Final Flashcards
4 Functions of Communication
- control member behavior
- foster motivation for what is to be done
- provide a release for emotional expression
- provide info needed to make decisions
Define the communication process.
steps between sources and receiver that result in the transfer and understanding of meaning
What are the 8 key parts to the communication process.
- the sender
- encoding
3 the message - the channel
- decoding
- the receiver
- noise
- feedback
Define the grapvine.
an org’s informal communication within the org
What are the 3 main characteristics of the grapevine?
- informal, not controlled by mgmt
- more believable and reliable than formal communication
- largely used to serve self-interests of those who use it
What are 3 formal small-group networks?
- chain: rigidly follows chain of command
- wheel: relies on central figure to act as channel for all communication (team w/ strong leader)
- all channel: all group members communicate actively w/ each other
what are the 7 barriers to effective communication?
- filtering
- selective perception
- info overload
- emotions
- language
- communication apprehension
- gender difference
How does filtering serve as a barrier to effective communication?
sender’s manipulation of info so it will be seen as favorable for the receiver
How does selective perception serve as a barrier to effective communication?
people selectively interpret what they see on basis of interests, bg, experience, and attitudes
How does info overload serve as a barrier to effective communication?
condition in which infow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity
How does emotion serve as a barrier to effective communication?
how receiver feels at time message is received will influence how a message is interpretted
How does language serve as a barrier to effective communication?
words have multiple meanings
How does communication apprehension serve as a barrier to effective communication?
uncomfortable w/ communication through certain channel
How does gender difference serve as a barrier to effective communication?
- men emphasize status
- women talk to create connections
What component is the contingency theory missing?
environment in which a leader exists
What is the Fiedler Model?
- effect. group performane depends on proper match between leadership style and degree to which a situation gives the leader control
- for effect. leadership: must change to a leader who fits situation or change the situational variables to fit the current leader
- assumes leadership is fixed
What are the 3 situational factors identified by Fiedler’s theory?
- leader-member relations: confidence and trust in leader
- task structure: structure w/in job
- position power: leader’s ability to hire, fire, and reward
What are the 4 parts to Fiedler’s Model?
- LPC to measure whether person is task or relationship oriented
- consider situation and 3 factors
- for favorable or unfavorable conditions, task oriented works best
- for moderate conditions, relationship oriented works best
What are the positives of Fiedler’ Model?
considerable evidence supports model, especially original 8 situations are grouped into 3
What are 2 problems behind Fielder’s model?
- the logic behind the LPC
2. scores are not stable
What is the situational leadership theory?
effect. leadership depends on the follower’s “readiness” or ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task
What are 4 behaviors a leader should chose depending on the followers’ readiness?
- unable + unwilling = give clear and specific directions
- unable + willing = display high task orientation
- able + unwilling = use supportive and participatory style
- able + willing = doesnt need to do much
Define transactional leader.
traditional leader
Define transactional leader. (5)
- idealized influence
- inspirational motivation
- intellectual stimulation
- individual consideration
- inspires followers to transcend their self-interests for good of org
Define charasmatic leader. (4)
- **visionary (key to charasmatic leader)
- unconventional behavior
- sensitivity to followers
- personal risk
Define authentic (ethic) leaders. (3)
- know who they are
- what they believe in and value
- actupon those values and beliefs
What are 5 bases of power?
- coercive power
- reward power
- legitimate power
- expert power
- referent power
What is coercive power?
dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply
What is reward power?
compliance achieved based on ability to distribute rewards
What is legitimate power?
as a result of one’s position in the formal hierarchy of an org
What is expert power?
influence based on special skills or knowledge
What is referent power?
influence based on identification with a person who has desireable resources or personal traits
What 6 individual factors influence political behavior?
- high self-monitors
- internal locis of control
- high Mach personality
- organizational investment
- perceived job alt
- expectations of success
What 9 org factors influence political behavior?
- reallocation of resources
- promotion of opportunities
- low trust
- role ambiguity
- unclear perform. eval. system
- zero-sum reward practices
- democratic decision making
- high performance pressures
- self-serving senior managers
What are 7 impression management (IM) techniques?
- conformity
- excuses
- apologies
- self-promotion
- flattery
- favors
- association
How do IM techniques relate to job interview success?
- self-promotion = most important
- favors = second most important
How do IM techniques relate to performance evaluations?
- favors = positively related to ratings
- self-promotion tends to backfire
