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Optometric Practice > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

We are ranked #__ in healthiest nation

A

37

Due to size and diversity

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2
Q

US healthcare characteristics is partially governed by

A

market conditions and population condiitons

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3
Q

Era 1 of healthcare

A

1850-1900. Institutionalization of healthcare.

Dr. Krikbride plans: Systems of mental asylum or to group people with common illnesses.

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4
Q

Era 2 of healthcare

A 
1900-1940's (WWII) 
Medical education is same across country. Advancement in science. 
Hill Burton Act. Requirements include:
-No discrimination (started in 1963) 
-Must do some free care for community 
-Economic Viability 
-Must adopt medicare and medicaid
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5
Q

When did the Hill Burton Act pass?

A

1946 during 79th US congress

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6
Q

Era 3 of healthcare

A

1940-1980 Change in structure of healthcare.

FDRs new deal: medicare and SS

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7
Q

Era 4 of healthcare

A

1980s to present Limited resources and restricted growth

Healthcare reform in 1990 with Clinton admin.
Obama and trump elected to the platform.

Fear vs fact rules public.

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8
Q

ACO

A

Accountable care organization.

Groups of doctors, hospitals, and health care providers who voluntarily come together to give coordinated, high quality care to their medicare patients.

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9
Q

ACOs have a minimum of ___ lives
requirements for advancing ___ practices
Promote ___ services

A

5,000
Evidence based
Preventative

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10
Q

MCO/HMO

A

Pt must select from panel of providers. Managed care organizations.

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11
Q

What percent of total healthcare spending is attributed to eyecare

A

1-2%

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12
Q

% of Comprehensive eye exams does by OD and MD

A

OD: 85%
MD: 15%

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13
Q

OD comprehensive exams vs medical exam percentages

A

80% and 20%

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14
Q

Percentage of comprehensive exams done by OD and MDs that get reimbursed by medicare

A

45% OD

55% MD

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15
Q

Per capita primary eyecare spendings

A

$100

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16
Q

OD sources of revenue in %

A

30% patient payment
30% vision insurance
20% medical insurance
20% government

17
Q

3 aspects of public health

A

Assessment
Policy development
Assurance

18
Q

Tertiary prevention
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
Primordial prevention

A

tertiary: Treating someone for the disease they have. Prevent from getting worse.

Secondary: Screening high risk populations. People are asymptomactic.

Primary: Treating diabetes or consulting a smoker is primary for preventing future eye issues. treating the risk factor. Support, educate, and promote healthy eye behaviors.

Primordial: Preventing pt from getting risk factor/primary

19
Q

3 ways to think about health

A
  1. Medical tradition- focused on individual
  2. Environmental. External factors affect health.
  3. Social. Interactions of pt and environment.
20
Q

Health disparities

A
  1. Health inequalities. What we cannot change. Race, gender, age, geographic region.
  2. Health inequities. What we can change. Income, education, access to fitness, food
21
Q

Equality vs equity

A

Equality: Everyone gets same thing
Equity: Justice. Fairness. Providing people with the resources and opportunities they need.

22
Q

Situational vs generational poverty

A

Situation: Laid off job. Still have baseline life skills. Have ability to pick yourself up by bootstraps.

Generational: Bon into it. Have only known being poor. Will view world very differently.

23
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

The study of populations. Rate and distribution of disease.

The study of how and why diseases and other conditions are distributed within the population the way they are.

24
Q

Father of epidemiology

A

Dr. John Snow.

1854 Soho London

25
Q

Descriptive Epidemiology

A

Place, person, and time. Search for clues. Formulate hypothesis. No comparison group.

26
Q

Analytic epidemiology

A

Host, environment, agent.
How and why
Clues available. Test hypothesis. Comparison group.

27
Q

Triad for descriptive and analytic epidemiology

A

Descriptive: Place, person, time
Analytic: Host, environment, agent.

28
Q

3 directions of analytic studying

A

Cohort study: Person was exposed to disease. What will happen next?

Case control study: Person has disease. Where did they get it?

Cross sectional study: Consider both.

29
Q

Incidence

A

Rate of risk. New cases.

Dropping into the bathtub.

30
Q

Prevalence

A

Measurement of all cases- new and old that are present at a certain time. Excludes people who have gotten better or who have died.

31
Q

When to use incidence?

A

When discussing acute cases. Contagious.

32
Q

When to use prevalence?

A

When discussing chronic cases. glaucoma.

33
Q

Sensitivity

A

True positive rate. Percentage of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition.

34
Q

Specificity

A

True negative rate. Percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition.

35
Q

False positive rate=

A

1 - specificity

Optometric Practice (3 decks)

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