Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminology Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The philosophy that the government becomes responsible for the care of children and youth is known as:

A

Parens Patrice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called

A

Status offense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The age at which a youth comes under the juvenile courts jurisdiction is established by

A

Each state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The official halting of for al juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral to a care programs by a private or public service agency is known as

A

Diversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Retributive justice

A

Is when revenge is sought for behavior that is unlawful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The FBI s uniform crime report

A

Measures violent and property crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The first house of refuge was located in

A

New York

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The four d’s of juvenile justice are

A

Destitutionalization, diversion, due process, and decriminalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In breed v jones the Supreme Court held that

A

A juvenile cannot be adjudicated in juvenile court and tied again in adult criminal court for the same offense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The medical model note that the cause of crime was be ause of

A

Disease of society or the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The theory that suggests individuals within a society agree on basic values is called

A

Consensus theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following suggests that laws are established to keep the ruling class is power

A

Conflict theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The 2 competing views that exist regarding responsibility for crime are

A

Classical view and positivist view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crimes. That were originally differentiated as mala in se have the following characteristics

A

Wrong in and of itself, origins in mores, natural law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social control theorists focus on

A

Why people do not commit crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When discussing theories in delinquency what is true

A

A single theory is not sufficient to explain delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conflict theory emphasizes what

A

How law is used as a means by which certain groups dominate others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A motivated offender, suitable target and a lack of a capable guardian are examples of which of the following theories

A

Routine activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Principles of classical theory include what

A

Individuals have free will, laws should bring happiness to the largest number of people, those who break the law should be punished accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In general as youths approach adolescence the

A

Influence of peers becomes stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The most formative years of a child’s life is

A

Birth to 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The fourth grade plunge is apparent when

A

Students begin to be identified with significant academic deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Risk factors have been identified in the following areas

A

Family, school, peers,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The three pathways of disruptive behavior include the following

A

Authority conflict pathways
Covert behavior pathway
Overt behavior pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The overt behavior pathway includes

A

Annoying others
Bullying
Fighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The largest single cause of death in young children is

A

Neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The broken home in and of itself

A

Does not cause delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The leading cause of teen suicide is

A

Untreated depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sexual abuse by a parent or other family member is referred to as

A

Intrafamilial sexual abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Status offenses can include

A

Running away, habitual truancy, violating curfew, early substance abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The most frequent self reported offense for those 16 and older is

A

Liquor law violations

32
Q

High school seniors self report being engaged most frequently in

A

Shoplifting

33
Q

Which type of juvenile crime has experienced a decrease in arrests in the past decade

A

Property crime

34
Q

Regressed sexual offenders possess the following characteristics

A

Prefer female victims, offend in response to stress, use the victim as an alternate sex partner

35
Q

Is skipping school an example of a status offense

A

Yes

36
Q

According to self reports is delinquency almost universal

A

Yes

37
Q

Does self report data reveal the same prevalence and frequency of offending and court records

A

Nope

38
Q

Are youths arrested

A

No, they are taken into custody

39
Q

The holding in re gault is thought to be the most important event in history of juvenile justice

A

Yep

40
Q

An example of conflict theory would be today’s vagrancy laws

A

Yes

41
Q

A leader in the classical school was cesare beccaria

A

Yes

42
Q

Classical, theorists believed that delinquency was the result of

A

Free will

43
Q

The focus of the classical view of criminality is on the criminal true or false

A

False

44
Q

Should a combination of theories be considered when attempting to explain delinquency

A

Yes

45
Q

Research has shown that children of incarcerated pare to are 5 or 6 times more likely to become involved in crime. T or f

A

True

46
Q

Research indicates that early intervention focusing on at risk use is a valid preventative tool

A

True

47
Q

Protective factors also relate to

A

Individual, family, school peers and community

48
Q

A risk factor doesn’t make offending a certainty

A

True

49
Q

Using illegal credit cards is an example of overt behavior q

A

False

50
Q

The cycle of violence has been used to describe the phenomenon where a victim is transformed into the victimizer over time

A

True

51
Q

Expressive violence is a way to vent emotions t or f

A

True

52
Q

Girls traditionally enter the Jj system by involvement in violent offenses t or f

A

False

53
Q

Forcefully robbing another youth of his or her team jacket is an example of instrumental violence t or f

A

True

54
Q

The underlying premise of the first jj court was the responsibility of what to protect its youth

A

State

55
Q

An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called a

A

Status offense

56
Q

A what is a youth who commits an act that would be a crime if it were to be committed by an adult

A

Delinquent

57
Q

The most commonly recognized oldest age for juvenile courts jurisdiction in delinquency matters is

A

17

58
Q

The terminology used in the juvenile justice system emphasized the importance of protecting youth from

A

Labeling

59
Q

The secure placement of a youth into a facility at some point during the court proceedings of their case is referred to as

A

Detention

60
Q

The child savers believed that children’s environments could make them bad, consequently these individuals attempted to save children by placing them in

A

Foster homes and reform schools

61
Q

Acts that are considered immoral or wrong in and of themselves like murder are called

A

Mala in se

62
Q

The 2 opposing views exist as to whom or what is responsible for crime are the

A

Classical and positivist view

63
Q

In labeling theory what is the initial criminal act and what is accepting criminal label

A

Primary deviance, secondary deviance

64
Q

Frequent hunger, poor hygiene, inappropriate dress, constant lack of supervision are considered what of child neglect

A

Physical indicators

65
Q

What laws are one way for communities to lower their incidents of juvenile crime after a certain hour

A

Curfew laws

66
Q

Sexual offenders are categorized int 2 categories

A

Regressed and fixated

67
Q

5 domains of risk factors

A

individual, family, school, peer, community

68
Q

identifiable leadership, claim territory and engage in criminal activity

A

street gang

69
Q

The cycle of violence occurs due to this phenomenon

A

Learned behavior

70
Q

They comprise about 8-30 percent of the gang membership

A

female gang membes

71
Q

they are thought to be the 2 leading causes of child abuse

A

poverty and violence between spouses

72
Q

Appointed by the juvenile court judge this position serves to represent youths and their best interests

A

guardian ad litem

73
Q

It is the official holding of formal juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral to a treatment or care program by a private or public service agency

A

diversion

74
Q

they are acts prohibited because they infringe on others rights not because they are necessarily evil by nature

A

mala prohibita

75
Q

Once a petition is filed this process begins

A

adjudication process

76
Q

it was an effort undertaken to combat the rise of youth firearms violence

A

youth firearms violence initiative

77
Q

it exists in some states where certain offenses reside in both the juvenile and criminal adult courts

A

concurrent jurisdiction

Criminology Final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions