FINAL Flashcards
accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty
urinary retention
Results from catheterization or procedure
urinary tract infection
Involuntary leakage of urine
urinary incontinence
what is the purpose of Nephrostomy tubes
Small tubes tunneled through the skin into the renal pelvis. Placed to drain the renal pelvis when the ureter is obstructed
characteristics of urine
color, clarity, and odor
normal range of urine production
1-2 L a day
when the brain gives the bladder permission to empty, the bladder contracts, the urinary sphincter relaxes and urine leaves the body through the urethra
micturition
A patient with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus is voicing concerns about kidney disease. The patient asks the nurse where urine is formed in the kidney. The nurse’s response is the:
nephron
areas of the brain involved in bladder control
cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and brainstemqc
common side affect of opioid analgesics
constipation
why is it bad to drink alcohol and take acetaminophens
both are metabolized in the liver which can cause liver damage.
comes from bone, joint, connective tissue, or muscle.
somatic pain
pain that arises from organs
visceral pain
normal GFR rate is
125
protein is normal
6-8.3
rating pain on 1-10 scale for assessment of pain.
0-3 mild pain
4-6 moderate pain
7-10 severe pain (pain emergency)
Drug delivery system that allows patients to self-administer opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl) with minimal risk of overdose
patient controlled analgesia PCA
how is PCA given
IV push or subc
when does PCA deliver the meds
System delivers specific # of doses every 1-4 hours given every 1-15 min
discharge teaching for hydrocodone
look up !!!!!!!
Understanding of peripheral neuropathy in feet
Diabetics
Lose feeling
Wear shoes
This can affect the patient’s response to pain
Manual compression of the bladder walls with each attempted void
credes method
urinary incontinence affects perineal skin
excoriation/redness
turns urine orange
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
what to do for a hip fracture patient who needs to have a BM
raise the head of the bed
Inability of the intestine (bowel) to contract normally and move waste out of the body.
ileus
who’s at risk for an ileus
surgical patients
abnormal findings in the ileostomy stool
blood
Reduction of pressure points with immobile patients to prevent what
decubitus ulcers
Intact skin with non blanchable redness
stage 1
Partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both
stage 2
Full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat
stage 3
Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon
stage 4
what is primary intention healing
surgical incision; wound is closed
what is secondary intention healing
wound is left open and closes naturally
type of wound healing for a laparoscopic appendectomy
primary wound healing
wound heals with scar tissue
secondary wound healing
examples of secondary wound healing
burn, pressure ulcer, or severe laceration
edges of a wound no longer meet.
wound dehiscence
most common wound dehiscence
abdominal incisions- splints
dehiscence with protrusion of visceral organs
Evisceration; medical emergency
what to do for a wound dehiscence
Place sterile saline soaked gauze over extruding tissue and call physician
what is important for wound healing
albumin
what must be debrided
black ulcer covering
type of patient that may require special assistive devices
black ulcers
type of isolation that can occur with hearing and visual impairments
social isolation
with obstructive sleep apnea, what will fall
pulse ox
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
kidneys
if the urine has prolonged contact with the skin what can occur
skin breakdown can occur
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
where is urine formed in the kidney
nephron
drug that changes the urine intense yellow
riboflavin
most UTIs are caused by
e. coli
what is urge incontinence
when your bladder is full and you have to go pee soon bad but you wait and involuntary leakage of urine
what is stress incontinence
when you sneeze, cough; urine associated with effort
urine specimens need to reach the lab in how many hours
2
treat urgency, frequency, nocturia and urgency UI
Antimuscarinics
treat urinary retention
Bethanechol
relax smooth muscle
Tamsulosin and silodosin
shrink the prostate
Finasteride and dutasteride
treat urinary tract infections
antibiotics
adverse effects of Antimuscarinics
dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision
The exercises work by increasing the pressure within the urethra by strengthening the pelvic floor muscles and by inhibiting unwanted bladder contractions.
kegel exercises
patient history of hay fever; asthma; and allergies to certain foods such as bananas, grapes, apricots, kiwi fruit, and hazelnuts
patients at risk for a latex allergy
what to look for with a patient with PCA
monitor for over sedation or respiratory depression
most common cause of peripheral neuropathy is
diabetes ; usually in hands and feet
some people with an allergy to apsirin also have an allergy
to NSAIDS
what is the braden score scale
6-23; 6 being the worst and 23 being the best
what should you do before a dressing change
give medication for pain
tactile
touch
gustatory
taste
the stimulation of sensory nerve fibers and the transmission of impulses to higher centers within the brain
sensory reception
integration and interpretation of stimuli
perception
stimulation of a receptor such as light, touch, or sound
reception
Disruption of flow of fluids in inner ear
Ménière’s Disease
what is stop bang
S-snoring T- tired O- observed apnea P- blood pressure B- BMI more than 35? A- age N- neck circumference greater than 17 G- ender
what is malignant hyperthermia
excessive intracellular Ca
protective reflex response
modulation
awareness, and physiological and behavioral response
perception
pain impulse up spinal cord to the brain
transmission
thermal, mechanical, or chemical pain stimulus
transduction
