question 96

In bilineal kinship calculation, kin ties are traced equally through males and females.

True
False

Answer 96

False

bilateral

Question 97

Neolocality refers to the post-marital residence pattern in which the married couple is expected to establish its own home.
True
False

Answer 97

True

Question 98

In a bifurcate merging kinship terminology, lineal and collateral relatives are merged.
True
False

Answer 98

True

Question 99

The family of orientation is the name of the family in which a child is raised, while the family of post-creation is the name of the family established when one marries and has children.
True
False

Answer 99

False

procreation

Question 100

A bloodline refers to a unilineal descent group whose members demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor.
True
False

Answer 100

False

lineage

Question 101

According to the video clip, an estimated ___________ girls go missing, either aborted or placed in orphanages.

  one billion 
  one million 
  100,000 
  50,000 
  1,000

Answer 101

one million

Question 102

In China, boys are considered to be more valuable to parents because they:

  protect the family from harm 
  eat less food 
  go to school 
  will take care of their parents in the future 
  help their parents around the house

Answer 102

will take care of their parents in the future

Question 103

What is the ratio of boys to girls in Hunan province?

200: 1
175: 100
100: 98
175: 50
165: 70

Answer 103

175:100

Question 104

A family discussed in the clip had to work in fields and were fined financially because they:

  kidnapped someone's son 
  stole food 
  had more than one child 
  sent their daughter to an orphanage 
  owed money to a neighbor

Answer 104

had more than one child

Question 105

The government of China sought to abolish patriarchal authority and introduce:

  families of orientation 
  extended families 
  matriarchal authority 
  equality of the sexes 
  polygamous unions

Answer 105

equality of the sexes

Question 106

Which of the following statements about divorce is NOT true?

Divorce is harder in a patrilineal society.
Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states.
The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce.
Divorce is more common now than it was a century ago.
Substantial bridewealth may decrease the divorce rate.

Answer 106

Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states

Question 107

Which of the following statements about marriage is true?

It involves a woman and the genitor of her children.
It is a cultural universal.
It always involves a priest.
Rings must be exchanged.
It must involve at least one biological male and at least one biological female.

Answer 107

It is a cultural universal.

Question 108

How is exogamy adaptive?

It increases the likelihood that disadvantageous alleles will find phenotypic expression and thus be eliminated from the population.
It is not adaptive; it is just a culture construction.
It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion.
It increases the number of individuals on whom one can rely in time of need.

Answer 108

It increases the number of individuals on whom one can rely in time of need.

Question 109

Which of the following is not a form of polygamy?
A man who has two wives, one of whom is biologically female, while the other is biologically male, but is regarded as having the spirit of a woman.

A man who has three wives.
A man who marries, then divorces, then marries again, then divorces again, then marries again, each time to a different woman.
A man who has three wives, all of whom are sisters.
A woman who has three husbands, all of whom are brothers.

Answer 109

A man who marries, then divorces, then marries again, then divorces again, then marries again, each time to a different woman.

Question 110

Among social scientists, which is the most accepted explanation for the incest taboo?

Marry out or die out.
Genetically determined attraction for those most different from ourselves
The widespread fear of biological degeneration
Attempt or contempt
Instinctive horror caused by genes.

Answer 110

Marry out or die out

Question 111

Dowry is a marital exchange in which the bride’s family or kin group provides substantial gifts when their daughter marries. This custom is correlated with high female status.
True
False

Answer 111

False

low

Question 112

When a widower marries a sister of his deceased wife, this is called a levirate.
True
False

Answer 112

False

sororate

Question 113

The custom called levirate occurs when a widow marries a brother of her deceased husband.

True
False

Answer 113

True

Question 114

The term genitor refers to the biological father of a child, while pater is the term anthropologists use to identify ego’s socially recognized father.

True
False

Answer 114

True

Question 115

Endogamy refers to the culturally sanctioned practice of marrying someone within a group to which one belongs.

True
False

Answer 115

True

Question 116

The Dinka live on the northeastern part of what continent?

  Africa 
  North America 
  Australia 
  South America 
  Eurasia

Answer 116

Africa

Question 117

According to the video, which two things have ultimate value in Dinka life?
  pigs and goats 
  cattle and peanuts 
  farming and fishing 
  children and cattle 
  dogs and women

Answer 117

children and cattle

Question 118

It is considered normal for a Dinka man to aspire to have more than one wife. This practice is called:

  dowry 
  polyandry 
  polygyny 
  incest 
  levirate

Answer 118

polygyny

Question 119

The elder in the beginning of the clip complains that since his own marriage, the cost of bride wealth has:
  gone up 
  remained the same 
  affected the progress of the town 
  changed his status 
  gone down

Answer 119

gone up

Question 120

How did the courtship of Majok and Akol change once their families approved the marriage?

They participated in a healing ceremony
Things remained exactly the same
They’re allowed to meet without an escort
They decided not to marry
They were allowed to move in together

Answer 120

They’re allowed to meet without an escort

Question 121

What does the anthropological analysis of the Hindu practice of ahimsa suggest?
Religious beliefs often impede evolutionary progress by encouraging wasteful energy expenditure.
Generalized reciprocity
Religion is a realm of behaviour in which people do not try to behave rationally (i.e., maximize profit and minimize loss).
Beliefs about the supernatural can function as part of a group’s adaptation to the environment.
Antagonism between the sexes characterizes primitive religious practice.

Answer 121

Beliefs about the supernatural can function as part of a group’s adaptation to the environment

Question 122

Is American society really growing more secular? On this question, a considerable body of sociological research suggests that;

this question cannot be answered accurately because people typically lie about their religious affiliations in surveys.
it is becoming more secular because less people go to church.
it is becoming more secular because scientific education in schools is improving.
it is becoming more religious because more and more people feel their national identity threatened due to rising levels of migration from non-Christian countries.
levels of American religiosity haven’t changed much over the past century.

Answer 122

levels of American religiosity haven’t changed much over the past century

Question 123

According to Sir Edward Tylor, the founder of the anthropology of religion, what is the sequence through which religion evolved?

  Mana, polytheism, monotheism 
  Olympianism, polytheism, monotheismb.	Olympianism, polytheism, monotheism
  Animism, cargo cults, monotheism 
  Animism, polytheism, monotheism 
  Polytheism, animism, monotheism

Answer 123

Animism, polytheism, monotheism

Question 124

Which of the following describes the concept of mana, a sacred impersonal force existing in the universe, as was used in Polynesia and Melanesia?

In both cases, mana was concerned with supernatural beings rather than with powers or forces.
Most anthropologists agree that mana was the most primitive religious doctrine in Polynesia and Melanesia.
In Melanesia, where mana was similar to the notion of luck, anyone could get it; but in Polynesia, mana was attached to political elites.
The concept of mana was absent in societies with differential access to strategic resources.
In Polynesia and Melanesia, mana was taboo.

Answer 124

In Melanesia, where mana was similar to the notion of luck, anyone could get it; but in Polynesia, mana was attached to political elites.

Question 125

What is typically observed during the liminal phase of a rite of passage?
formation of a ranking system
no change in the social norms
use of secular language
symbolic reversals of ordinary behavior
intensification of social hierarchy

Answer 125

symbolic reversals of ordinary behavior

Question 126

Contagious magic is based on the belief that whatever is done to an object will affect a person who once had contact with it.
True
False

Answer 126

True

Question 127

A shovelling mechanism refers to a custom of social action that operates to reduce difference in wealth and bring standouts in line with community norms.
True
False

Answer 127

False

levelling mechanism

Question 128

According to Tylor, animism, a belief in spiritual beings, was the earliest form of religion.
True
False

Answer 128

True

Question 129

A revitalisation is a cultural, especially a religious mix, emerging from acculturation.
True
False

Answer 129

False

syncretism

Question 130

The term communitas refers to an intense feeling of solidarity that characterizes collective liminality.
True
False

Answer 130

True

Question 131

(In the video clip for this chapter, Mr. Nana Kofi Owusu wore charms around his body and carried a sword in order to:

  attract certain spirits 
  slaughter a pig 
  create a new shrine 
  threaten the onlookers in the crowd 
  protect himself from spiritual attacks

Answer 131

protect himself from spiritual attacks

Question 132

According to the video clip, the oldest and most prominent deity of the Bono is:
  Tano 
  Shango 
  Ogun 
  Yemeja 
  Nana Owusu

Answer 132

Tano

Question 133

The shrines of the Bono are:

  mirrors covered in sand 
  painted carved staffs 
  branches covered with nails 
  brass pans resting on stools 
  dishes of water and seashells

Answer 133

brass pans resting on stools

Question 134

Mr. Nana Kofi Owusu’s replacement as a Tano priest healer will be chosen through a process of:

  spirit possession 
  fierce physical competition 
  random selection 
  divination 
  a test of poison

Answer 134

spirit possession

Question 135

In the village of Krobo in Ghana, each shrine is owned by:
  a certain elderly woman 
  a specific family 
  a secret society 
  the richest man 
  a powerful chief

Answer 135

a specific family

Question 136

22

Answer 136

22