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Deviance in US Society > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Standards of normalcy

A 
Cultural/behavioral (social standard to specific group)
Ideal absolute (religious/philosophical)
Statistical (average/mode)
Personal (if I do it, it must be normal)
Clinical (expert standards)
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2
Q

Berger’s definition of social control

A

Social control is used to keep people in line

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3
Q

Control theory

A

People want to satisfy their needs but do not want negative consequences/ for people to look poorly on them

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4
Q

Internal control vs external control

A

our own consciousness vs outside sources (friends, fam)

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5
Q

Are informal or formal sanctions more efficient

A

informal

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6
Q

most influential and least influential types of sanctions

A

least = safety, most= internal

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7
Q

Positive or normative concept

A

There is a general set of norms of behavior, conduct, and conditions on which we can agree, deviance is a violation of the rule set by the group

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8
Q

Relativist/ social constructionist concept

A

nothing is inherently deviant, deviance is any behavior that elicits a label of deviance

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9
Q

Critical concept

A

The understanding of deviance is set by those in power, critiques the social norms set in the first place

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10
Q

Neoliberalism

A

ideology that argues for low government

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11
Q

2 key trends of neoliberalism

A

Privatization (loosening the government’s hold on economy) and deregulation (reduction of government’s power on industry)

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12
Q

Reading 3 author’s argument on college tuition

A

students are considered deviant for not paying loans, but author argues that the private businesses are the deviant ones

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13
Q

Moral justification

A

actions are justified If they are morally acceptable

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14
Q

euphemistic labeling

A

words (labels) to make deviance seem not bad1

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15
Q

advantageous comparison

A

comparing your actions to something worse

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16
Q

displacement of responsibility

A

people view their actions as the result of social pressures from others “they made me do it”

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17
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

harm done by a group doesn’t seem as bad if you did it individually

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18
Q

Dehumanization

A

dehumanizing

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19
Q

attribution of blame

A

blaming a deviant behavior on someone else (bad grade on a test)

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20
Q

Manifest functions

A

What is intended- what the institution is supposed to do (learn at a university)

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21
Q

latent functions

A

the unintended consequence (student debt)

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22
Q

Conformity

A

Accept goals and means (going to college)

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23
Q

Ritualism

A

Reject goals but accept means (will work but don’t care about moving up in the world)

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24
Q

Innovation

A

Accepts the goals but rejects means (make money but do it illegally- drug dealing)

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25
Retreatism
Reject goals and means (into the wild)
26
Rebellion
New means and new goals- always have an agenda to push new goals
27
Differential opportunity theory
more than one way to get rich, cannot assume that everyone has equal opportunities and means (criminal, conflict, retreatist)
28
Types of differential opportunity theory
criminal (boys in sketchy neighborhood w no sources), conflict (no opportunity for success because of limited means), retreatist (so angry that they gave up)
29
Examples of abuse for Abu Gharaib
state of anomie and confusion at the camp produced deviance with inmates and the army, such as torture on prison inmates
30
Three sources of academic strain
Strains: failure to achieve goals (bad grades), neg stimuli (being benched for bad grades), peers commenting on bad grades- leads to drug misuse in college students
31
Social disorganization theory
attempts to explain why certain neighborhoods control deviance and why others are unable to minimize it- if deviance is not controlled,
32
Reading 13- correlation between immigrants and criminal behavior
Immigrants are less likely to engage in criminal nehavior
33
Marxist theory
capitalist system needs to go- need to overthrow the system- produces alienation (Boujwazee (rich) vs proletariat (workers))
34
Conflict theory
More than just two groups- more complex than just capitalist system
35
Critical race theory
white supremacy- racism is the water we are swimming in
36
Cultural appropriation
A dominant group being praised for having mannerisms belonging to a minority group
37
Strange bedfellows
two opposite groups come together for a common goal
38
What are moral entrepreneurs
goal is to drive change
39
Stages of a successful moral campaign
awareness (framing), moral conversion (shift of public thought), alliance building, threat will recede with legislation
40
Reading "villains and victims" what theory is used
critical theory
41
Differential association theory
criminal behavior is learned by peers, not born with it, definitions- when you have more favorable definitions is when you do more crime
42
Aker's social learning theory (4 concepts)
definitions, differential association, differential reinforcement, imitation
43
Definitions (akers social learning)
beliefs that define a behavior as good or bad- favorable- skipping school is cool, neutralizing- skipping school doesn't hurt anyone, reproachful- skipping hurts the offender and classmates
44
Differential association (akers social learning)
definitions are learned through the people you associate yourself with (social networking)
45
critiques of differential association and social learning
do not truly explain peer influence
46
differential reinforcement (akers social learning)
rewards and punishments will influence the future behavior
47
imitation (akers social learning)
observing a modeled behavior
48
Reading 17 (prescription drug use) : what component of social learning theory was most relevant to their study
prescription drug use- differential association (deviance is learned through others, especially parents)
49
Hirschi's control theory
The reason we don't engage in deviance is cus we have social bonds to conformity
50
Hirschi's 4 types of social bonds
attachment (to peers, don't want to disappoint), commitment (weighing cost and benefit of behavior, NCAA athlete smoking weed), involvement (time component), belief (values of society mattering to you)
51
Denial of responsibility (technique of neutralization)
I only abuse them because I was abused (not responsible) (excuse)
52
denial of injury (technique of neutralization)
nobody was hurt (justification)
53
denial of victim (technique of neutralization)
they had it coming to them (justification)
54
Condemnation of condemners (technique of neutralization)
shifts blame to the victim (everybody's picking on me)
55
appeal to higher layalties (technique of neutralization)
I didn't do it for myself (they were picking on my little brother)
56
Reading 21: difference between Netherlands and US
better sex education, better engaged in conversations about it
57
Labeling theory steps
deviance, reaction, role engulfment, secondary deviance
58
Residual rule breaking
deviance where there is no clear category if it is breaking any rules, makes people uncomfy but isn't breaking any rules (lots of crazy piercings)
59
Secondary deviance
reaction to role engulfment from society
60
Reintegrative shaming
moral disapproval followed by efforts to bring the offender back into the community
61
disintegrative shaming
both offense and offender labeled as deviant resulting in permanent stigmatization (usually what happens)
62
Reading 23- "psuodependents"
had the label of schizophrenia, abusive behavior happened when only patients around,
63
Looking glass self
how we think others perceive us makes us perceive ourselves that way
64
primary deviance
individuals violate norms without seeing themselves as being deviant (Yes I did it, but thats not me)
65
Drifting into drug dealing
most people drift into drug dealing- snowball/ chain referrals
66
Go between (Drifting into drug dealing)
middle man between dealer and friends
67
stash dealer (Drifting into drug dealing)
person is into drugs, can't afford them so starts selling them
68
connoisaur (Drifting into drug dealing)
desire selling high quality cocaine
69
apprentice (Drifting into drug dealing)
learned from others and then drifted in
70
expansion of existing product line (Drifting into drug dealing)
started selling just weed, then escalated into cocaine too because of connections
71
Issues with studying deviance globally
there are different laws so everything is recorded differently
72
problems with addressing human trafficking
lack of framework, lack of knowledge and definitions, lack of training to prevent it
73
canvas "globalization of deviance" - 3 processes that made it easier for globalization
Information technologies, transportation technologies, financial technologies
74
Strain theory's biggest concept
American dream (failure to achieve)
75
Felon disenfranchisement
results of prisoner after getting out (can't get a job)

Deviance in US Society (2 decks)

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