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Adult Development > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

expected behaviors and attitudes that come with one’s position in society refers to

A

social roles

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2
Q

gender ___ refers to a set of shared beliefs or generalizations about what men and women in a society have in common

A

stereotypes

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3
Q

male stereotype is centered around a set of qualities often labeled as ___

A

instrumental

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4
Q

___ is a cause that is present in the immediate environment

A

proximal

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5
Q

which of these examples describes the transition to adulthood?

A

leaving the role of student
becoming independent of parents
becoming a committed spouse

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6
Q

what is NOT one of the factors Gorman identified in the transition to parenthood?

A

husbands who become fathers showed higher marital satisfaction

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7
Q

which is NOT one of the five features that makes emerging adulthood different from adolescence?

A

age of stability

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8
Q

genetically programmed tendency for new parents to become more traditional in their gender roles is called

A

parental imperative

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9
Q

which of the following statements is NOT true about children born from unwed parents?

A

the % of children born to unmarried parents has decreased

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10
Q

which definition below fits the term “marital selection effect”?

A

statistical effect in which healthier people are more apt to marry and stay married, producing the appearance that marriage benefits health

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11
Q

___ is defined as a dynamic, recurrent pattern of interactions with other individuals

A

social relationship

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12
Q

a strong affectional bond formed by an infant to his/her major caregiver is

A

attachment

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13
Q

this system is activated in adults when they interact with infants & young children

A

caregiving orientation

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14
Q

as we grow older, we tend to prefer more meaningful social relationships. this is known as

A

socioemotional selectivity

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15
Q

which of the following statements about friendship is incorrect?

A

friendship networks decrease in young adulthood

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16
Q

___ is a voluntary interpersonal relationship carried out within social context

A

friendship

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17
Q

which relationship among grandchildren is considered the closest?

A

maternal grandmother

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18
Q

which description describes a dismissing attachment type?

A

“I am comfortable without close emotional relationships.”

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19
Q

this theory states that we can all have certain assets to offer in a relationship

A

exchange

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20
Q

what % of the population identify themselves as gay or lesbian?

A

1-4%

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21
Q

___ consists of a relatively enduring set of characteristics that define our individuality and affect our interactions with the environment & other people

A

personality

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22
Q

which is NOT part of the five factor model?

A

introspective

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23
Q

___ refers to the stability of individuals’ rank order within a group over time

A

differential continuity

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24
Q

___ occurs when we select roles and environments that best fit our personality and self-concept

A

proactive transaction

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25
Q

true or false- a person-environment transaction can be conscious or unconscious and happen in a variety of ways

A

true

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26
Q

what is a quality that can be inherited during reactive heritability and used as a basis to determine strategies?

A

strength & attractiveness

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27
Q

___ is concerned with establishing & guiding the next generation

A

generativity

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28
Q

which is the earliest stage that can be measured during the ego development?

A

impulsive

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29
Q

relaxation of gender roles at midlife was referred by Gutmann as

A

gender crossover

30
Q

which stage is not included in Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?

A

will vs. autonomy

31
Q

when comparing hospice care with usual medical care, one characteristic of the hospice approach is that it

A

focuses on alleviating pain and providing comfort, while usual medical care focuses on prolonging life

32
Q

what is one distinction in the way younger and older people think about death?

A

younger people are more focused about the loss of opportunity to experience things, while older people are more focused on loss of time to complete inner work

33
Q

a person experiencing strong death anxiety is probably viewing death as a

A

loss

34
Q

one distinction regarding death anxiety is that it’s higher among

A

women than men

35
Q

the most common problem with home-care nursing for dying patients is the lack of

A

emotional support for the patient

36
Q

coming to grips with one’s eventual death is known as

A

finitude

37
Q

a study investigated that there was a link between sense of purpose in life and ___

A

death anxiety

38
Q

which of these statements is the bargaining stage in preparation for death?

A

“If I do what I am told and don’t yell at everyone, then I’ll be able to live till Christmas”

39
Q

true or false- hospice care began in England

A

true

40
Q

true or false- rituals surrounding death can also give meaning to the death by emphasizing the meaning of life of the person who has died

A

true

41
Q

the quest for meaning is also known as

A

spirituality

42
Q

which of the following is stage two of the preconventional level of morality?

A

naïve hedonism orientation

43
Q

according to Piaget, cognitive development as a movement outward from the self is ___

A

decentering

44
Q

___ is a set of assumptions or understandings about the nature of our connections with others and the world in which we live

A

faith

45
Q

mysticism is also known as

A

self-transcendent experience

46
Q

according to Undersell, which of the following is stage two of mystical experience?

A

purification

47
Q

according to the theory of gerotranscendence, one difference between young adulthood & midlife is that in young adulthood, people are focused on

A

career & family

48
Q

according to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, an individual who solves a moral dilemma and offers an explanation based on rules & expectations would be consistent with a ___ orientation

A

social order maintaining

49
Q

in Fowler’s theory of faith development, an individual who believes that different beliefs may be true for different individuals is in the stage of ___ faith

A

conjunctive

50
Q

Kegan theorizes that individuals have both a powerful and conflicting desire

A

connection & independence

51
Q

according to the study on interactive effects of negative symptoms & suicide ideation

A

the desire for social closeness moderates the relationship between social role functioning & suicide

52
Q

according to the study on multiple roles & psychological well-being

A

ppl who hold multiple social roles tend to have a higher well-being & higher self-efficacy

53
Q

according to the study on the influence of different social roles on women

A

the goal of consumption is different depending on the activation of social roles

54
Q

according to the study on the effects of gender on marketing combat sports

A

males have issues with female MMA advertisements

55
Q

according to the study on individuals’ psych capital

A

some variables have more effect than others

56
Q

according to the study on the transition from adolescent to later adulthood

A

culture shapes our identity

57
Q

according to the study on age stereotypes on social role expectations

A

there is a positive relationship w/ wisdom & agreeableness & a negative relationship for other correlations

58
Q

according to the study on personality & life satisfaction in China

A

an only child bears the weight of their family’s success

environment influences personality development

59
Q

according to the study on parents’ perception of their relationship following the loss of a child

A

most parents say is strengthened their marriage

60
Q

according to the study on temporary & long-term consequences of bereavement

A

losing a child has both short-term & long-term negative effects
grief does last

61
Q

according to the study on mental disorders & the desire for death in cancer patients

A

69.5% have no desire for death
12.2% have genuine desire for death
no desire for death is linked w/ least distress

62
Q

according to the study on death anxiety among New Zealanders

A
  • marital status & gender predicts levels of death anxiety
  • age isn’t a lone predictor
  • lower levels of anxiety = cultural values
63
Q

according to the study on social networking for relationship maintenance

A

long-distance relationships have higher social networking site usage & relational maintenance than geographically close relationships

64
Q

according to the study on animal friendship bonds

A

the elderly-animal friendship bond has an equal number of males & females

65
Q

according to the study on experiential gifts fostering stronger social relationships versus material gifts

A

those who get an experiential gift show a more positive change in relationship strength

66
Q

according to the study on popularity at work

A

popularity is positively correlated with self-evaluation & career satisfaction

67
Q

according to the study on muscle strength loss in old age

A
  • retirement speeds up the age-related decline

- men suffer more negative consequences from retirement than women

68
Q

according to the study on retirement being meaningful

A

most ppl associate retirement with negativity

69
Q

according to the study on existential & virtuous effects of religiosity on mental health

A

religion helps with mental illness & aggression

70
Q

according to the study on religiosity and social support

A

females scores higher for religiosity

71
Q

according to the study on the perception of spiritual health in Iranian older adults

A

belief in God and religion is important for the salvation of mankind

72
Q

according to the study on the development and testing of basic psychological needs

A

direct effects of psychological needs on the meaning of life are significant

Adult Development (2 decks)

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