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FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Drug

A

Any substance other than food/water that is taken in order to change the structure/function of the body

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2
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

One that exerts its effects on the brain, causing a change in perception, mood, thinking, and/or behaviour

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3
Q

Drug abuse

A

Excessive drug use that is inconsistent with accepted medical practice

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4
Q

Routes of administration

A
  • intravenous
  • intramuscular
  • inhalation
  • subcutaneous
  • injection
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5
Q

What route of admin is more likely to cause dependence ?

A

Injecting/smoking

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6
Q

Most widely used psychoactive drug in NA

A

Caffeine

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7
Q

Psychoactive drugs - opioids

A

Opiate narcotics

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8
Q

Psychoactive drugs - stimulant

A
  • caffeine
  • tobacco (nicotine)
  • cocaine
  • amphetamines
  • ecstasy
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9
Q

Psychoactive drugs - depressants

A
  • ethanol

- cannabis

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10
Q

Psychoactive drugs - hallucinogens

A

LSD, mushrooms, PCP

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11
Q

Acute + chronic effects of caffeine

A

A: -Mild stimulant - relatively harmless
-excess consumption can cause shaking, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, irreg heartbeat

C: -withdrawal can cause irritability, drowsiness and headache

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12
Q

Acute + chronic effects of tobacco

A

A: -nicotine can cause an increase in BP and heart rate, cardiac contractions, release of adrenaline

C: -can cause bronchitis, emphysema and reproductive complications

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13
Q

Acute + chronic effects of cocaine

A

A: -rapid heart/breathing rate, decreased appetite

C: insomnia, weight loss, impotence, suppress desire for food, sex, sleep, stroke, neurological damage

*OD can cause death due too heart irregularities

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14
Q

A+C effects of amphetamines

A

A: paranoia, visual + auditory hallucinations and delusions

C; anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances and violent behaviour

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15
Q

A+C ecstasy

A

A: serotonin imbalances, promotes symptoms of depression

C: short term memory loss, confusion

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16
Q

A+C of cannabis

A

A: mild euphoria, heightened perception, euphoria, drowsiness, red eyes

C: interfere with memory/learning, reproductive dysfunction, promote schizophrenia

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17
Q

A+C hallocingoens

A

A: distort perception of reality, cause emotional swings

C; weight loss, depression, memory loss

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18
Q

A+C opioids

A

A: causes relaxation, euphoria, slowed breathing, slurred speech, impaired balance and coordination

C: irregular heart beat, increased risk of heart attack, depression, severe abdominal pain

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19
Q

A+C alcohol

A

A: mild euphoria, relaxation, altered judgement, impaired motor skills

C: alcohol abuse, dependence, alcoholism

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20
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

Continued use of alcohol despite awareness of social, occupational, psychological or physical problems related to its use, or use of alcohol in dangerous ways or situations

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21
Q

Alcoholism

A

Inability to control drinking, unmanageable life, preoccupation with alcohol, continued use of alcohol despite adverse consequences and distorted thinking (denial)

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22
Q

Risk factors drug dependence

A
  • depression, bipolar, anxiety, schizophrenia
  • low self esteem, problems with relationships
  • easy access to drugs
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23
Q

Stages of drug use

A
  • experimental: peers/recreational
  • regular: missing work, worries about losing drug source
  • daily preoccupation: loss of motivation, obvious behaviour changes
  • dependence: cant face daily life without drugs, denies problem
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24
Q

Treatment:

A

-needs to admit they have a problem and address underlying causes of dependency

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25
Four pillars drug strategy
-prevention, treatment, harm reduction, enforcement
26
Self efficacy
Ones belief they can achieve a desired goal
27
Autonomy
Independence
28
Asserting oneself
Recognizing feelings and making needs and desires clear to others
29
Connectedness
People who feel connected to others tend to be healthier physically and psychologically
30
Overcoming loneliness
Developing skills to fulfill our own potential and learning to reach out to others
31
Facing social anxiety
Ability to identify negative thoughts and then analyze and challenge them
32
Mental disorder
Persistent disturbance/dysfunction in behaviour, thoughts/emotions that causes significant distress/impairment
33
GAD - generalized anxiety disorder
- chronic, irrational worry about daily events | - extreme agitation, fatigue, feelings of sadness and depression, nausea, trembling, muscle tension, headache
34
OCD
-obsessions, compulsions, rituals
35
Panic disorder
- recurrent panic attacks without warning | - chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, feeling of impending doom
36
Agoraphobia
Avoiding social situations for fear of panic attack and not being able to escape
37
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia: loss of appetite Associated with: - an intense fear of becoming fat - feeling food enemy - distorted body image - leading mortal psychiatric disorder
38
Bulimia nervosa
- binge eating followed by purging | - erosion of tooth enamel, damage to esophagus, dehydration, disturbed electrolyte balance
39
Risk factors for eating disorders
- dieting - low self esteem - parental attitudes and behaviours - peer pressure
40
Phobias
- marked, persistent, excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities/ situations
41
Social phobias
Paralyzing fear related to social situations
42
Specific phobias
-fear of something
43
Depression and depressive disorders
Symptoms: - help/hopelessness, extreme guilt - disturbed sleep, changes in eating patterns - fatigue - anhedonia - inability to enjoy life, suicidal thoughts
44
Bipolar disorder
- periods of depression followed by mania | - mania: extreme euphoria, rapid speech, lack of need to sleep
45
Suicide
2nd leading cause of death for 15-34 yo -often associated with depressive disorders, feelings of hopelessness, rejection and lack of self worth
46
Schizophrenia
- a psychotic disorder than profoundly impairs sense of reality - onset 16-30 yo
47
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Symptoms PRESENT that should be absent - hallucinations - delusions - disorganized speech - grossly disorganized behaviour
48
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Symptoms ABSENT that should be present - lack of motivation - blunted feelings - depression - social withdrawal
49
Psychiatrists
Medical doctors, can prescribe drugs
50
Psychologist
Graduate degree, cannot prescribe
51
Social worker
UGD, masters and license
52
Psychotherapy
Counselling via various techniques
53
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Examines past experiences and how they affect current behaviour
54
Cognitive behavioural theory (CBT)
Variety of techniques work towards changing negative patterns of thought and action into positive ones
55
Psychiatric drug therapy
Prescription drugs — act on compromised neural pathways
56
Stress
The non specific response of the body to any demand made upon it
57
Psychological stressors
Anxiety, fear, excitement
58
Physiological stressors
Pain, cold, exercise, hunger, trauma
59
Environmental stressors
Pollution, noise, poverty, and prejudice
60
Distress
Negative stress | - too much/too little
61
Distress
Positive stress | -right amount
62
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome
Stressor, alarm, resistance, exhaustion OR illness/death
63
Physiological response to stress
- heart rate and BP - rate and depth of respiration - skeletal muscle tension
64
Acute effects of stress
- breathing quickens - brain becomes more alert - heart rate increase - adrenal glands produce stress hormones - digestive system slows down - muscles tense
65
Chronic effects of stress
- cortisol increases glucose production in the liver, causing renal hypertension - brain becomes more alert - baseline anxiety level can increase - heart rate increases - adrenal glands produce stress hormones
66
3 general approaches to stress
- change stressor - remove yourself from stressor - change response
67
Features and benefits of intimate relationships
.
68
Self perception
Can influence interactions with others, lack of self esteem can impact relationships
69
Sex
Biological categorization
70
Gender
Social categorization based on psychological characteristics
71
Sexual orientation
An individuals emotional and erotic orientation toward members of the same sex/another sex
72
Ovum
Unites with sperm (fertilization)
73
Ovaries
- production of eggs, released during ovulation | - production estrogen and progesterone
74
Uterine tube
Site of fertilization
75
Uterus
Region where fetus develops
76
Vagina
Canal for childbirth, penis
77
Vulva
- mons pubis - labia (major/minor) - clitoris
78
Testes
Produce sperm and testosterone
79
Scrotum
Encloses and protects testes
80
Epididymis
Stores sperm
81
Vas deferens
Connects the epididymis with the urethra
82
Urethra
Transports both semen and urine through the penis and out of the body
83
Penis
3 types of erectile tissue
84
4 stages of human sexual response
Excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution
85
Excitement phase
Male more quickly aroused compared to F
86
Plateau phase
Full arousal, not yet at orgasm
87
Orgasmic phase
Female experience prolonged orgasm/multiple — compared to mal, F may need clitoris stimulation
88
Refractory period
Orgasm cannot happen during this time
89
Resolution phase
Female can be longer than male
90
Male performance concerns
1. Erectile dysfunction | 2. Premature ejaculation
91
Female performance concerns
Female sexual dysfucntion
92
Viral STIs
HPV HSV HIV HEP
93
HPV
Most preventable STI - genital warts - cancers - most infections clear up on their own - persistent infections — high risk of developing pre cancerous cervical changes Prevention: vaccine
94
HSV - herpes simplex virus
HSV1 - cold sores HSV2 - genital herpes - life long infection but can remain asymptomatic - contagious if sores visible - most infected as children Prevention: no cure
95
Hepatitis
A/E —oral/fecal B/C/D — body fluids - inflammation of the liver - most new infections of HEP C thru drug injections/ risky sexual behaviours Prevention: vaccine (hep a/b) — TWINRIX
96
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus TRANSMISSION
- unprotected sex - contaminated needles - infected mother to fetus
97
HIV
- destroys T cells - replicates fast + mutates NO vaccine Treatment: HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) If untreated AIDS
98
Bacterial STIs + treatment/prevention
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Treatment: antibiotics Prevention: unprotected sex
99
Chlamydia symptoms
- Pelvic inflammatory disease - disrupted menstruation - pelvic pain - nausea/vomiting - discharge
100
Chlamydia
- most prevalent STI - common and easily treated - if untreated — can lead to ectopic pregnancy, sterility - can be passed from mother to infant
101
Gonorrhea men
- can spread and cause inflammation of epididymis, prostate and urethra - cloudy pelvic discharge
102
Gonorrhea women
Can spread and cause PID | Green/yellowish discharge
103
Syphilis primary stage
Sore/lesion -
104
Syphilis secondary stage
Rash on hands, feet, all over
105
Syphilis tertiary stage
- irreversible damage to nervous system and disfigurement — tumblr masses - heart failure, blindness, mental disturbance
106
Factors that put people @ greater risk of STIs
- vulnerability - multiple partners - unaware of partners history - failure to use protection - lack of STI testing
107
Sperm travels...
``` Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Urethra Vagina Cervix Uterus Uterine tubes ```
108
Barrier contraceptives
- diaphragm | - cervical cap
109
Implanted contraceptives
IUD
110
Hormonal contraceptives
- pill - injectable - contraceptive patch - hormonal ring
111
Permanent contraceptive
- tuba litigation | - vasectomy
112
Non prescriptive contraceptives
- male/female condom - spermicide - contraceptive sponge
113
Natural BC
- outercourse - abstinence - pull out - fertility awareness
114
Abortion | -
- 9 weeks: pill - 16 weeks: vacuum aspiration - 23 weeks: dilatation and evacuation

BPK 140 (3 decks)

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