Historical Development

Question 1

John McAllister did what

Answer 1

Purchased a bushel basket of glasses in 1783. Started the first optical firm in the USA. In philadelphia, PA.

This is when optometry first appears on the american scene.

Question 2

How did the war of 1812 impact optometry

Answer 2

It stopped the import of spectacles for nearly a decade. Couldn’t import materials from Europe. Had to make them here. When the first lenses were made in the country.

Question 3

Mid to late 1800’s- which three instruments were invented and by who

Answer 3

Von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope in 1851
Hermann Snellen devises the acuity chart in 1862
Cuignet demonstrated the retinoscope in 1873

Question 4

The father of modern optometry and what did he invent

Answer 4

Charles Prentice invented static and dynamic retinoscopy, prentices rule, schematic eye, and dioptric power of lenses.
In 1886 he published ophthalmic lenses.
Organized the NY optical society.

He decided that we aren’t just sales people, we are providing a service and we should get paid for it.

Question 5

What occurred in 1901 due to Charles Prentice

Answer 5

The first licensure law was passed in Minnesota.

Question 6

Man who is contemporary of Charles Prentice

Answer 6

Andrew Cross

Question 7

What did andrew cross believe

Answer 7

That education was the key to the advance of the profession. Not legislation.

Question 8

Who is the father of behavioral optometry

Answer 8

A.M Skeffington

Question 9

What did Irvin M Borish do

Answer 9

Wrote “Clinical Refraction.” Defined how to refract. Also played a role in founding the Indiana university school of optometry

Question 10

In 1900’s, what was the main focus of optometry

Answer 10

Focused on education and growth

Question 11

Early 1900s. Where were the first university courses at?

Answer 11

At Columbia university (no longer a school).

Optometrists advocate for regulations of drivers with defective vision.

Question 12

Landmark ruling when the supreme court ruled that optometry is a separate calling’s from medicine and not a minor branch of medicine.

Answer 12

In 1915, in PA supreme court. about 30 years after charles prentice.

Question 13

Dr. Charles Sheard is known as

Answer 13

The father of the four year degree. (not doctoral level).
He believed that the four year program would elevate optometry to a true profession.

Launched program at the ohio state university. Wanted to start unified curriculum.

Question 14

What year and when was the first doctor of optometry degree

Answer 14

1923. PCO.

Question 15

When was a bill introduced to define scope as “That taught in optometry schools.”

Answer 15

In 1940 in PA. Did not pass. This is how medicine is regulated. Would really change things if this is how optometry was.

Question 16

What year did professional advancement occur in the military service/commissions?

Answer 16

1941-1960. Inter professional relations.

Question 17

When was the first bill introduced to authorize diagnostic pharmaceuticals like dilation drops?

Answer 17

In 1961 by PA. Did not pass.

Question 18

The laguardia conference

Answer 18

Organized by Dr. Norman Haffner in 1968. This laid the foundation for modern primary care optometry

Question 19

Norman Haffner

Answer 19

ORganized the Laguardia conference in 1968. Laid the foundation for modern primary care optometry.

Question 20

What occurred in 1971

Answer 20

First DPA (diagnostic pharmaceutical law) law passed in Rhode Island.

Question 21

When was the first DPA (diagnostic pharmaceutical law) law passed and where

Answer 21

1971 in Rhode Island

Question 22

What occurred in 1976

Answer 22

First TPA (therapeutic) law passed in West Virgina. Now allowed to write prescriptions.

VA optometry service established

Question 23

Where and when was the first TPA (therapeutic) law passed?

Answer 23

1976 in west virginia

Question 24

what is “truthful advertising”?

Answer 24

Developed in 1977. Supreme court allows professionals to utilize advertisements for their business.

Question 25

When did the medicare parity legislation pass and what did this do for optometry?

Answer 25

It passed in 1986 by Reagan. Before, optometrists would only get reimbursed by medicare for work with aphakic patients (patients without lenses).

After, optometrists were reimbursed. You do exam and put in exam code? You get paid.

Question 26

When was the first state law that authorized use of lasers? And where

Answer 26

Oklahoma in 1998. Now 4 states can use lasers- KY, LA, and Arkansas

Question 27

First notation of optometry as a primary health care discipline by a branch of the federal government

Answer 27

2010, part of the ACA

Question 28

Harkin Amendment following the ACA in 2010 did what

Answer 28

Prevented insurances from discriminating against optometry with their policies.