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Final Flashcards

1
Q

The gender ideology that considers women as moral and spiritual superiors to men is

A

Marianismo

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2
Q

Machismo is mostly present in ________ social groups

A

Urban mestizo communities

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3
Q

An example of how dominant gender expectations are contested is:

A
  • Chile; Allende
  • Nicaragua defenders of children
  • Argentina Madre of the plaza de mayo
  • Sexuality: eating, matrifocality
  • makes : alcohol & fatherhood
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4
Q

In which ancient society did women have their own power, politics, and religion; their own cults, and had their contributions recognized?

A

Inca

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5
Q

While there is diversity in fatherhood practices in Mexico, where are tim most likely to find the “detached father”

A
  • in middle and upper class
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6
Q

Which country has the greatest gender equality in Latin America?

A

Cuba

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7
Q

Gender stereotypes, particularly those linked to marianismo, are frequently contested across

A
  • being in the army

- matrifocality (women being head of household)

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8
Q

Who was Xochiquetzal?

A
  • Aztec goddess of sex and gender
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9
Q

Which of the following best describes a mandilon?

A
  • man critiqued for helping women in family chores & for not having children despite being in a relationship
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10
Q

In urban settings, who plays a key role in helping women move up the corporate ladder?

A
  • unpaid family labour from grandparents who take care of the children while their mothers work
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11
Q

True or false: in contemporary Latin American societies, parenthood lasts a lifetime

A

True

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12
Q

According to Pierre Bourdieu, the different types of capital that determine social class are:

A
  • economic
  • cultural
  • symbolic
  • social
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13
Q

Who was Rigoberta Menchu?

A
  • A Mayan political and human rights activist
  • awarded for a Nobel prize for her activism in Guatemala
  • critiqued for her narrative concerning indigenous groups in Guatemala
  • sought refuge in Mexico due to atrocities committed in Guatemala
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14
Q

The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo rally to protect the memory and demand the whereabouts of individuals, particularly students, who ‘disappeared’ as a part of which country?

A

Argentina

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15
Q

What factors contributed to the civil strife and violence that riddled Central America from the 1970s through to the 1980s?

A
  • expansion of export agriculture
  • appropriation of peasant and land labour
  • coalescence of powerful national elites
  • forging of strong, repressive states
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16
Q

In what ways has revolutionary violence related to structural violence across Latin America?

A
  • structural violence cut across institutions

- revolutionary violence - uprise against institutions

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17
Q

Which of the following is true about carnaval?

A
  • African heritage

- masses rule the carnaval and the elite follow the masses

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18
Q

What were the results of the Mexican Revolution on the religion?

A
  • religion became anti- constitutional
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19
Q

True or false: the fiestas patronales are a display of traditional catholic system beliefs?

A

False

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20
Q

What is one side effect that the rise of Protestantism has had on Mexican society?

A
  • rejection of violence to those who do not practice
  • communities divided
  • didn’t spend as much money
  • Protestant missionaries tried to address other issues: health, work etc.
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21
Q

According to the textbook, which of the following would be an example of religious syncretism?

A
  • cathedral in Quito Ecuador with the last supper with a guinea pig
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22
Q

Why is the Virgin Guadalupe such an important figure in Mexico?-

A
  • Mexican symbol of the Virgin Mary
  • icon of Mexican national identity
  • appeared to dark skinned Indian Juan Diego
  • revered in Mexico for struggle for better life (especially by women)
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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about cultural values

A
  • they do not directly correspond to cultural behaviours
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24
Q

What are the critical dimensions presented in cultural values lecture?

A 
Individual - collective
Equal - hierarchy
Achieve - be
Uncertainty avoidance 
Time
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25
Which if the following is not a critical dimension presented in the cultural values lecture
Local- global
26
An individualist universalist
Absolute and equal
27
A collectivist particularist
No absolutes, everyone unique
28
Which of the following statements is correct?
- a collectivist particularist believes that there are no absolutes and that everyone should be treated uniquely
29
Who, among Haiti’s population, is somsideded the most affected and vulnerable to contraction of HIV/ AIDS?
Poor women
30
What distinguishes the folk illness nervios from susto and mal de ojos?
Nervios- loss of emotional and bodily control Susto - stress or fear that stays with you Mal de ojo- envy Nervios
31
True or false: popular culture is not a static entity, but changes based on social meaning
True
32
What is one way a family might protect themselves from mal de ojo?
- babies wear necklaces - hide babies - Lower or hide success
33
Which of the following beast describes the Cashinahua of Amazonian Brazil and Peru's conception of the developmental trajectory of the human body?
- weren't male or female - don't differentiate between body and soul - not simply a natural or biological process - body is "made to grow" - growth through interactions with others and spirits for learning
34
Which of the following factors contribute to the dramatic increase in Tuberculosis incidences across Latin America over the last several decades?
- biomedical: emergence of drug- resistant strains of TH and coinfection with HIV - political, economic, and cultural - civil strife and mass migration of refugees - stigmatization and lack of integration between bio and ethnomedical systems - growing poverty - growing gap between haves and have nots - poverty, gender inequality, disease stigmatization & sharp rise in poverty
35
According to the textbook, a key characteristic of popular culture in Latin America is the fact that
- hard to define
36
Tango is widely associated with Argentina. Which other country's national identity is associated with a long tradition of Tango?
Uruguay
37
Which widely known figure played baseball, and used it to help build his or her country's national identity?
- Fidel Castro
38
Which of the following demonstrates the social importance of telenovelas?
- reflects public symbolic world - family ritual - Central issues - forging a continent wide Latin American identity - forging a more homogenous national culture and sense of identity understood by most people
39
Why is Protestantism growing in Latin America?
- do not drink, smoke, dance, or gamble - do not venerate saints, reject artificial representations of saints and demons - do not participate in confradia rituals - reject compradazago - reject communal celebrations of saints days - less money - ministers come in and promote benefits (health, employment)
40
What does susto mean?
Fright; espanto
41
When does carnaval start?
- 40 days before wasted; start of lent
42
True or false - telenovelas are Latin American soap operas?
True
43
A narcocorrido glorifies
- drug dealers; drug culture
44
Machismo is tied to this country
Mexico
45
Neolocal residence is when the couple resides
- separately from both parents houses
46
Multi sided ethnography takes place in
- multiple locations
47
Religious syncretism is
A blending of compartmentalization of supernatural deities drawn from the catholic, indigenous, and African pantheons
48
What is ethnomedicine
The culturally specific medical systems in non- western societies - usually focus on social and cultural factors
49
Deforestation is a major issue in the
Amazon
50
Baseball is popular in what country?
- Dominican Republic
51
What is a Quincenera?
- celebration for when women turn 15 years old in Mexico and Central America
52
Coups, revolutionary movements, and violence have affected
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Chiapas Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, Nicaragua/ El Salvador
53
Who, among Haitis population is considered the most affected and vulnerable to contradiction of HIV/ AIDS?
Poor women
54
True or false- In contemporary Latin America, the groups with the lowest socioeconomic status have the darkest skin tones
True
55
What are the four forms of class capital?
- economic, cultural, symbolic, and social
56
Latin American dances which focus on hip movements originate from
Africa
57
In Latin America, employment opportunities are based primarily on
Family connections
58
How does the level of confianza (closeness) between individuals affect the magnitude of favores (favours)
- closeness = more favours
59
In which society is machismo and marianismo most often seen?
- Mestizo
60
What is a characteristic of the nurtured childhood ideology
- nurtured Children have high income - aren't supposed to do much work, are supposed to be taken care of - mother is responsible for providing, children don't do chores - poorer children are nurturing, richer families children are supposed to be nurtured - obesity - nurturing is feedings
61
What is the cargo system in Latin America
- a community obligation in the catholic system | - unpaid role or council in the religious system
62
_____ is to Latin Americans what hockey is to _______
Soccer; Canada
63
How is social rank expressed?
- language - titles (terms of address) - seating - dress
64
In areas of Latin America is it okay to arrive a half hour late when meeting with friends
Yes
65
Who is the "collective society" that people in Latin America identify with
- their family
66
In an individual society you treat ______. In a collective society you treat ______
Individual society you treat everybody equally, in a collective society you treat everyone uniquely

Latin America (2 decks)

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