Final Flashcards
According to Figure 1.3 in the textbook, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use among young adults ages 18 to 25 appears to have PEAKED around:
A. 1980 B. 1992 C. 2000 D. 2012
A. 1980
According to the “Unintended Consequences” box in Chapter 1 of the textbook, an incident reported in the media that lead to experimentation and substance abuse was:
A. sniffing glue used in assembling plastic models
B. flavoring liquid medications with fruit flavors
C. e-cigarette technology and miniaturization
D. making cocktails with alcohol and Alka-Selzer
A. sniffing glue used in assembling plastic models
From Chapter 2, ALL of the following are MAJOR societal concerns for controlling drug use and leading to drug regulations EXCEPT FOR:
A. drug toxicity
B. crime associated with obtaining drugs
C. “black market” drug prices
D. drug dependence
C. “black market” drug prices
According to Table 2.2, the category of drugs mentioned MOST FREQUENTLY in the DAWN system with regard to emergency room drug-related visits is: A. antipsychotics B. benzodiazepines C. antidepressants D. prescription opioids
D. prescription opioids
ALL of the following are important characteristics of substance dependence EXCEPT FOR: A. tolerance B. rebound C. withdrawal D. reinforcement
B. rebound
According to Table 2.3, the drug listed as having the HIGHEST probability for DEPENDENCE after ONE YEAR of use is: A. marijuana B. nicotine C. alcohol D. cocaine
D. cocaine
Scheduling of drugs was brought into existence by this legislation:
A. Harrison Act of 1914
B. 1962 Kefauver Amendments to the Pure Food and Drug Act
C. 1970 Controlled Substances Act
D. 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act
C. 1970 Controlled Substances Act
Substances with a HIGH abuse potential but with some CURRENTLY ACCEPTABLE medical uses are listed in: A. Schedule V B. Schedule I C. Schedule IV D. Schedule II
D. Schedule II
In clinical trials for approval of a new drug, the phase in which the drug is given to a population of HEALTHY people is called: A. Phase one B. Phase two C. Phase three D. Phase four
A. Phase one
Neurotransmitters are made in the neuron presynapse by: A. ion channels B. synthesizing enzymes C. metabolizing enzymes D. the sodium-potassium pump
B. synthesizing enzymes
The atom or ion mainly responsible for REPOLARIZING and creating the resting potential inside neurons is: A. calcium B. potassium C. chloride D. sodium
B. potassium
A sharp, concise, and fast signal from a neurotransmitter in a synapse is created by the presence of: A. membranes B. large quantities of neurotransmitter C. glial cells D. metabolizing enzymes
D. metabolizing enzymes
- allows for very high drug selectivity
- sharp and concise signal from a NT
- protecting NT from metabolism before release
- triggers release of NT
- helps create negative charge inside neurons
A. storage in presynaptic vesicles B. sodium pump activity C. neuronal reuptake of NT D. receptor subtypes E. influx of calcium into presynapse
1: D. receptor subtypes
2: C. neuronal reuptake of NT
3: A. storage in presynaptic vesicles
4: E. influx of calcium into presynapse
5: B. sodium pump activity
- Reward and pleasure
- Rest and recovery
- Promotes a feeling of wellness
- Helps to deal with stress and pain
- Increases feeling of energy and alertness
A. Endorphins B. Norepinephrine C. Dopamine D. Serotonin E. Acetylcholine
1: C. Dopamine
2: E. Acetylcholine
3: D. Serotonin
4. A. Endorphins
5. B. Norepinephrine
The organ in the body that is MOST responsible for drug metabolism is the:
A. kidney B. lungs C. liver D. spleen
C. liver
The ABSORPTION phase of drug action involves getting the drug from: A. the blood into the urine B. the liver into the brain C. outside the body into the blood D. the blood into the tissues
C. outside the body into the blood
liver metabolism of a drug usually results in:
A. decreased elimination of drug
B. giving a rapid onset of action
C. increased fat solubility and storage in tissues
D. deactivation and increased water solubility
D. deactivation and increased water solubility
The DOSE-RESPONSE curve for the SIDE EFFECTS (toxicity) of a drug should be ____________ of the DOSE-RESPONSE curve for the therapeutic effect of the drug.
A. right B. left C. above D. below
A. right
The term ED50 means:
A. the dose of the drug most likely to produce a therapeutic effect is 50 milligrams
B. a desirable or therapeutic effect from the drug in fifty percent of people at this dose
C. fifty people had an effect from the drug at this dose
D. a drug is 50 times more effective than a placebo
B. a desirable or therapeutic effect from the drug in fifty percent of people at this dose
According to the “Keeping Inexperienced Users Safe” box in Chapter 5, novice users should be DISCOURAGED from INTRAVENOUS injections because:
A. they lack tolerance
B. they do not know where veins are located
C. they will bleed more
D. they have greater pain and infections
A. they lack tolerance
If DRUG B DISPLACES DRUG A from protein binding in the blood, then DRUG A should have:
A. no change in effects
B. less effects
C. more effects
C. more effects
This powerful stimulant is a South American NATURAL product : A. amphetamine B. cocaine C. ephedrine D. theophylline
B. cocaine
Cocaine’s effects in the brain:
A. result from blocking serotonin reuptake.
B. cause decreased reuptake of multiple transmitters.
C. are due to its local anesthetic actions.
D. result from blocking dopamine receptors
B. cause decreased reuptake of multiple transmitters.
BENZODIAZEPINE sedative-hypnotic drugs produce their actions by ENHANCING: A. norepinephrine B. acetylcholine C. GABA D. dopamine
C. GABA
The natural product methylxanthine alkaloid is:
A. ephedrine B. cocaine C. GHB D. caffeine
D. caffeine
According to the “Drugs in Depth” box in Chapter 7, the barbiturate SODIUM PENTATHOL has been used for ALL the following EXCEPT FOR: A. lethal injections for death penalty B. “truth serum” for interrogations C. treating epilepsy D. surgical anesthesia
C. treating epilepsy
The mechanism of action for CAFFEINE involves: A. blocking dopamine receptors B. blocking metabolism of GABA C. blocking adenosine receptors D. stimulating endorphin receptors
C. blocking adenosine receptors
According to a Table in Chapter 7, ALL the following are abused as inhalants EXCEPT FOR: A. aerosols or propellants B. nitrites C. volatile solvents D. detergents
D. detergents
The mood stabilizer used to treat BIPOLAR disorder is: A.methamphetamine B. chlorpromazine C.fentanyl D. lithium
D. lithium
Blocking the NEURONAL REUPTAKE of neurotransmitters is the mechanism of action for thisclass of drugs: A. tricyclics B.opioids C.phenothiazines D.electroconvulsives
A. tricyclics
According to the lecture slide on PTSD, drug treatment may involve this class of drugs: A.opioids B.phenothiazines C.tricyclics D.SSRIs
D.SSRIs
The mechanism of action for many ANTIPSYCHOTIC drugsinvolve blocking receptors for the neurotransmitter: A.endorphin B.dopamine C.glutamate D. GABA
B.dopamine
The PHENOTHIAZINE class of drugs are mainly used to treat: A.depression B. panic disorders C. schizophrenia D. OCD
C. schizophrenia
ANXIOLYTIC drugs are used to reduce: A.delusions or hallucinations B.bipolar disorder C.fatigue or loss of energy D.anxiety
D.anxiety
The FIRST LINE class of drugs for treating OCD are the: A.tricyclics B.SSRIs C. NT metabolism blockers D.phenothiazines
B.SSRIs
- The breakdown of starch (a sugar polymer) to SINGLE sugar molecules occurs by enzymes found in:
A.rice B. yeast C. malt D. corn
C. malt
Generally, a MALE can METABOLIZE on average about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of alcohol an hour. A.0.10 fluid ounces B. 0.20 fluid ounces. C. 0.30 fluid ounces. D. 0.40 fluid ounces.
C. 0.30 fluid ounces.
If a MALE drinks 6 STANDARD cans of beer (0.5 fl. Oz) over FOUR hours and this person contains 1800 fl. oz. of water, what would be his approximate PERCENT BAC?
A.0.17 B. 0.13 C. 0.10 D.0.05
C. 0.10
Alcohol WITHDRAWAL symptoms can include ALL the following EXCEPT FOR: A. low blood pressure B.tremors C.hallucinations D. seizures
A. low blood pressure
Which of the following is the BEST description for the chemical properties of ethanol?
A. very polar
B. very lipid or fat
C. balance between lipid (fat) and polar
D. slight lipid or fat
C. balance between lipid (fat) and polar
At a percent blood alcohol level of 0.08, a TEENAGE driver is about _______ times more likely to be involved in a FATAL driving accident.
A. eight B. five C. three D.two
B. five
Disulfiram (ANTABUSE) mainly causes blood levels of _________ to increase after taking ethanol:
A.acetate B.sugar C.glycogen D. acetaldehyde
D. acetaldehyde
On average, cigarette smoking DECREASES life expectancy by about _____ years.
A. 25 B. 20 C. 15 D. 10
D. 10
The effects of NICOTINE are mainly achieved by acting on receptorsfor: A.acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C.GABA D. serotonin
A.acetylcholine
ALL of the following are effects that nicotine INCREASES EXCEPT FOR:
A. tendency of blood to clot
B. emotional excitement and instability
C. heart rate and blood pressure
D. epinephrine release from the adrenal gland
B. emotional excitement and instability
According to the “Life Saver” box in Chapter 13, heroin overdoses often occur in combination with:
A. meth B.marijuana C.alcohol D.cocaine
C.alcohol
According to the “Taking Sides” box in Chapter 13, NALOXONE has been made available
without a prescription in some U.S. cities to:
A.increase abusers seeking treatment
B. decrease “black market” price of opioids
C.decrease heroin overdose deaths
D. decrease illicit drug use
C.decrease heroin overdose deaths
Morphine is LESS effective when given ORALLY compared to injection because it:
A.has a large first-pass effect
B. breaks down in stomach acid
C. can’tbe absorbed from small intestine
D. binds to protein in blood
A.has a large first-pass effect
An hallucinogen found in a type of mushroom is:
A. DMT B. peyote C. psilocybin D.belladonna
C. psilocybin
The compound NOT belonging to the INDOLE hallucinogens is:
A. LSD B. mescaline C. psilocybin D. DMT
B. mescaline
KETAMINE is a drug in a very similar category or very related to:
A. mescaline B. PCP (phencyclidine) C. LSD D. DMT
B. PCP (phencyclidine)
ALL of the following are side effects of LSD EXCEPT FOR: A. increased blood pressure B. pinpoint pupils C. increased salivation D. increased body temperature
B. pinpoint pupils
The year marijuana was placed in Schedule One of the Federal Controlled Substances Act is:
A. 2012 B. 1996 C. 1970 D. 1937
C. 1970
Marijuana mimics this substance NORMALLY found in the BRAIN: A. endorphin B. anandamide C. tetrahydrocannabinol D. tyramine
B. anandamide
The compound from above (Question #33) may possibly have ALL of the following medical uses EXCEPT FOR: A. reduce seizures B. decrease formation of blood clots C. anti-anxiety properties D. reduce schizophrenic symptoms
B. decrease formation of blood clots
ALL of the following are physiological effects associated with marijuana use EXCEPT FOR: A. decreased heart rate B. dryness of mouth C. reddening of eyes D. increased appetite
A. decreased heart rate
Cannabinoid receptors in the brain may be involved in ALL the following EXCEPT FOR: A. balance and coordination B. memory system C. pleasure or reward system D. body heat regulation
D. body heat regulation
The type of oil obtained from hemp contains:
A. THC B. hashish C. CBD D. cannabole
C. CBD
According to the “Myth Buster” box in Chapter 16 of the textbook, the performance-enhancing drug of choice in major league baseball is: A. strychnine B. beta-blockers C. beta-agonists D. amphetamines
D. amphetamines
Performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) that mainly increase the physical feeling of energy are called: A. ergogenics B. beta-blockers C. anabolics D. doping
A. ergogenics
Erythropoietin (EPO) enhances athletic performance by increasing:
A. growth and size of muscles
B. psychological feeling of competitiveness
C. synthesis and release of testosterone
D. amount of red blood cells in blood
D. amount of red blood cells in blood
A category of PEDs that mainly causes INCREASED blood flow to muscles is: A. stimulants B. NSAIDs C. Beta-2 agonists D. cannabinoids
C. Beta-2 agonists
ALL the following are ADVERSE EFFECTS of using steroids EXCEPT FOR: A. headaches B. reduced size of prostate C. liver toxicity D. baldness
B. reduced size of prostate
The mechanism of action for anabolic steroids involves:
A. releasing insulin and increasing sugar uptake by muscle cells.
B. decreasing the breakdown of energy molecules in the body.
C. increasing activity of DNA to make RNA.
D. blocking release of female or estrogen type of hormones.
C. increasing activity of DNA to make RNA.
One of the major adverse effects in using erythropoietin (EPO) in enhancing sports performance is: A. increased blood clotting B. fluid accumulation in organs C. muscle spasms D. increased bleeding
A. increased blood clotting
What are the stages of change for addiction?
o Pre-contemplation (denial) o Contemplation (believes problem might exist) o Preparation (decides to change) o Action (enters treatment) o Maintenance (continued and active treatment)
What is the equation for BAC?
- Total fluid in body: number of gallons x 128 = T fl.oz.
- Total ethanol in body after one hour: # glasses x 0.5 fl.oz. = C fl.oz.
- Metabolize 0.3 fl.oz. per hour x hours = M
- C-M=R
- (R/T) x 100 = BAC
