Final Flashcards
Who believed group therapy was most successful when therapists assume patients will display interpersonal problems toward other members in the group?
Irvin Yalom
What therapy styles were adapted to group therapy?
Cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, psychotherapy
Universality
“We’re all in the same boat” phenomenon in group therapy
Group Cohesiveness
Where one has feelings of interconnectedness to the whole group, Yalom believed it was similar to the therapeutic alliance BUT with the entire group, thus making the therapist to individual relationship more important
Why do group therapists push for members to focus on the ____ and ____ with relationships with group members?
Here and now because they want to shine the spotlight on which members relate to one another to enlighten members about their interpersonal tendencies
What are two situations in which group ethics need to be applied?
- ) Co-therapists must be compatible it not necessarily have identical orientations
- ) Emphasize no socializing outside of groups in case of more loyalty to that friendship and having others feel left out
Social Microcosm
In group therapy relationship problems in life will be similar to relationships formed with fellow group members
What approach does family therapy use?
The systems approach to problems focuses of circular causality versus linear causality
Circular causation
Events influence one another in a reciprocal way
Linear Causation
Endorsed by individual therapists, events from the past cause or determine events in the present in a unidirectional or “one way street” manner
Functionalism
Psychological symptoms may be seen as maladaptive but adaptive within the family
What is one technique used by family therapists that the clients create a family tree that incorporates detailed info about the relationships between family members for at least 3 generations.
Genogram
What are the concepts of Structural Family Therapy developed by Salvador Minuchin?
- ) subsystems within families (parents/siblings)
2. ) boundaries between those subsystems
If families boundaries are too rigid?
They can become Disengaged by low emotional connections with each other that interferes with familial support
If family boundaries are too permeable?
They can become Enmeshed member’s feel “smothered” which discourages autonomy and differentiation
What is the focus of Intergenerational Family Therapy developed by Murray Bowen?
Dysfunction carries down for generations, so clients must create a genogram going back 3 generations to see how emotionally fused they are
What occurs in triangulation?
Parents are in conflict so one attempts to convince a child to be their ally
What are the concepts of Strategic Family Therapy developed by Jay Haley?
Reframing problems by using directives and paradoxical interventions
What type of family therapy uses exception questions such as “When was this not a problem for you?” or “When your problems are not so bad, what have you done to make them better?”
Solution-focused Therapy
What are the concepts behind Narrative family therapy style?
Highlights client’s tendencies to create meanings about themselves and the events in their lives in particular ways, some of which may cause psychological problems.
Pediatric Psychology
Promotes both the mental and physical health of children with medical conditions
What are 3 childhood externalizing disorders?
ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional disorder
What are two main internalizing disorders for children?
Depression and anxiety disorders
What are factors that affect a child’s vulnerability to psychological problems?
Environmental - poverty, single parenthood
Parental - low parent IQ,
Child - negative temperament
What are factors developed by Grotberg (2003) that contribute to a child’s resilience?
Beliefs in: I have (external supports) I am (inner strengths) I can (problem solving skills)
Health Psychology
How psychological processes (thoughts, moods, socialization) influence health and illness. Physical well-being and wellness
Fight or flight response
When an organism perceives a threat the body rapidly mobilizes energy reserves via the sympathetic nervous system which is an adaptive in human evolution
What are consequences of stress?
Physical diseases, ulcers, migraine headaches, fertility problems
Hans Selye developed _______ GAS as the body’s response to high sustained levels of stress.
General Adaptation Syndrome when have repeatedly long exposures to stress irreversible body damage occurs
Coping
The process of managing demands that are appraised as exceeding the resources of the person.
Social support
The perception that one has relationships with others who can provide support in a time of crisis and can share in good fortune as well.
ABCDS of weight loss
Activity increase, behavior change, cognitive change, dietary change, and social support
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
By over-activating the HPA axis The increased level or cortisol weakens the immune system
What is one predictor of a smoker’s relapse?
The presence of smokers in a person’s social group
Alcohol Dependence
The physiological and maladaptive states of tolerance and withdrawal
Tolerance
When the body requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired affect
Withdrawal
When cessation of the substance produces negative symptoms
Detoxification
Alcohol dependence treatment
Chronic Pain
Pain that lasts a minimum of 6 months or longer
Biofeedback
Purpose is to achieve control over the body via educating patients about bodily processes of which they are typically unaware.
Relaxation Training
Teaching clients to consciously shift their bodies into a state of lowered tension and arousal which is a fast alternative treatment of pain control
What are smoking risk factors?
Stroke, cancer, and heart problems
Pennebaker journaled what?
Positive effects of physical and psychological health
What can psychologists help with in medical procedures?
Help with patient’s medical procedures, surgery, chemotherapy, demystify procedures, increase patient’s sense of control
Forensic Psychology
Application of psychological methods and principles within the legal system
What do forensic psychologist do?
Assessments, predictions of dangerousness, mental status
What is not an appropriate method to assess criminals?
Projective Personality Tests
Predicting Dangerousness
More likely to have more arrests of false positives and false negatives
Not guilty by reason of insanity
The forensic psychologist must figure out the mental status of the defendant at the time crime committed. It varies between states and no agreement as to if it is a mental disease or defect
M’Naghten Test
First legal standard for the insanity defense in the history of the American legal system
Child Custody Evaluations
A guardian ad litem is appointed to protects the rights of the child. They use psychological tests, interviews with the parents, and the children are most important
Competency to Stand Trial
A person accused of crime cannot be tried in court unless the person is mentally fit, which Dusky v. United States establishedb
Civil Committment
A mental institution is a process by which a person is involuntarily hospitalized by civil authorities for the welfare of the person and others
An expert witness is questioned to be approved for court
Voire Dire
Daubert Standards
The admissibility of evidence or testimony in court is based on its reliability and validity rather than its general acceptance in the field
Fitness for duty evaluations
Clinical psychologists are hired by law enforcement agencies to use their psychotherapy skills for pre-employment and fitness-for-duty evaluations
Current police officers must undergo an evaluation after a traumatic incident in case of a psychological disorder.
