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Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

About ____ percent of Americans drink

A

71

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2
Q

Low risk drinking

A

14 drinks a week for men and no more than 4 in one day

7 drinks a week for women and no more than 3 in one day

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3
Q

“one drink” defined by NIAAA

A

.5 ounces (15 grams)

aka…

12 oz. of beer, 5 oz. of wine, 1.5 oz. shot of 80 proof distilled liquor, or 1.5 oz of liquor in a mixed drink

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4
Q

what is “proof” of alc

A

the alc content of hard liquor, defined as twice the actual percentage of alc in the beverage

ex. 80-proof liquor is 40% alc by volume

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5
Q

Who drinks?

A

in general, people are more likely to drink at certain stages in lifespan, such as adolescence and early adulthood, threshold of middle age, and following retirement

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6
Q

Alcohol consumption is lowest in what ethnic group? and highest in?

A

African americans; native americans

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7
Q

FLushing effect

A

the reaction that Asian get to alcohol

flushed face, nausea, sweating

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8
Q

about ___ percent of high school students are binge drinkers

A

24

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9
Q

About ___ percent of college students who did not drink heavily in high school do so when in entering college

A

20

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10
Q

___ percent of drinking episodes involve adults age ___ years or older

A

70; 26

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11
Q

what is considered binge drinking?

A

5+ drinks within 2 hours for men
4+ drinks within 2 hours for women
at least once in the last 2 weeks

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12
Q

When people binge drink, their blood alcohol content rises to what percent?

A

.08 percent or more

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13
Q

Extreme drinking

A

drinking that goes well beyond binge drinking;

10-15 drinks a day for men and 8-12 drinks a day for women

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14
Q

powdered alcohol

A

one pouch mixed with with 6 oz oz liquid creates an alcoholic beverage

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15
Q

Flavored alc

A

these brands come in 3 categories:

  1. malt based
  2. ready to drink cocktails
  3. alcopops
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16
Q

Alc content volumes for malt beverages, ready to drink beverages, and alcopops

A

malt beverages: 7.8%
ready to drink: 14.2%
alcopops: 10.8%

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17
Q

alcohol particularly affects the cerebellum - which is what?

A

center for balance and motor functions

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18
Q

alcohol particularly affects the prefrontal cortex - which is what?

A

the center for executive functions

  • rational thinking
  • problem solving
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19
Q

What factors affect the rate of alc absorption?

A
  1. food in stomach
  2. gender (girls faster)
  3. age (older adults do not tolerate alc as well as young)
  4. body fat (more fat = faster intoxication)
  5. drug interaction
  6. cigarette smoke (smoking slows the increase in blood alc concentration)
  7. mood and physical condition
  8. alc concentration (more concentration = fast absorption)
  9. Carbonation (faster absorbation)
  10. diet soda (speed up absorption)
  11. tolerance
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20
Q

Where is alc metabolized?

A

little bit in stomach, 90% in liver, 2-10% not metabolized at all

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21
Q

how is alc metabolized in liver?

A

alc is converted to acetaldehyde by ADH

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22
Q

Blood Alc concentration

A

the amount of alc in grams in 100 milliliters of blood, expressed as percentage

ex. for 100 mg of alc in 100 mL of blood the BAC is .10

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23
Q

A person with high body fat will have a _____ BAC than a person with the same weight but more lean body tissue who drinks the same amount

A

higher

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24
Q

do women or men have more ADH? (the enzyme that breaks down alc in the liver)

A

men

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25
Q

what BAC is considered drunk in all states

A

.08%

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26
Q

people who have normal liver function metabolize how much alc per hour?

A

.5 oz (one drink)

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27
Q

driving functions can be impair by what BAC?

A

.02-.04%

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28
Q

visible effects of regular heavy drinking

A

deeper wrinkles, red cheeks, weight gain

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29
Q

how many calories does beer, wine, and a shot have?

A

beer: 144
wine: 100-105
shot: 96

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30
Q

acute alc intoxication

A

a life threatening BAC of .35 or higher

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31
Q

The 2 indicators of physiological dependence are the development of

A

tolerance and withdrawl

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32
Q

Ways to administer drugs

A
  1. orally
  2. inject
  3. inhale
  4. application to mucus membranes (snort)
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33
Q

factors influencing the affects of drugs

A
  1. characteristics of the drug, person and situation
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34
Q

drugs of abuse are usually classified as

A 
stimulants
depressants
opioids 
hallucinogens 
inhalants
cannabinoids
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35
Q

Stimulant

A

a drug that speeds of functioning of brain and sympathetic NS

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36
Q

What are CNS stimulants?

A

cocain
amphetamines
MDMA
bath salts

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37
Q

depressants

A

drugs that slow down the function in the brain and sympathetic NS

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38
Q

CNS depressants

A

barbiturates and hypnotics
anti-anxiety drugs
rohypnol
ghb

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39
Q

opiod examples

A

morphine
heroin
codeine
oxycodone

aka narcotics

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40
Q

hallucinogen and dissociative drug ex

A

LSD
PCP
ketamine

41
Q

external sex organs of female

A

vulva and include the mons pubis, labia majora and labia minora, the clitoris, and the vaginal and urethral openings

42
Q

internal sex organs of female

A

vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

43
Q

external male genetalia

A

penis and scrotum - which contain testes

44
Q

male internal sex organs

A

testes, glands that secrete semen

45
Q

hormone for sexual drive or libido

A

testosterone

46
Q

testosterone stimulates the release of what neurotransmitters

A

dopemine and deratonin

47
Q

human sexual response model stages

A

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

48
Q

male sex hormones

female sex hormones

A

androgens

estrogens and progestins

49
Q

forms of sexual expression

A
  1. celibacy
  2. erotic touch
  3. kissing
  4. self stimulation
  5. oral genital stimulation (cunnilingus/fellatio)
  6. anal
  7. sex
50
Q

female sexual dysfunctions

A
  1. pain during intercourse
  2. Sexual desire disorder
  3. female sexual arousal disorder (cant get or stay wet)
  4. orgasmic dysfunction (
51
Q

treatment for female sexual dysfunction

A

testosterone replacement therapy

52
Q

male sexual dysfunctions

A
  1. pain during intercourse
  2. sexual desire disorder
  3. ED
  4. ejaculation dysfunction (premature ejaculation)
53
Q

treatment for male sexual dysfunctions

A

relies on levels of testosterone
low levels - testosterone replacement therapy

viagra

54
Q

what % of college students engage in sexting?

A

80

55
Q

about ___% of unplanned pregnancies end in abortion

A

40

56
Q

what is considered low birth rate?

A

less than 5.5 pounds

57
Q

hormonal contraceptives

A 
pills
injections
patches 
vaginal rings
implants
58
Q

barrier methods

A

physically separate the sperm from the female reproductive tract

ex. female/male condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge

59
Q

how long can sperm live in female?

A

6 days

60
Q

where do pathogens live?

A

reservoirs - in soil or water within organisms

61
Q

how can a pathogen enter/exit a host?

A

breathing, feces, genital secretion, blood, open sores, nasal/eye discharge, or insect/animal bite

62
Q

vector

A

animal or insect that transmits a pathogen from a reservoir or an infected host to a new host

63
Q

categories of pathogens

A 
viruses (smallest/numerous pathogens)
bacteria (single celled)
prion (made of protein)
fungi (single/multi cell) 
helminths (parasitic worms)
protozoa
ectoparasites
64
Q

viruses consist of what

A

genome, capsid (protein coat), or outer covering/envelope

65
Q

can viruses reproduce on their own

A

no

66
Q

prions are known to be responsible for

A

mad cow disease

67
Q

Where are prions found?

A

brain tissue

68
Q

External barriers to pathogens

A

physical and chemical

69
Q

immunization is based on what principle

A

the immune system is exposed to enough of an infectious agent to trigger an immune response

70
Q

What functions to vaccines serve

A
  1. protect person by stimulating immune response

2. protect society

71
Q

What are the disruptions of immunity?

A

autoimmune diseased and allergies

72
Q

more than ___ organisms are associated with food related illness

A

250

73
Q

food related illnesses include what kind of pathogens

A

viruses, bacteria, prions, parasites

74
Q

what factors account for bacterial resistance

A
  1. the frequency with which resistant genes arise naturally among bacteria through mutation
  2. overuse of antibiotics
75
Q

4 leading causes of infectious disease mortality around the world

A

pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, malaria

76
Q

whooping cough

A

infection of respiratory tract caused by the pertussis virus

77
Q

4 most common cancers

A

breast lung prostate colon

78
Q

initiating even of cancer

A

must be in a location in the cells DNA that alters the functioning of a growth-controlling safety mechanism and allows a cell to evade one of the restraints placed upon health cells

79
Q

oncogene

A

gene that drives cell growth regardless of signals from surrounding cells

80
Q

hyperplasia

A

condition of cell overgrowth

81
Q

dysplasia

A

when cells become abnormal

82
Q

when cancer spreads from one part of the body to another

A

metastasized

83
Q

common sites of metastases

A

brain , liver, bone marrow

84
Q

stage 0 cancer

A

aka in situ

and early cancer that is present only in the layer of cells where it began

85
Q

stage 1 cancers

A

generally small and localizedq

86
Q

stages 2 and 3 cancers

A

locally advanced and may or may not involve local lymph nodes

87
Q

stage 4 cancer

A

have metastasized to distant cites

88
Q

carcinomas

A

arise from epithelial tissues

89
Q

sarcomas

A

originate in CT

90
Q

leukemias

A

cancers of blood, originate in bone marrow or lymphatic system

91
Q

lymphomas

A

originate in lymphnodes or glands

92
Q

UVB rays

A

more likely to cause sunburns and associated with skin cancers

93
Q

UVA rays

A

tend to pass deeper into skin

now believed to to cause skin cancer and premature aging of skin

94
Q

the only bacterium definately linked to cancer

A

heliocobacterium pylori

95
Q

cancer treatments

A 
surgery
chemo
radiation
biological therapies
bone marrow transplant
gene therapy
96
Q

leading cause of unintentional injury death in american

A

motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, falls, choking, and then drowning

97
Q

3 main types of distractions while driving

A

visual
manual
cognitive

98
Q

primary laws regarding motor vehicle safety

A

allow law enforcement officers to pull vehicles over and issue tickets solely because drivers/passengers are not wearing seat belts

99
Q

secondary laws regarding motor vehicle safety

A

allow tickets to be issued only if the vehicle operator has been pulled over for violating another law

Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living (2 decks)

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