FINAL Flashcards
example of substances that the World Anti Doping Agency considers legal
creatine
which statement best represents the main theme of “schooled”
college athletes have no labor rights
what are the 3 general phases of gaining tribal membership
seperation
transition
incorporation
van raalte (2007) showed that
hazing is not associated with increases in team cohesion
some athlete think deviant hazing behavior is positive
team buidling increased social cohesion not task cohesion
all of the above
why did the US boycott the 1980 Olympics in Moscow
president Carter was protesting Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
what does the social pathology model say
athletes are responsible
assumes flawed charcter traits
fits with american ethod of meritocracy
what does the social structure model say
larger social structure is responsible
institutional accountability
assumes athletes are vulnerable participants in a flawed system
behavior not excused but given context
what does the current structure of thre NCAA reproduce
social and economic inequalities
powerless stay powerless
preserves racial/ethnic stereotypes
trend in college systems/social consequencs
financial aid is given rather to students with physical than with mental skills
academics are deemphasized for athletes
myths related to college sports
AA´s best chance for upward mobility is sport not education
athletes are naturally prone to criminal behavior
AAs are physically superior but academically inferior
how how can student athletes cause changes
they are the driving workforce (especially fb teams have power)
student athletes´ bill of rights according to Sage and Eitzen
right to transfer and play immediately
same rights as other students(speech, privacy, protection from abuse…)
right to make money from endorsements and appearance
be eligible for compensation
have financial agents
why is critical thinking abou youth sports important
most children participate in it
major socialization influence
helps us understant pyschol. charcterisitcs of children
what do children learn through sports
attitudes
values
expectations of society
relationship between socioeconomic status and youth sport participation
kids from low income families -> contact sports, sports with little equipment
kids from upper class -> “aristocratic sports”, more organization, coaching
forms of youth sports play
peer group organized
adult organized
what does youth sport help with
moral development
moral reasoning
both positive and negative effects
specialization
focusing on one sport year-around and often on only one positon
negative effect of youth sports
premature specialization
overuse injuries
pressure to win and only win
how has coaching changed with the rise of youth sports
promoting self-improvement and fun rather than winning
sandwich method
hazing
humilating or dangerous activity expected from individual to join a group
regardless of willingness to participate
social cohesion
how members of a group bond and are unified in values and beliefs
task cohesion
how members of a group work together to achieve common goal
group identity
in group vs out group
membership comes with certain benefits
requires certain costs
team building
required skill development
coerced to engage in deviant behavior
socialization or positive behavior
hazing and team building relation to social and task cohesion
hazing -> increase in team cohesion, decrease in task cohesion
team building -> INCREASE IN SOCIAL COHESION BUT NOT IN TASK COHESION (SLIDE 11 HZING)
how does hazing provide identity
speaking out
ostracized
loss of primary identity
what are problems with hazing policies
difficult to enforce
policies offer no alternatives
no athletes in policy development present
what is necessary for change to occur in the hazing dilemma
administrative support
education and involvement of stakeholders
provision of adequate alternatives
theories related to violence in and out of the arena
instinct aggression theory
frustration aggression theory
aggression socially learned theory
what causes violence
heated rivalries and violence
fanaticism - why do fans get involved
Interactiion ritual theory pride in group membership emotional energy group symbols collective effervescence
factors that make a bad situation worse
alc overuse on-field rivalries delays/game interruptions repeated fouls hot weather referee mistakes lack of space
doping
using banned performance enhacing drugs to gain competetive edge
modern anti doping agencies
WADA
USADA
sport governing bodies
gene doping
gene doping to increase muscle production
risks associated with doping
health
reputation
earning potential
relationships
larger context of doping
systematic sociological issue -> U.S. one of most drugged nations
WADA´s criteria for prohibition
has potential to enhace sport performance
represents actual or potential health risk
violates spirit of sport
substance will be considered if it meets 2 of 3 criteria
what causes doping
pressure to win
“Cold War” of drugs -> my competitors sre doping
$ and fame
seen as another tech.
myths about doping
illegal substances are extremly dangerous
drug testing eliminates cheating
doping is unfair financially
doping disrupts “purity of sport”
who founded the modern olympic games
coubertin in 1894
first summer games in 1896
what does politics include
government
politicians/military leaders
public policies
how is sport used as a propaganda tool
moral/physical superiority nationalism promotion of political/economic ideology justifying human rights violations image enhancement showing military power
what problems are addressed with sports to promote social change
gender inequality racial segregation labor rights colonization corruption economic oppression
political and economic problems of modern Olympic Games
bribery and corruption human rights violations acts of terrorism cost overruns displacement of people
fitnes paradox
expansion in fitness, exercise, leisure as well as obesity and lifetime disease
what is obesity framed as in the U.S.
time management
lack of diciple
laziness
weakness
problems with view that obesity is caused by laziness…
assumes that individuals makes rational choices
exercise seen consumable - to purchase
commercilization of exercise
exercise seen as punish to get reward
what does it mean to say that american society is obesogenic
causes obesity
how to transform a society from obesogenic to fitnessgenic
create work life environment that encourages physical activity
what is crossfit
competitive group fitness
crossfit population
well educated white collar workforce
wealthy
non-active workforce -> reclaim body
the warrior friendship and chemistry OFF the court is an example of
high social cohesion
“a coach is someone who can give correction without creating resentment” who said that?
former UCLA basketball coach John Wooden
the instinct agression theory argues that violence is sport is a result of
innate aggressive behavior that require periodic release
Sens. McCain and Flake published a report about DOD spending on sports. What did it say
DOD paid millions for patriotic displays at pro games
today most severe youth sport injuries are caused by
overuse due to early specialization
who is ben johnson
canadian sprinter who doped in 1988
US sprinter who won gold in 1988
carl lewis
What are the odds of playing pro football out of high school?
8 out of 10,000
How does income affect the participation of sports in youths?
type of equipment
coaching methods
sport choice
What is Fair Pay to Play act?
college athletes are allowed to sell their names, images, and likenesses.
In 2015, why did the Mizzou football team go on a strike?
President Tim Wolfe mishandled racial issues on campus
he resigned a day after
who founded the olympic games
baro pierre de coubertin
Who left during the Indiana Colts vs San Francisco 49ers game because of Kneeling during the anthem?
Mike Pence
why did colin kaepernick knee during national anthem and not sit
more militaristic approach suggested by nate boyer
“Schooled” depicts what kind of relationship between student athletes and the NCAA?
Strict, only allowing players their scholarships
Which type of attitude best represents the attitude of the coaches in “Friday Night Tykes”?
“Win at all costs!”
Who was considered the “ultimate American” for his decision to quit football to join the military?
Pat Tillman
What are metaphors of war that are commonly used in sport?
throw a bomb+battle in the trenches
heroes and villains
How is Obesity framed?
failure in time management
failure in laziness
failure in weakness
What is Ethnographic data?
observing and participating in CrossFit
semi-structure interviews
informal conversation
What was the infamous “Malice in the Palace”
Conflict between fans and players at an NBA game
What is the definition of a hazing?
humiliating or dangerous activity expected of an individual to join a group
what do smith and smoll say regarding positive coaching
children like coaches
improved self-esteem
reduced droput rates
better performances
who was pat summit
college women´s basketball coach
most win ever
one of toughest coahces in baseball history
what is hazing usually used for
seperation
why does hazing develop among social groups
everyone wants to be part of a group and be accepted
bryan stow
suffered severe brain damage after an assault at dodgers stadium
history of doping
greeks used special pojons
19th century popularity increased
1920s restricitions needed
how many athletes actually dope
estimated 14 - 39%
positive tested < 2%
kevin garnett
former nba player
kellen winslow jr
former nfl player and cinvicted sex offender
examples of militarism in sport post 9/11
first pitch
start of battle vs taliban announced at game
U2 halftime show to honor vitims
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