Final

Question 1

What are the four genetic effects of short depression gene allele?

Answer 1

Depression risk gene variant confers smaller size to amygdala and ACC, and uncoupling of ACC-amygdala communication
Short allele of serotonin transporter gene is less efficient.
Short allele carriers show significantly less functional coupling between amygdala and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex than Long/Long individuals

Question 2

What is the name of the framework used to analyze body image?

Answer 2

Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image

Question 3

What are the three aspects of the Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image?

Answer 3

Peers
Parents
Media

Question 4

What three neural effects were observed from introspective meditation?

Answer 4

Increased insula activity
Decreased mPFC activity during introspection
Decreased communication between mPFC and insula

Question 5

What brain areas are involved in reducing stress and making relationships rewarding

Answer 5

Limbic system

Nucleus accumbens

Question 6

Neural impact of childhood neglect in Romanian orphanage

Answer 6

15% less grey matter

Larger relative amygdala size

Question 7

social exclusion activates what brain region?

Answer 7

dACC

Question 8

social support has what neural impact?

Answer 8

reduces cortisol reactivity as well as dACC reactivity in cyberball

Question 9

Behavior effect of child licking in mice

Answer 9

• More exploratory
• More resilient
• Lick own kids
• Less fear response
• Lower stress hormones

Question 10

what did the switched at birth study show about mice exploration?

Answer 10

• Anxious mice raised by anxious mothers were anxious

- But all mice raised by exploratory mothers were exploratory

Question 11

What brain structure releases oxytocin?

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

What two effects does oxytocin have?

Answer 12

Increased attachment, trust and protective instincts

Decreased stress, pain and drug cravings

Question 13

What 5 behavioral stimuli release oxytocin?

Answer 13

Breastfeeding
Hugs/light caresses
Sex
When someone shows they trust you
Talking

Question 14

What region of the brain do hypothalamic oxytocin neurons project to?

Answer 14

ventral tegmental area (VTA) where dopamine is produced

Question 15

Direct infusion of OT into VTA increased dopamine signal in the ____

Answer 15

Direct infusion of OT into VTA increased dopamine signal in the nucleus accumbens

Question 16

What brain region showed less activity afer application of oxytocin?

Answer 16

right amygdala

Question 17

Oxytocin causes growth of new neurons in ______

Answer 17

hippocampus

Question 18

Anxious-resistant: typically explore ___ and is often ___ of strangers, even when the caregiver is present. When the caregiver departs, the child is often ___ ____. The child is generally _____ when they return

Answer 18

Anxious-resistant: typically explore little and is often wary of strangers, even when the caregiver is present. When the caregiver departs, the child is often highly distressed. The child is generally ambivalent when they return

Question 19

Anxious-avoidant: ____ or ____ the caregiver – showing ___ _____ when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will ___ ______ very much regardless of who is there.

Answer 19

Anxious-avoidant: avoid or ignore the caregiver – showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there.

Question 20

The quote: “I am comfortable without close emotional relationships”. “I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me.” describes which attachment style?

Answer 20

dismissive avoidant

Question 21

The quote: “I am somewhat uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I sometimes worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others.” describes which attachment style?

Answer 21

Fearful-Avoidant

Question 22

The quote: “I am uncomfortable being without close relationships, but I sometimes worry that others don’t value me as much as I value them.”describes which attachment style?

Answer 22

Anxious-Preoccupied

Question 23

Secure: explore freely while the caregiver is ___, typically _____ ___ strangers, is often ____ ____ when the caregiver departs, and is generally ____ to see the caregiver return

Answer 23

Secure: explore freely while the caregiver is present, typically engages with strangers, is often visibly upset when the caregiver departs, and is generally happy to see the caregiver return

Question 24

During cyberball activity in dACC and insula correlates positively with ______ ______
Correlates negatively with ______ _____

Answer 24

Activity in dACC and insula correlates positively with anxious attachment
Correlates negatively with avoidant attachment

Question 25

in men with negative relationships, OT _____ positive feelings

Answer 25

decreased

Question 26

Which hormone is reduced in attraction?

Answer 26

serotonin

Question 27

oxytocin has also been suggested to play a role in _______

Answer 27

oxytocin has also been suggested to play a role in ethnocentrism