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Passive Care > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of inflammatory aka acute phase

A
  • Defend against foreign intruders
  • remove damaged tissue and debris
  • immobilize area
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2
Q

Joint effusion

A

Contained by joint capsule and feels like a waterballon.

Moves when palpated then returns

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3
Q

Edema

A

Fluid in interstitial space and dents/pits when pushed

Circumference measurement is reasonably accurate

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4
Q

PRICES

A 
Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
Support
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5
Q

Compression

A

Decreases edema and bleeding and provides mechanical support

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6
Q

External compression procedure

A

Wrap distal to proximal

May add U or J shaped felt pad to increase

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7
Q

Internal compression

A

Compresses lymph vessels and veins

Done through muscle contractions, ROM, pumping ankles, writing alphabet and isometrics

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8
Q

Purpose of external compression

A
  • Pushes flood toward the heart (therapeutic and prophylactic for DVTs and VTE)
  • pushes arterial blood into extremity
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9
Q

Intermittent compression

A

Acute or chronic edema
Mechanical device used that inflates to compress part

Ex: intermittent sequential graded compression (3 parts) that’s repeated hours per day

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10
Q

Compression gradient in compression garments

A

Increasing compression as continues dismally

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11
Q

What can intermittent compression be combined with

A

Cooling

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12
Q

Effects of elevation

A
  • gravity augments (increases) lymph flow

- elevation above heart significantly reduces edema in 20 minutes

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13
Q

Forms of “support” in PRICES

A
  • nutritional
  • education
  • referral for emotional support
  • bracing, taping, crutches, canes etc
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14
Q

What is taping and bracing good for?

A

Acute support

Bracing may inhibit muscle action

Ex: hamstring inhibition with knee bracing

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15
Q

Ambulatory aids

A

Support/assist when patient cannot walk or put weight on one extremity

-still maintain partial weight bearing but gives local rest to a lower extremity

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16
Q

Fitting of crutches

Positions, arm brace, hand brace

A
  • 6 inches lateral to foot and 2 inches in front of shoe
  • arm brace 1-2” below anterior axillary fold
  • hand brace elbow flexed at 30 degrees
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17
Q

Improper use/fit of crutches may lead to what

A 
-abnormal stress causing:
Lumbar/pelvic subluxation
Low back strain
Hip strain
Crutch palsy (axillary N/vessels-numbness)
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18
Q

Walking with crutches: non-weight bearing vs. partial weight bearing

A

Non weight bearing: tripod gait

Partial weight bearing: tripod or four point gait

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19
Q

Tripod gait: non-weight bearing

A

Affected foot fully elevated

Tips move 12-15” in front and swing both legs between crutches and land on healthy foot

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20
Q

Tripod gait: swing-to gait vs. swing-through gait

A

Swing-to: easier and less coordination

Swing-through: faster, more coordination

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21
Q

Tripod gait: partial weight bearing

A

Aka four point gait

Affected leg and crutches move forward together

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22
Q

Up and down stairs gait options

A

Tripod gait and handrail gait

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23
Q

Handrail gait for up stairs

A

Safer
Both crutches under one arm opposite to the side of the railing and on the affected side if possible.

“The good go up the bad go down”

Unaffected leg steps up followed by the crutches and involved leg

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24
Q

Handrail gait down stairs

A

Crutches opposite of railing on affected side.

Crutches go down first, then affected leg, then unaffected leg

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25
Q

Tripod stair gait up stairs

A

Without railing

Step up with unaffected then crutches and affected leg

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26
Q

Tripod stair gait down stairs

A

Without railing

Crutches and affected leg step first, then unaffected leg follows

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27
Q

Fitting of cane

A

Length at superior aspect of greater trochanter (of femur)

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28
Q

Use of cane

A

Cane is used on opposite side of involvement

Moves WITH involved side

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29
Q

Braces for scoliosis

A

TLSO
-thoracolumbosacral orthosis
CTLSO
-cervicothoracolumbosacral orthosis

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30
Q

Boston brace aka and for?

A

TLSO-thoracolumbosacral orthosis
Aka under arm brace
Scoliosis

Worn under clothing at least 23 hours a day

For thoracolumbar curves

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31
Q

Milwaukee brace aka and for what

A

CTLSO-cervicothoracolumbosacral orthosis

For thoracic curves-scoliosis

Includes a neck ring
Worn 23 hours a day

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32
Q

What curves are the boston and Milwaukee braces used for?

A

Boston: thoraolumbar curves (TLSO)
Milwaukee: thoracic curves (CTLS)

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33
Q

Charleston bending brace

A

Night brace only used when sleeping

Molded to patient while they are in side flexion to give added pressure

Scoliosis

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34
Q

Braces for spinal fractures

A 
Jewett brace
TLSO
Extension
Voigt-Bahler
Knight-Taylor
Williams
Lennox-Hill
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35
Q

Trochanteric/SI Belts

A

Support SI joints and pelvis by forcing closure

Used in pregnant/post-partum females with SI joint pain

Causes gapping of SI joints if worn over trochanter

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36
Q

Lumbar supports-thoughtsn

A

Weak evidence that they prevent re-injury.

Cause increased intrabdominal pressure leading to higher BP and HR. Requires screening for cardiac risk

Should be considered temporary

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37
Q

Knee braces for ACL tears

A
  • pt feels more stable even though not objectively more stable
  • doesn’t protect from injury
  • bracing slows hamstring reflexes while elastic taping increases
  • protects from lateral blows
38
Q

Knee bracing-neoprene sleeve

A
  • Keep muscles and joints warm
  • no injury prevention
  • improve proprioception in patients with deficits
39
Q

Hamstring reflex in brace vs. elastic taping

A

Brace: decreases

Elastic taping: increases

40
Q

Cho-Pat use at knee

A

So good schlatter’s

41
Q

Cho-pat for elbow

A

Epicondylitis

42
Q

Walking boot indications

A

Fracture
Severe strain
Post surgery

43
Q

Description of walking boot

A

Full immobilization and weight bearing

44
Q

Ankle stirrup inhibits/allows what Motion’s

A

Allows flexion/extension

No: inversion/version

45
Q

Orthopedic (fracture) shoe

A

For fractured toes

Protects from re-injury/aggrevation

Has rigid sole

46
Q

Plantar fasciitis supports

A
  • thermoskin plantar FXT night splint
  • passive night splint
  • Strassburg sock
47
Q

Brace for metatarsalgia

A

Use a almond shaped bad under the metatarsal heads

48
Q

Cervical pillows

A

Little research

  • positive results on pain
  • mild traction of neck
  • should have firm support of curve and doesn’t force flexion or extension
49
Q

Philadelphia collar

A

Rigid
Prevent motion
Stabilizes
Some distraction

(C-collar)

50
Q

Soft cervical collar

A

Limits cervical motion
No rotation
Used post strain/sprain injuries

51
Q

Wrist brace name and use?

A

Cock-up splint

For sprain and CTS

52
Q

Effects of massage

A
  • increase blood flow and disperses waste
  • dilation of lymphatics
  • sedation
  • muscle relaxation
  • removal of lactic acid
  • loosens adhesions and soften scars
53
Q

Indications for massage

A
  • adhesions
  • circulatory stasis
  • congestion
  • edema/joint swelling
  • myalgia/trigger points
  • tension HA
  • postexertion fatigue/stiffness
54
Q

Contraindications to massage

A
  • arteriosclerosis
  • thrombus/embolism
  • varicosities
  • acute phlebitis
  • cellulitis
  • synovitis
  • abcess/skin infection
  • acute inflammatory conditions
55
Q

Effleurage

A

Long stroking motions done with palm of hand or flats of fingers

Parallel with fibers

56
Q

Petrissage

A

Kneading muscle

Pulling tissue up with fingers: squeeze, pinch, rolling

57
Q

Tapotement/percussion

A 
Rapid blows
Tapping: tips of fingers
Hacking: ulnar boarder of hand
Slapping: fingers
Cupping: cupped hands
58
Q

Manual vibration

A

Perpendicular to orientation of muscle fibers

-distal to proximal

59
Q

Mechanical vibration

A

G5, genie rub, thumper

60
Q

High frequency vibration uses

A 
Analgesia
Decrease trigger points
Pre-exercise warm up
Relax spasticity
Superficial circulation
61
Q

Low frequency vibration uses

A
  • decrease congestion/edema/stasis
  • milk tissue
  • postural drainage
62
Q

Times for vibration of:

Trigger points:
Muscle relaxation:
Postural drainage:
Body relaxation:

A

Trigger points: 1 min/spot
Muscle relaxation: 10min
Postural drainage: 15min
Body relaxation: 5min

63
Q

Cross friction massage

A

Over ligaments, tendons, muscles

  • loosen scar tissue/adhesions
  • aid in absorption of local edema/effusion
  • mobilize ligaments/tendons/scars
  • restore mobility/extensibility
64
Q

Duration of cross-friction massage

A

7-10 minutes or until numb. No lotion

65
Q

Trigger point therapy

A

Focus on hyerirratibility in muscle/fascia

66
Q

Rope sign and twitch sign. What and indicate what type of massage

A

Indicate: trigger point needed

Rope sign: taught band of fibers causing hyper-excitability in surrounding muscles (twitch sign)

67
Q

Ischemic compression-trigger point

A

Digital pressure for one minute of series of 7-10seconds

68
Q

Stripping-trigger point

A

Sliding along tissue with increasing pressure, pause over trigger point then continue

69
Q

Spray and stretch (Travell)-trigger point

A

Vapocoolant spray combined with stretching

70
Q

Myofascial release

A

Pressure to tendons, ligaments, fascia and nerve while actively pr passively moving the tissue

71
Q

ART benefits

A
  • restore strength, flexibility, motion to soft tissues
  • release entrapped nerves, circulatory and lymphatics

Concentrates on tissue texture, tension, movement and function

72
Q

Rolfing

A

“Balance body within a gravitational field”

Alter a person’s posture and structure with deep massage

73
Q

Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization

A

Allow deeper pressure and less stress on doc’s hands

T-bar
FAKTR
Graston
-localized inflammatory reaction to speed healing
-break scars and loosen adhesions
74
Q

IASTM

A

Graston technique

Ligaments 43% stronger 4wks post MCL injury, but no difference at 12 weeks

-ligaments had better collagen bundle formation and orientation

75
Q

FAKTR-PM stand for?

A

Functional and kinetic treatment with rehab, provocation and motion

F: treat during function, not just static
K: assess and use entire kinetic chain
T: soft-tissue techniques
R: incorporate resistance and proprioceptive
P: produce pain and treat
M: treat with option if more painful

76
Q

Indication for FAKTR: PM

A
  1. Tendinopathies
  2. Fascial syndromes (ITB, trigger finger)
  3. Entrapment syndromes
  4. Ligament pain (sprains)
  5. Scar tissue/adhesions
  6. Edema
77
Q

FAKTR-PM. R examples

A

Rehab—incorporate resistance and proprioception

Ex: oscillation/vibration and unstable surfaces

78
Q

SASTM?

A

Sound assisted soft tissue mobilization

79
Q

Traction types

A

Manual
Positional
Mechanical
Inversion

80
Q

Positional traction

A
  • Knee to chest

- side lying on a roll to open an IVF

81
Q

Inversion traction

A

NOT RECOMMENDED

Contraindicated for: 
Heart disease
HTN
Glaucoma
Sinus infections
Asthma
Migraines
Detached retina
82
Q

Benefits of spinal traction

A

Spinal column elongation
Enlarge IVF
Increase diffusion of nutrient to disc
Release pressure on NR

83
Q

Indications for spinal traction

A

Neck and low back disorders

  • disc
  • NR impingement
  • joint hypomobility
  • arthritis of facets
84
Q

Contraindications to traction

A
  • infection/tumor
  • fracture
  • severe herniation
  • hypermobility
  • VBAI
  • spinal stenosis
  • osteoporosis
  • Aortic aneurysm
  • abdominal hernia
  • HTN
  • pregnancy-lumbar only
85
Q

Risks of traction

A

-increase pain
-history of spinal surgery
-spondylosis/spondylistesis
-HTN/respiratory disorders
-dentures (C only)
TMD (C-only)

86
Q

Instructions of mechanical traction-lumbar

A 
Pelvic and thoracic harnesses
Hips/knees flexed
Force= 30-60% body weight 
Angle pull= 0-30 degrees
10-30 minutes
87
Q

Cervical traction

A

Over-the-door pulley system
Mechanical

Head/neck angle=0 degrees
10-30% body weight
10-30 mint

88
Q

Injury taping with keywords: basket weave with stirrups and heel lock?

A

Ankle injury taping

89
Q

Ankle injury taping key words

A

Closed basket weave with stirrups and heel lock

90
Q

Key words for foot taping plantar fasciitis

A

1st metatarsals around calcaneous and anchoring

91
Q

What are you taping for with taping 1st metatarsal through the 5th with anchoring

A

Plantar fasciitis

Passive Care (7 decks)

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