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Deviance in US Society > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Standards of normalcy

A 
Cultural/behavioral (social standard to specific group)
Ideal absolute (religious/philosophical)
Statistical (average/mode)
Personal (if I do it, it must be normal)
Clinical (expert standards)
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2
Q

Berger’s definition of social control

A

Social control is used to keep people in line

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3
Q

Control theory

A

People want to satisfy their needs but do not want negative consequences/ for people to look poorly on them

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4
Q

Internal control vs external control

A

our own consciousness vs outside sources (friends, fam)

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5
Q

Are informal or formal sanctions more efficient

A

informal

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6
Q

most influential and least influential types of sanctions

A

least = safety, most= internal

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7
Q

Positive or normative concept

A

There is a general set of norms of behavior, conduct, and conditions on which we can agree, deviance is a violation of the rule set by the group

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8
Q

Relativist/ social constructionist concept

A

nothing is inherently deviant, deviance is any behavior that elicits a label of deviance

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9
Q

Critical concept

A

The understanding of deviance is set by those in power, critiques the social norms set in the first place

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10
Q

Neoliberalism

A

ideology that argues for low government

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11
Q

2 key trends of neoliberalism

A

Privatization (loosening the government’s hold on economy) and deregulation (reduction of government’s power on industry)

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12
Q

Reading 3 author’s argument on college tuition

A

students are considered deviant for not paying loans, but author argues that the private businesses are the deviant ones

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13
Q

Moral justification

A

actions are justified If they are morally acceptable

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14
Q

euphemistic labeling

A

words (labels) to make deviance seem not bad1

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15
Q

advantageous comparison

A

comparing your actions to something worse

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16
Q

displacement of responsibility

A

people view their actions as the result of social pressures from others “they made me do it”

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17
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

harm done by a group doesn’t seem as bad if you did it individually

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18
Q

Dehumanization

A

dehumanizing

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19
Q

attribution of blame

A

blaming a deviant behavior on someone else (bad grade on a test)

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20
Q

Manifest functions

A

What is intended- what the institution is supposed to do (learn at a university)

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21
Q

latent functions

A

the unintended consequence (student debt)

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22
Q

Conformity

A

Accept goals and means (going to college)

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23
Q

Ritualism

A

Reject goals but accept means (will work but don’t care about moving up in the world)

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24
Q

Innovation

A

Accepts the goals but rejects means (make money but do it illegally- drug dealing)

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25
Q

Retreatism

A

Reject goals and means (into the wild)

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26
Q

Rebellion

A

New means and new goals- always have an agenda to push new goals

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27
Q

Differential opportunity theory

A

more than one way to get rich, cannot assume that everyone has equal opportunities and means (criminal, conflict, retreatist)

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28
Q

Types of differential opportunity theory

A

criminal (boys in sketchy neighborhood w no sources), conflict (no opportunity for success because of limited means), retreatist (so angry that they gave up)

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29
Q

Examples of abuse for Abu Gharaib

A

state of anomie and confusion at the camp produced deviance with inmates and the army, such as torture on prison inmates

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30
Q

Three sources of academic strain

A

Strains: failure to achieve goals (bad grades), neg stimuli (being benched for bad grades), peers commenting on bad grades- leads to drug misuse in college students

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31
Q

Social disorganization theory

A

attempts to explain why certain neighborhoods control deviance and why others are unable to minimize it- if deviance is not controlled,

32
Q

Reading 13- correlation between immigrants and criminal behavior

A

Immigrants are less likely to engage in criminal nehavior

33
Q

Marxist theory

A

capitalist system needs to go- need to overthrow the system- produces alienation (Boujwazee (rich) vs proletariat (workers))

34
Q

Conflict theory

A

More than just two groups- more complex than just capitalist system

35
Q

Critical race theory

A

white supremacy- racism is the water we are swimming in

36
Q

Cultural appropriation

A

A dominant group being praised for having mannerisms belonging to a minority group

37
Q

Strange bedfellows

A

two opposite groups come together for a common goal

38
Q

What are moral entrepreneurs

A

goal is to drive change

39
Q

Stages of a successful moral campaign

A

awareness (framing), moral conversion (shift of public thought), alliance building, threat will recede with legislation

40
Q

Reading “villains and victims” what theory is used

A

critical theory

41
Q

Differential association theory

A

criminal behavior is learned by peers, not born with it, definitions- when you have more favorable definitions is when you do more crime

42
Q

Aker’s social learning theory (4 concepts)

A

definitions, differential association, differential reinforcement, imitation

43
Q

Definitions (akers social learning)

A

beliefs that define a behavior as good or bad- favorable- skipping school is cool, neutralizing- skipping school doesn’t hurt anyone, reproachful- skipping hurts the offender and classmates

44
Q

Differential association (akers social learning)

A

definitions are learned through the people you associate yourself with (social networking)

45
Q

critiques of differential association and social learning

A

do not truly explain peer influence

46
Q

differential reinforcement (akers social learning)

A

rewards and punishments will influence the future behavior

47
Q

imitation (akers social learning)

A

observing a modeled behavior

48
Q

Reading 17 (prescription drug use) : what component of social learning theory was most relevant to their study

A

prescription drug use- differential association (deviance is learned through others, especially parents)

49
Q

Hirschi’s control theory

A

The reason we don’t engage in deviance is cus we have social bonds to conformity

50
Q

Hirschi’s 4 types of social bonds

A

attachment (to peers, don’t want to disappoint), commitment (weighing cost and benefit of behavior, NCAA athlete smoking weed), involvement (time component), belief (values of society mattering to you)

51
Q

Denial of responsibility (technique of neutralization)

A

I only abuse them because I was abused (not responsible) (excuse)

52
Q

denial of injury (technique of neutralization)

A

nobody was hurt (justification)

53
Q

denial of victim (technique of neutralization)

A

they had it coming to them (justification)

54
Q

Condemnation of condemners (technique of neutralization)

A

shifts blame to the victim (everybody’s picking on me)

55
Q

appeal to higher layalties (technique of neutralization)

A

I didn’t do it for myself (they were picking on my little brother)

56
Q

Reading 21: difference between Netherlands and US

A

better sex education, better engaged in conversations about it

57
Q

Labeling theory steps

A

deviance, reaction, role engulfment, secondary deviance

58
Q

Residual rule breaking

A

deviance where there is no clear category if it is breaking any rules, makes people uncomfy but isn’t breaking any rules (lots of crazy piercings)

59
Q

Secondary deviance

A

reaction to role engulfment from society

60
Q

Reintegrative shaming

A

moral disapproval followed by efforts to bring the offender back into the community

61
Q

disintegrative shaming

A

both offense and offender labeled as deviant resulting in permanent stigmatization (usually what happens)

62
Q

Reading 23- “psuodependents”

A

had the label of schizophrenia, abusive behavior happened when only patients around,

63
Q

Looking glass self

A

how we think others perceive us makes us perceive ourselves that way

64
Q

primary deviance

A

individuals violate norms without seeing themselves as being deviant (Yes I did it, but thats not me)

65
Q

Drifting into drug dealing

A

most people drift into drug dealing- snowball/ chain referrals

66
Q

Go between (Drifting into drug dealing)

A

middle man between dealer and friends

67
Q

stash dealer (Drifting into drug dealing)

A

person is into drugs, can’t afford them so starts selling them

68
Q

connoisaur (Drifting into drug dealing)

A

desire selling high quality cocaine

69
Q

apprentice (Drifting into drug dealing)

A

learned from others and then drifted in

70
Q

expansion of existing product line (Drifting into drug dealing)

A

started selling just weed, then escalated into cocaine too because of connections

71
Q

Issues with studying deviance globally

A

there are different laws so everything is recorded differently

72
Q

problems with addressing human trafficking

A

lack of framework, lack of knowledge and definitions, lack of training to prevent it

73
Q

canvas “globalization of deviance” - 3 processes that made it easier for globalization

A

Information technologies, transportation technologies, financial technologies

74
Q

Strain theory’s biggest concept

A

American dream (failure to achieve)

75
Q

Felon disenfranchisement

A

results of prisoner after getting out (can’t get a job)

Deviance in US Society (2 decks)

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