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Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living > Abby Yaske > Flashcards

Abby Yaske Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Health

A

Sate of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being.

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2
Q

Physical Health

A

Biological integrity of the individual

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3
Q

Mental health

A

Emotional and intellectual capabilities; the the individuals subjective sense of well being

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4
Q

Social health

A

The ability of the individual to interact effectively with other people and the social environment.

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5
Q

Wellness

A

The process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved mental health and heightened life satisfaction

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6
Q

What are the dimensions of wellness?

A 
Physical 
emotional
intellectual 
spiritual 
interpersonal / social 
environmental
occupational
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7
Q

Socioeconomic model of health and wellness

A

A framework that recognizes the interrelationship between individuals and their environment; it emphasizes that where we live, work, and play influences our health.

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8
Q

Social determinants of health

A

Societal conditions that effect health and can potentially be altered by social and health policies and programs.

income, status, education, literacy, employment, working conditions, housing, transportation, social support networks, and access to healthcare.

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9
Q

Built physical environment factors

A

housing streets schools sanitation transportation systems

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10
Q

Natural physical environment factors

A

Air/water quality, proximity to environmental hazards, and access to parks and natural settings.

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11
Q

Ethnicity

A

The sense of identity an individual draws from national, religious, tribal, language and cultural origins.

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12
Q

Race

A

describes ethnic groups based on physical characteristics; race does not exist as a biological reality.

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13
Q

Public health

A

the study and practice of health promotion and disease prevention at a population level.

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14
Q

Health promotion

A

Public health-related actions designed to maintain a current healthy state or advance to a more desirable state.

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15
Q

Disease prevention

A

Public health-related actions designed to ward off or protect against certain diseases.

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16
Q

Health belief model

A

model of behavior change that uses the constructs of perceived susceptibility, seriousness of consequences, benefits of action, and barriers to action.

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17
Q

Stage of change model

A

model of behavior change that focuses on stages of change. - change is a process

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18
Q

What are the stages of change?

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

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19
Q

Health literacy

A

the ability to read, understand, and act on health information.

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20
Q

health risk

A

probability of a exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences

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21
Q

genome

A

total set of organisms DNA

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22
Q

Differentiation

A

process of which an unspecialized cell divides and gives rise to a specialized cell

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23
Q

Stem cell

A

undifferentiated cell that is capable of giving rise to different types of specialized cells

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24
Q

Positive psychology

A

Area within the field of psychology that focuses on positive emotions, character strengths, and conditions that create happiness

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25
Q

Altruistic

A

Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others

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26
Q

Self actualization

A

In Moslows work, the state attained when a person has reached his or her full potential

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27
Q

3 components of happiness

A

positive emotion and pleasure
engagement
meaning

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28
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

includes and understanding go emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others

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29
Q

Phases of bereavement after the loss of a loved one

A

Numbness and shock
separation
disorganization
reorganization

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30
Q

Frontal cortex

A

The part of the brain where the executive functions of planning, organizing, and rational thinking are controlled

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31
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Brain chemicals that conduct signals from one brain sell to the next

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32
Q

Depression

A

characterized by a depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities and other related symptoms

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33
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

mood disorder characterized by one or more episodes of depression lasting at least 2 weeks

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34
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder characterized by one or more manic episodes that may alternate with depressive episodes

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35
Q

Manic episode

A

an abnormally elevated or irritable mood during a specific period of time

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36
Q

Panic attack

A

physiological and psychological experience of apprehension or intense fear in the absence of a real danger

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37
Q

Panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with concern about having another attack

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38
Q

Specific phobia

A

An intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation

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39
Q

Social phobia

A

An intense fear of particular social or performance situations

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40
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, excessive worrying about everyday events; unwarranted anxiety

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41
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by ritualized behaviors in response to persistent distressing thoughts

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42
Q

Addiction

A

dependence on a substance or behavior

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43
Q

Physiological dependence

A

consequence of chronic substance use characterized by tolerance and withdrawal

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44
Q

Psychotic disorders

A

mental disorders characterized by signs that the individual has lost touch with reality

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45
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder characterized by disorganized and disordered thinking and perceptions, bizarre ideas, hallucinations and impaired functioning

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46
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment for psychological problems usually based on the development of a positive relationship between a client and therapist

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47
Q

Stress

A

The general state of the body, mind, and emotions when an environmental stressor has triggered the stress response

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48
Q

Eustress

A

positive stress

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49
Q

stress response / fight or flight response

A

A series of physiological changes that activate body systems, providing a burst of energy to deal with a perceived threat or danger

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50
Q

relaxation response

A

A series of physiological changes that calm body systems and return them to normal functioning

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51
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Selye’s classic model describing the physiological changes associated with stress response.

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52
Q

The 3 phases of GAS

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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53
Q

burnout

A

adverse work related stress reaction with physical, psychological and behavioral components

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54
Q

intimacy

A

Emotional component of love, inlacing feelings of closeness, warmth, openness, and affection

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55
Q

Passion

A

Sexual component of love, including attraction, romance, excitement, and physical intensity

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56
Q

Commitment

A

The decision aspect of a relationship, the pledge to stay with a partner through good times and bad.

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57
Q

metamessage

A

The unspoken message in a communication; the meaning behind the message, conveyed by nonverbal behavior and by situational factors such as how, when, and where the message is delivered

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58
Q

Assertivness

A

The ability to standup for oneself without violating other peoples rights

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59
Q

Sex

A

a persons biological status - determined at birth by genitalia

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60
Q

intersex

A

having ambiguous reproductive or sexual anatomy

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61
Q

Gender

A

masculine or feminine behavior characteristics considered appropriate for male / female in a particular culture

62
Q

Gender role

A

behaviors and activities a person engages in to conform to societies expectations of his or her sex

63
Q

cohabitation

A

living arrangement in which two people of the opposite sex live together as unmarried partners

64
Q

Community

A

A group of people connected by values, purpose and goals

65
Q

values

A

Set of criteria for judging what is good and bad that underlies moral decisions and behavior

66
Q

Spirituality

A

The experience of connection to self, others, and the community at large, providing a sense of purpose and meaning

67
Q

Service learning

A

Form of education that combines coursework with community service

68
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Daily 24 hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning

69
Q

Sleep Debt

A

The difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount needed to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime, when the amount attained is less than the amount needed

70
Q

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

A

Type of sleep characterized by slower brainwaves than are seen during wakefulness as well as other physiological markers; divided into 4 stages of increasingly deep sleep p

71
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

A

Type of sleep characterized by brain waves and other physiological signs characteristic of a waking state but also characterized by reduced muscle tone, or sleep paralysis; most dream occur during REM sleep

72
Q

REM rebound effect

A

increase in the length and frequency of REM sleep episodes that are experienced when a person sleeps for a longer time after a period of sleep deprivation

73
Q

Sleep latency

A

amount of time it takes a person to fall asleep

74
Q

Multiple Sleep latency test

A

Test of sleep latency, administered as an index of daytime sleepiness and usually given 5 times during the day at a sleep clinic

75
Q

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

A

An umbrella term for 4 sets of dietary recommendations:

  • Estimated Average Requirement
  • Recommended dietary allowance
  • Adequate intake
  • Tolerable upper intake level

designed to promote optimal health and prevent both nutritional deficiencies and chronic disease.

76
Q

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

A

The average daily amount of any one nutrient an individual needs to protect against nutritional deficiency

77
Q

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

A

Intake ranges that provide adequate nutrition and that are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease.

78
Q

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

A

Scientifically based recommendations designed to promote health and reduce the risk for many chronic diseases through diet and physical activity

79
Q

MyPlate

A

Graphic nutritional tool developed by the USDA that can be customized depending on your calorie needs

80
Q

Daily Values

A

Dietary standards used on food labels to indicate how a particular food contributes to the recommended daily intake of major nutrients in a 2000 calorie diet

81
Q

Essential nutrients

A

chemical substances used by the body to build, maintain, and repair tissues and regulate body functions. They can not made by the body and must be obtained from foods or supplements

82
Q

Electrolytes

A

Mineral components that carry electrical charges and conduct nerve impulses

83
Q

Simple carbohydrates

A

Easily digestible carbohydrates composed of one or two units of sugar

84
Q

Glycogen

A

the complex carbohydrate from which glucose is stored in the liver and muscles

85
Q

Added sugars

A

sugars that are added to foods when they are processed; they are listed as ingredients on food packages

86
Q

complex carbohydrates

A

carbohydrates that are composed of multiple sugar units and that must be broken down further before they can be used by the body

87
Q

Starches

A

complex carbohydrates found in many plant foods

88
Q

Refined carbohydrates

A

foods made from plant sources, such as grain or sugar cane, whose fiber has been processed away and which have been ground into small particles

89
Q

Whole grains

A

Grains, such as wheat, rice, corn, whose outer coating is intact

90
Q

Dietary fiber

A

complet carbohydrate found in plants that can not be broken down in the digestive tract`

91
Q

functional fiber

A

natural or synthetic fiber that has been added to food

92
Q

Total fiber

A

combined amount of dietary fiber and functional fiber in a food

93
Q

protein

A

essential nutrient made up of amino acids, needed to build and maintain muscles, bones, and other body tissues

94
Q

Essential amino acids

A

amino acids that the body can not produce on its own

95
Q

complete proteins

A

proteins composed of ample amounts of all the essential amino acids

96
Q

incomplete proteins

A

proteins that contain small amounts of essential amino acids or some, but not all, of the essential amino acids

97
Q

Fats

A

aka lipids,

fats are an essential nutrient composed of fatty acids and used for energy and other body functions

98
Q

Saturated fats

A

lipids that are the predominant fat in animal products and other fats that remain solid at room temperature

99
Q

mono saturated fats

A

lipids that are liquid at room temperature and semisolid or solid when refrigerated

100
Q

polyunsaturated fats

A

lipids that are liquid at room temp and in fridge

101
Q

cholesterol

A

a waxy substance produced by the liver and obtained from animal food sources, essential to the functioning of the body but a possible factor in cardiovascular disease if too much is circulating in blood stream

102
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

lipids that have been chemically modified through the process of hydrogenation so that they remain solid at room temperature

103
Q

hydrogenation

A

process whereby liquid vegetable oils are turned into more solid fats

104
Q

omega 3 fatty acids

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain the essential nutrient alpha-linoenic acid and that have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health

105
Q

omega 6 fatty acids

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain linoliec acid and that have beneficial health effects

106
Q

Minerals

A

naturally occurring inorganic micronutrients, such as magnesium, calcium and iron, that contribute to proper functioning of the body

107
Q

Vitamins

A

naturally occurring organic micronutrients that aid chemical reactions in the body and help maintain healthy body systems

108
Q

phytochemical

A

substances that are naturally produced by plants to protect themselves and that provide health benefits in the human body

109
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules that are produced when oxygen is metabolized and that damage cell structures and DNA

110
Q

Antioxidants

A

substances in foods that neutralize the effects of free radicals

111
Q

Kilocalorie

A

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree centigrade; commonly shortened to calorie

112
Q

nutrient density

A

the proportion of nutrients to total calories in a food

113
Q

% Daily Value

A

the % that a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet

114
Q

Food desert

A

low-income are where more than 500 people, or 33% of the population has low access to a supermarket or large grocery story

115
Q

Food intoxication

A

a kind of food poisoning in which a food is contaminated by natural toxins or by microbes that produce toxins

116
Q

food infection

A

a kind of food poisoning in which a food is contaminated by disease causing microorganisms, or pathogens

117
Q

genetically modified (GM) organisms

A

organisms whose genetic makeup has been changed to produced desirable traits

118
Q

Physical Fitness

A

Ability of the body to respond to the phyisical demands places upon it

119
Q

Skill related fitness

A

Ability yo perform specific skills associated with various sports and leisure activities

120
Q

health-related fitness

A

ability to perform daily living activities with vigor

121
Q

physical activity

A

activity that requires any types of movement

122
Q

exercise

A

structured, planned physical activity, often carried out to improve fitness

123
Q

Cardiorespiratory fitness

A

ability of the heart and lungs to efficiently deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s muscles and cells via the bloodstream

124
Q

Target Heart Rate (THR) zone

A

Range of exercise intensity that allows you to stress you cardiorespiratory system for optimal benefit without overloading the system

125
Q

Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)

A

Difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate

126
Q

Muscular strength

A

Capacity of a muscle to exert force against resistance

127
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

capacity of a muscles to exert force repeatedly over a period of time

128
Q

Muscular Power

A

Amount of work performed by muscles in a given period of time

129
Q

Core-strength training

A

Strength training that conditions the body torso from the neck to the lower back

130
Q

Flexibility

A

Ability of joints to move through their full range of motion

131
Q

Body composition

A

Relative amounts of body fat and lean body mass

132
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low body temperature, a life-threatening condition

133
Q

Overweight

A

body weight that exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health

134
Q

Obesity

A

Body weight that greatly exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health, as indicated by a body mass index of 30 or more

135
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

Measure of body weight in relation to height

136
Q

Weight Cycling

A

Repeated cycles of weight loss and weight gain as a result of dieting; sometimes called yo-yo dieting

137
Q

Energy balance

A

Relationship between caloric intake and caloric output

138
Q

Thermic Effect of food

A

Estimate of the energy required to process the food you eat

139
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

Rate at which your body uses energy for basic life functions, such as breathing, circulation, and temperature regulation

140
Q

Body image

A

Mental representation that a person has of his or her own body, including perceptions, attitudes, thoughts, emotions, and actions

141
Q

Calorie Restriction

A

A reduction in calorie intake below daily needs

142
Q

Purging

A

Using self-induces vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics to get rid of excess calories that have been consumed

143
Q

Muscle Dysmorphia

A

Disorder in which a person perceives his body to be underdeveloped no matter how highly developed his muscles really are

144
Q

Disordered eating behaviors

A

Abnormal eating patterns that may not fit the diagnostic rules for anorexia or bulimia but affect quality of life

145
Q

Eating disorders

A

conditions characterized by severely disturbed eating behaviors and distorted body image; eating disorders jeopardize physical and psychological health

146
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder marked by distortion of body image and refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight

147
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

eating disorder marked by distortion of body image and repeated episodes of binge eating, followed by purging in the form of self-induced vomiting, misuse of diuretics or laxatives, excessive exercising, or fasting

148
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

Eating disorder marked by binge-eating behavior without the vomiting or purging of bulimia

149
Q

Body Dysmorphic disorder

A

Preoccupation with an imagined exaggerated defect in appearance

150
Q

Female athlete triad

A

Interrelated conditions of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

Diversity / Inclusion Healthy Living (2 decks)

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