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DVM 1100 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Canada an example?

A

1) Good model of economic, political, social and human development
2) Takes care of others through international development, multilateral diplomacy, human rights and democracy, responsibility to protect and humanitarian law

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2
Q

Canada as a Product of Globalisation

A

1) Colonisation
2) Settlement
3) Aboriginals
4) Immigration
5) Capitalism

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3
Q

What does development mean?

A

Enlarging people’s choices

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4
Q

Examples of dimensions of globalization

A

Migration, Finance and investment flows, science and technology, Interconnected and networking, Trade

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5
Q

Canada as an actor in globalization

A

Trade, invest, immigration/emigration, democracy, foreign aid, human rights, military

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6
Q

Pros of Globalization

A
  • better access to goods and services
  • potential for increased trade and competition
  • increased foreign capital and technology
  • cultural integration
  • prosperity, variety, mobility, choice
  • freer flow of goods, ideas, people
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7
Q

Cons of Globalization

A
  • strain on natural resources
  • the rich get richer; the poor get poorer
  • unethical issues arise
  • outsourcing and the loss of jobs
  • greater inequality
  • exploitation of lower and middle socioecnomic
    groups by stronger forces
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8
Q

Classic liberals and neo-liberals says…

A

Open market, let the market work

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9
Q

Capability says…

A

Development as freedom

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10
Q

Human Development says…

A

Enlarge people’s choices

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11
Q

HDI (Human Development Index)

A

1) long healthy life
2) knowledge
3) standards

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12
Q

Post-modernists, post-structuralists and post-development say…

A

1) Modernism is a drag and dvm is a myth
2) Deconstruct the structures
3) Alternative solutions

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13
Q

Modernizationists say…

A

Value system

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14
Q

Mainstream Approach

A
  1. Individualist - liberal
  2. No state - capitalist
  3. Economics only - materialism
  4. Within - endogenous approach
  5. Freedom - democratic
  6. No culture/identity - universalism
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15
Q

Good Development

A

An innovative course transcending the limitations of the mainstream approach to development

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16
Q

Modernization Theory

A

Embody modern values and promote public and private investment. (eg. Canada)

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17
Q

Neoliberalism

A

Promote free markets and private property and enterprises. (1979-80)

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18
Q

Washington Consensus

A

The institutionalization of global capitalism and promotion of neoliberal ideals. (1989-90)

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19
Q

Dependency Theory

A

Structuralist theory that describes inequality as the result of colonialism and imperialism.

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20
Q

World Systems Theory

A

The global capitalist system is the root cause of inequality, not just colonialism.

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21
Q

Capability Approach

A

Assess quality of life based on the practical freedom of people to choose how they want to be and what they want to do.

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22
Q

Human Development Theory

A

Purpose of development is to broaden people’s choices and enable long, healthy, creative lives.

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23
Q

Multilateral Aid

A

aid from a core country (official government) to multilateral agencies where it is used to fund their programs

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24
Q

Bilateral Aid

A

aid from one country(official government) to a recipient country.

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25
Q

What is tied aid?

A

Aid that must be spent on the country providing the aid. Given in grants and loans, but ultimitaly benfits the developed country more than the country recieving aid.

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26
Q

What are soft loans?

A

they are loans that are to be repaid over a long period of time (10-20 years) in the currency of the recipient’s. They have a concessional factor. rates are lower and invoices are more generous. They are used on security, education, health care. (non commercial)

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27
Q

Social progress

A

People in a country can enjoy their own equality

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28
Q

Economic development

A

The improvement of living standards by economic growth

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29
Q

Political development

A

Development of the institutions, attitudes, and values that form the political power system of a society

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30
Q

Human development

A

Process of enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being

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31
Q

Social development

A

Commitment that develop processes need to benefit people - ALL people

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32
Q

Issues that could be caused by development

A

Pollution, international competitiveness, peace and security

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33
Q

3 ways Canada is an actor in the globalizing world

A

Trade, immigration & emigration, humanitarian assistance

34
Q

What Political Factors lead to Canada’s aid assistance

A
  • Stop the spread of communism through aiding countries that may be vulnerable.
  • Search for a new market in Asia
  • Benefits from tied aid
35
Q

Decolonization of the Mind

A
  • Questioning main structures and ideology of theories and common thought
  • Deconstruction of development assumption
  • Paradigm shift
  • challenging western ideas
36
Q

Manfred Sticker take on globalization

A
  1. new social networks
  2. expand social relations
  3. global personhood*
37
Q

Economic Globalization

A

The increasing integration and interdependence of national economies around the world

38
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

39
Q

sustainable development

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

40
Q

Mainstream theory of development has 3 parts. List them.

A
  1. Economic development
  2. Theory of economic growth
  3. Modernization theory
41
Q

According to mainstream theory of development what does development depend on?

A
  1. Economic growth and materialism
  2. Development within (endogenous)
  3. Rights and freedoms and democracy
42
Q

What year did international development begin?

A

1949

43
Q

Impacts of the condition of globality

A

Decenters the structure of power and changes the meaning and basis of development

44
Q

Has Canada fixed all their internal issues?

A

No but it is still a developed country.

->pollution, environment, inequality, aboriginal issues, ageing population, etc

45
Q

Give modern examples of globalization in Canadian culture

A
  1. Restaurants (show migration, finance, trade and networking)
46
Q

If Canada became a developed country, can others do it to? Explain.

A

Although other developing countries do not have the same resources and connections as Canada did it is possible to develop.

47
Q

List the 3 stages of 16th century inside national development

A
  1. Idea
  2. Concept
  3. Mainstream theory
48
Q

List the 3 stages from 1949 on outside international development

A
  1. Idea
  2. Mainstream theory
  3. Beyond the theory
49
Q

Explain the emergence of liberalism

A

Liberalism came from the idea of liberation during the Feudalism era. At this time there was no flow between the social hierarchy

50
Q

Harry Truman’s proposal

A

In 1949 president Truman gave an inaugural speech which declared that the US would give financial aid to all “peace-making” (democratic) countries to give them a chance at a better life

51
Q

What did Walt Rostow do?

A

Created the theory of development in 1960

52
Q

Theory of development 1960

A

A book written by Walt Rostow established 5 stages which, if followed, would develop a country

53
Q

Who created the newer model of dependency theory?

A

Ander Gunder Frank

54
Q

Condition of globality

A
  • social condition as a result of the process of globalization
  • social condition as a result of global economic, political culture and environmental interconnectedness (network) and flows that make most of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant
55
Q

What is Import Substitution Industrialization policy? Why was it beneficial in the short term but ineffective in the longer
term?

A
  • is one that suggests replacing foreign imports with locally-made products in order to reduce dependency on other countries.
  • The main goals of it were to create independence and domestic control of the economy.
56
Q

Main method used under the dependency theory:

A
  • to address the needs of citizens within the country as opposed to the needs of the international community
  • ideal of being independent was costly, because they could not learn from the experience of other countries
57
Q

Dependency in the long term:

A

In the long term:
o high economic and social costs
o State ownership and protection created inefficient economic institutions
o Widespread corruption
o Agriculture neglected ⇒ weakening food security

58
Q

What is EOI policy? Describe the controversy over the role of EOI policy.

A
  • Exchange Oriented Industrialization
  • The failure of and limitations in ISI led governments to consider EOI as an alternative way of promoting economic growth
59
Q

Reasons for growth of EMEs:

A
  • Political stability
  • Encouraging entrepreneurship
  • Industries strictly targeted for economic growth
  • privatization
  • improved infrastructure
60
Q

How could some developing countries achieve fast-economic growth? Explain the strategies for success.

A
  • International trade liberalization and trade transparency to improve standards and policy instruments, also to enhance the global market with goods, services and investment for developing countries
  • Go from Import Substitution Industrialization (with high economic/social costs, inefficient economic institutions, widespread corruption, and weak food security) to EOI
  • Maturity of the private sector: Investment in capital stock
61
Q

Explain the middle income trap.

A

The middle income trap is when a countrys economic growth slows after reaching middle income levels and it no longer seems possible to reach higher income levels

62
Q

Solutions for middle income trap:

A

o Technological accessibility and innovations
o Encouraging participation of production forces in determining the directions of
the market
o Improving intellectual property rights
o Strengthening labor unions

63
Q

What can other developing countries learn from the experience of the emerging economies?

A

 main focus on progressing in human development

 innovative approaches to negotiating trade and investment strategies

 increase in income does not mean equitable distribution (equality barriers)

64
Q

What motives drive democratic states to promote democracy elsewhere?

A

a. The rights-based approach
b. Autonomy of agencies
c. Local leadership, accountability to local beneficiaries
d. Research-based
e. Multi-sectoral
f. Cost effectiveness
g. Inclusiveness

65
Q

In the process of promoting democracy, how can democratic states distinguish their actions from interfering in the sovereign affairs of other nations?

A

a. advance democracy in autocratic countries, if not at the system level then at least in
some specific respects, while avoiding to do harm;

b. develop a distinctive Canadian approach to supporting democratization abroad, and to
build an effective institutional framework as well as civil society capacity around it; and

c. promote Canada’s foreign policy goals and enhance Canada’s standing in world

66
Q

What are some good arguments against promoting democracy abroad, and supporting authoritative regimes?

A

 Interfering in non-democratic countries may affect the trade relations between the
countries.

 Democracies might be politically less stable because democracy looks different in each country and countries may use democracy for negative purposes

 A democracy promotion strategy based on diffusion does not stop authoritarian governments from returning partially or fully.

 Possibility of interfering with international peace, especially in volatile countries

 Democracy is a broad term, it can mean different things to different countries

67
Q

ICHRDD “International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development”

A

Established by the act of the Canadian parliament in 1988 to “ encourage and support the universal values of human rights and the promotion of democratic institutions and practices around the world.”

68
Q

CIDA: Canadian International development agency: federal agency

A

 Administer foreign aid in developing countries

 Merged into the department of foreign affairs

 Efforts focused on basic human needs, women, infrastructure for the poor, human rights, democratic development, governments, private sector development, and environment

69
Q

Distinct difference between ICHRDD and CIDA

A
  • ICHRDD constrained by a small budget and it points out shortcomings of the government (non-
    affiliated)
  • They provided a lot of international education on how to improve and promote
    democracy
  • It’s an arms-length corporation & not a government department

CIDA affiliated with the government (has increased funding) and promotes good governance.
They created new policies for improving democracy abroad

70
Q

A distinctive Canadian approach to democratization would be:

A

 a rights-based approach: a holistic view of democracy assistance

 autonomy of agencies: agencies are coherent, built with the country that they are
working with, and use democracy assistance

 local leadership: including accountability to local beneficiaries

71
Q

What are the dimensions of fragility?

A
  • military
  • political
  • social
  • economic
  • enviomental
72
Q

What are the causes of fragility?

A
  • histroical roots
  • political and institutional,
  • economic
  • international, social, security, and environmental factors, as well as geographical matters.
73
Q

Explain the human security approach

A

 The universality and interdependence of a set of freedoms that are fundamental to human life

 Acknowledgement of the link between human rights, development, and security

 The UN definition: The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair.

74
Q

Explain the link between human security and the capability approach.

A

Capability Approach = favours people’s choice results in good development

Human security = freedom from fear, dignity, free from poverty & despair

75
Q

Human security acknowledges the inter-linkages

between:

A

o Human rights
o Development
o Security

76
Q

Duty bearers

A

are those actors who have a particular obligation or responsibility to respect, promote and realize human rights and to abstain from human rights violations.

77
Q

Explain the obligation of states under the right to development

A

a. Cooperate in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development

b. Eliminate massive and flagrant violations of human rights
o There must be a legal obligation– not a moral
obligation in regards to fighting for human
rights; recognized by the international community

c. Respect the principles of international law concerning friendly relations and cooperation among
states

78
Q

What is the right response to underdevelopment and poverty, given the collapsing of the normative
importance of borders?

A
  • Developing a new understanding of human security and creating a more people-centered approach in which priority is given to individuals and protecting their freedom
  • Working towards a condition of globality
  • Considering the fact that it is an interdependent world which means there are interdependent threats
  • Empowerment, improving capability, human wellbeing
79
Q

What is new in the arguments of development ethicists?

A
  • Shift from the comprehensive ideas of development to a constructed and agreed-upon account of development
  • A move beyond the mere moral arguments on development towards the formation of a political will for change
  • A move and commitment toward a perfect duty for addressing and alleviating inequality
80
Q

In a few points, discuss your greatest take-away from the chapter on ethics & development.

A
  • Change the assumptions about development (not only economic development)
  • Must ensure that human development and prosperity is at the centre of all projects
  • “Good development” = made and constructed by nations by their own structures and own needs
  • In order for good development to take place, ethical development must also be present
  • development must be guided by the nation’s own desirable growth, fulfillment of good
81
Q

Why did we join the Colombo plan

A
  • The Cold War and concern about the spread of communism in South Asia
  • Balance of power and stability in Asia
  • A significant push from Britain to find ways of burden-sharing with respect to its post-independence commitment

DVM 1100 (3 decks)

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