Final Flashcards
The philosophy that the government becomes responsible for the care of children and youth is known as:
Parens Patrice
An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called
Status offense
The age at which a youth comes under the juvenile courts jurisdiction is established by
Each state
The official halting of for al juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral to a care programs by a private or public service agency is known as
Diversion
Retributive justice
Is when revenge is sought for behavior that is unlawful
The FBI s uniform crime report
Measures violent and property crimes
The first house of refuge was located in
New York
The four d’s of juvenile justice are
Destitutionalization, diversion, due process, and decriminalization
In breed v jones the Supreme Court held that
A juvenile cannot be adjudicated in juvenile court and tied again in adult criminal court for the same offense
The medical model note that the cause of crime was be ause of
Disease of society or the individual
The theory that suggests individuals within a society agree on basic values is called
Consensus theory
Which of the following suggests that laws are established to keep the ruling class is power
Conflict theory
The 2 competing views that exist regarding responsibility for crime are
Classical view and positivist view
Crimes. That were originally differentiated as mala in se have the following characteristics
Wrong in and of itself, origins in mores, natural law
Social control theorists focus on
Why people do not commit crimes
When discussing theories in delinquency what is true
A single theory is not sufficient to explain delinquency
Conflict theory emphasizes what
How law is used as a means by which certain groups dominate others
A motivated offender, suitable target and a lack of a capable guardian are examples of which of the following theories
Routine activities
Principles of classical theory include what
Individuals have free will, laws should bring happiness to the largest number of people, those who break the law should be punished accordingly
In general as youths approach adolescence the
Influence of peers becomes stronger
The most formative years of a child’s life is
Birth to 3
The fourth grade plunge is apparent when
Students begin to be identified with significant academic deficits
Risk factors have been identified in the following areas
Family, school, peers,
The three pathways of disruptive behavior include the following
Authority conflict pathways
Covert behavior pathway
Overt behavior pathway
The overt behavior pathway includes
Annoying others
Bullying
Fighting
The largest single cause of death in young children is
Neglect
The broken home in and of itself
Does not cause delinquency
The leading cause of teen suicide is
Untreated depression
Sexual abuse by a parent or other family member is referred to as
Intrafamilial sexual abuse
Status offenses can include
Running away, habitual truancy, violating curfew, early substance abuse
The most frequent self reported offense for those 16 and older is
Liquor law violations
High school seniors self report being engaged most frequently in
Shoplifting
Which type of juvenile crime has experienced a decrease in arrests in the past decade
Property crime
Regressed sexual offenders possess the following characteristics
Prefer female victims, offend in response to stress, use the victim as an alternate sex partner
Is skipping school an example of a status offense
Yes
According to self reports is delinquency almost universal
Yes
Does self report data reveal the same prevalence and frequency of offending and court records
Nope
Are youths arrested
No, they are taken into custody
The holding in re gault is thought to be the most important event in history of juvenile justice
Yep
An example of conflict theory would be today’s vagrancy laws
Yes
A leader in the classical school was cesare beccaria
Yes
Classical, theorists believed that delinquency was the result of
Free will
The focus of the classical view of criminality is on the criminal true or false
False
Should a combination of theories be considered when attempting to explain delinquency
Yes
Research has shown that children of incarcerated pare to are 5 or 6 times more likely to become involved in crime. T or f
True
Research indicates that early intervention focusing on at risk use is a valid preventative tool
True
Protective factors also relate to
Individual, family, school peers and community
A risk factor doesn’t make offending a certainty
True
Using illegal credit cards is an example of overt behavior q
False
The cycle of violence has been used to describe the phenomenon where a victim is transformed into the victimizer over time
True
Expressive violence is a way to vent emotions t or f
True
Girls traditionally enter the Jj system by involvement in violent offenses t or f
False
Forcefully robbing another youth of his or her team jacket is an example of instrumental violence t or f
True
The underlying premise of the first jj court was the responsibility of what to protect its youth
State
An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called a
Status offense
A what is a youth who commits an act that would be a crime if it were to be committed by an adult
Delinquent
The most commonly recognized oldest age for juvenile courts jurisdiction in delinquency matters is
17
The terminology used in the juvenile justice system emphasized the importance of protecting youth from
Labeling
The secure placement of a youth into a facility at some point during the court proceedings of their case is referred to as
Detention
The child savers believed that children’s environments could make them bad, consequently these individuals attempted to save children by placing them in
Foster homes and reform schools
Acts that are considered immoral or wrong in and of themselves like murder are called
Mala in se
The 2 opposing views exist as to whom or what is responsible for crime are the
Classical and positivist view
In labeling theory what is the initial criminal act and what is accepting criminal label
Primary deviance, secondary deviance
Frequent hunger, poor hygiene, inappropriate dress, constant lack of supervision are considered what of child neglect
Physical indicators
What laws are one way for communities to lower their incidents of juvenile crime after a certain hour
Curfew laws
Sexual offenders are categorized int 2 categories
Regressed and fixated
5 domains of risk factors
individual, family, school, peer, community
identifiable leadership, claim territory and engage in criminal activity
street gang
The cycle of violence occurs due to this phenomenon
Learned behavior
They comprise about 8-30 percent of the gang membership
female gang membes
they are thought to be the 2 leading causes of child abuse
poverty and violence between spouses
Appointed by the juvenile court judge this position serves to represent youths and their best interests
guardian ad litem
It is the official holding of formal juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral to a treatment or care program by a private or public service agency
diversion
they are acts prohibited because they infringe on others rights not because they are necessarily evil by nature
mala prohibita
Once a petition is filed this process begins
adjudication process
it was an effort undertaken to combat the rise of youth firearms violence
youth firearms violence initiative
it exists in some states where certain offenses reside in both the juvenile and criminal adult courts
concurrent jurisdiction
