final

Question 1

what are biomarkers

Answer 1

health assessments based on some form of numerical measurement, which will have normal ranges and diagnostic values if they’re too high

Question 2

time period os ultradian

Answer 2

less than 24 hours

Question 3

Time period circadian

Answer 3

24 hours

Question 4

time period infradian

Answer 4

24+ hours `

Question 5

where is the most common bone break found

Answer 5

spine, hip, wrist

Question 6

when we have extra calcium where does it go

Answer 6

we deposit it in the bone, or excrete it in urine

Question 7

why are anabolic steroids toxic

Answer 7

the dose of hormone/ hormone agonist is not timed to mimic natural hormone production. stresses out ccn

Question 8

what is the first line of defence

Answer 8

non-specific physical and chemical surface barriers

Question 9

what is the second line of defence

Answer 9

non-specific internal cellular and chemical defence

inflammation, phagocytosis, fever

Question 10

describe classic immune system

Answer 10

resident defence system, migrant defence system

Question 11

describe parenchymal c ells of gland or organs

Answer 11

most prominent cell type in terms of function and mass

Question 12

what is the critical functional portion of the gland or organ

Answer 12

parenchyma

Question 13

describe pancreas

Answer 13

• pamcreatic exocrine secretions exit common duct into intestine
• pancreatic endocrine secretions go into blood

Question 14

what are the cells that can be found circulating in the blood

Answer 14

• platelets are fragments essential in blood clotting
• white blood cells defend the body against disease
• red blood cells transport oxygen

Question 15

what are stem cells

Answer 15

stem cells are undifferentiated cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed essentials
- divide and become specialized

Question 16

what do monocytes become

Answer 16

monocytes become macrophages which are phagocytic

Question 17

where do white blood cells migrate to and from

Answer 17

white blood cells can migrate into and out from peripheral tissues
- white blood cells exit a capillary by squeezing between cells of the vessel walls

Question 18

describe movement of red blood cells

Answer 18

red blood cells and platelets do not migrate into tissue- they stay in the capillary tubes

Question 19

what is an antigen

Answer 19

a molecule, often on the surface of a pathogen, that the immune system recognizes as a specific foe

Question 20

describe the three steps to attack

Answer 20

1) threat- an invader enters the body
2) detection- a macrophage encounters, engulfs, and digests the invader, the microphage places a piece of the invader on its surface with the self marker (MHC)

Question 21

which cells remember things

Answer 21

memory resides in T and B cells

Question 22

after the carnage is over, what is left in the tissue, bone marrow, and thymus?

Answer 22

memory in the form of the memory T helper cells, and the memory B cells
- the brain is acutely aware through all; this and learns/remembers the battle

Question 23

which vein is use din bypass

Answer 23

usually use saphenous vein but sometimes use brachial artery

Question 24

what are the four basic processes of the intestine

Answer 24

motility, secretion, digestion, absorption

Question 25

what uses peristalsis

Answer 25

esophagus (one way)

Question 26

what control is salivary secretions under

Answer 26

salivary secretion is under autonomic control- softens and lubricates food and provides enzymes