final

Question 1

qualitative approach in purpose statment

Answer 1

contains info about the central phenomenon explored in the study, participants in study, and the research site

Question 2

quantitative approach in purpose statement

Answer 2

includes the variables in the study and their relationship, the participants, and the research site, and language associated with quantitative research and deductive testing of relationships or theories

Question 3

purpose statement

Answer 3

establishes the intent of entire research study. most important statement in entire study

Question 4

placement of purpose statement in intro

Answer 4

at the end of the introduction

Question 5

“Definition of terms” section

Answer 5

terms that reader needs to understand in proposal. can be found separate of literature review, included in literature review, or in different sections

Question 6

nondirectional language

Answer 6

prediction is made, but exact form of differences is not specified

Question 7

variables order in quant purpose statement

Answer 7

independent & dependent, then mediating or moderating

Question 8

mixed method purpose statement

Answer 8

contains overall intent of study, info about qual and quant strands of study, and rationale for incorporating both strands. must be stated early to clarify to reader why both strands are used.

Question 9

use of verbs in developing questions

Answer 9

use active verbs, use present tense to verbs to add vigor

Question 10

qualitative research question and number of subquestions

Answer 10

inquirers state research questions, not objectives or hypothesis. assume two forms: central question and subquestions. no more than 5-7 subquestions

Question 11

demographic variables

Answer 11

used as moderating variables that affect the influence of independent variable on dependent variable

Question 12

mixed method research questions & hypothesis order

Answer 12

Should contain three research questions: qualitative question, quantitative question, & mixed methods question. in single phase either qualitative or quantitative first, in two phase first phase question first then second phase, in three phase mixed method question in the middle with first phase qualitative and third quantitative

Question 13

emergent, inductive design & qualitative research

Answer 13

inductive design: qualitative researchers typically work inductively, building themes ad patterns from bottom up and going back and forth between themes and database until comprehensive set of themes is established. Emergent design: Qualitative research is emergent, the initial plan cant be tightly prescribed, and can change over the course of the data collection

Question 14

null hypothesis

Answer 14

traditional approach to writing hypothesis in quantitative research, makes prediction that no relationship or differences exists between groups on a variable

Question 15

pragmatist

Answer 15

arises out of actions, situations, and consequences rather than preexistent conditions. researchers focus on research problem instead of focusing on methods and use all approaches to to understand it

Question 16

postpositivist

Answer 16

deterministic philosophy, where causes probably effect outcomes. when solving problems, need to understand the causes of the outcomes

Question 17

constructivist

Answer 17

individuals seek to understand the world in which they live and work. relies on how individuals see the world

Question 18

transformative

Answer 18

research needs to involve politics and social justice and confront it.

Question 19

sampling techniques

Answer 19

random sampling, systematic sampling, non-probability (convenience) sampling.

Question 20

types of validity

Answer 20

content validity (do items measure content they intended to measure), predictive/concurrent validity (do scores predict criterion measure?), construct validity (do items measure hypothetical constructs or concepts)