final Flashcards
what are biomarkers
health assessments based on some form of numerical measurement, which will have normal ranges and diagnostic values if they’re too high
time period os ultradian
less than 24 hours
Time period circadian
24 hours
time period infradian
24+ hours `
where is the most common bone break found
spine, hip, wrist
when we have extra calcium where does it go
we deposit it in the bone, or excrete it in urine
why are anabolic steroids toxic
the dose of hormone/ hormone agonist is not timed to mimic natural hormone production. stresses out ccn
what is the first line of defence
non-specific physical and chemical surface barriers
what is the second line of defence
non-specific internal cellular and chemical defence
inflammation, phagocytosis, fever
describe classic immune system
resident defence system, migrant defence system
describe parenchymal c ells of gland or organs
most prominent cell type in terms of function and mass
what is the critical functional portion of the gland or organ
parenchyma
describe pancreas
- pamcreatic exocrine secretions exit common duct into intestine
- pancreatic endocrine secretions go into blood
what are the cells that can be found circulating in the blood
- platelets are fragments essential in blood clotting
- white blood cells defend the body against disease
- red blood cells transport oxygen
what are stem cells
stem cells are undifferentiated cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed essentials
- divide and become specialized
what do monocytes become
monocytes become macrophages which are phagocytic
where do white blood cells migrate to and from
white blood cells can migrate into and out from peripheral tissues
- white blood cells exit a capillary by squeezing between cells of the vessel walls
describe movement of red blood cells
red blood cells and platelets do not migrate into tissue- they stay in the capillary tubes
what is an antigen
a molecule, often on the surface of a pathogen, that the immune system recognizes as a specific foe
describe the three steps to attack
1) threat- an invader enters the body
2) detection- a macrophage encounters, engulfs, and digests the invader, the microphage places a piece of the invader on its surface with the self marker (MHC)
which cells remember things
memory resides in T and B cells
after the carnage is over, what is left in the tissue, bone marrow, and thymus?
memory in the form of the memory T helper cells, and the memory B cells
- the brain is acutely aware through all; this and learns/remembers the battle
which vein is use din bypass
usually use saphenous vein but sometimes use brachial artery
what are the four basic processes of the intestine
motility, secretion, digestion, absorption
what uses peristalsis
esophagus (one way)
what control is salivary secretions under
salivary secretion is under autonomic control- softens and lubricates food and provides enzymes
