Final

Question 1

Burnout is a multi-dimensional stress syndrome

Answer 1

1) Emotional exhaustion
2) Depersonalization (Cynicism, Mental Distancing)
3) Reduced personal accomplishment

Question 2

Burnout is a psychological condition that is

Answer 2

Rooted in a specific historial and socio-cultural context

Question 3

Work engagement

Answer 3

1) Vigor
2) Dedication
3) Absorption

Question 4

It is important to consider simultaneously both negative (burnout) and positive (work engagement) states at work

Answer 4

The effect of one measure cannot be reduced to that of the other one

Question 5

Experiences at work

Answer 5

Are particularly important for the individual’s overall level of well-being and mental health in the long-term

Question 6

Depersonalization

Answer 6

Characterizes a distant and callous attitude toward one’s job. The individual is demotivated and withdraws from his/her work.

Question 7

Diversity

Answer 7

Distribution of differences among the members of a unit with respect to a common attribute

Question 8

Diversity consists of

Answer 8

1) Separation
2) Variety
3) Disparity

Question 9

Separation outcomes

Answer 9

Reduced cohesiveness, more interpersonal conflict, distrust, decreased task performance

Question 10

Variety outcomes

Answer 10

Greater creativity, innovation, higher decision quality, more task conflict, increased unit flexibility

Question 11

Disparity outcomes

Answer 11

More within-unit competition, resentful deviance, reduced member input, withdrawal.

Question 12

The unit is an informational processing instrument for the organization

Answer 12

The unit senses, evaluates, and responds in ways that are designed to be adaptive to the environment

Question 13

Separation reflects

Answer 13

Stand point or position

Question 14

Variety reflects

Answer 14

Information

Question 15

Disparity reflects

Answer 15

Possession

Question 16

Upper echelons theory (UET)

Answer 16

Directors differ in their cognitive frames, and these cognitive frames, in turn, influence firm outcomes

Question 17

Diverse groups outperform homogeneous groups

Answer 17

Due to their tendency to engage in deep discussions of disparate knowledge and information, and to integrate this knowledge and information

Question 18

Goal accomplishment

Answer 18

This perception is important in determining how well a team will make use of feedback-related catalysts for collective cognition

Question 19

Negative feedback from leaders, even if accurate, can produce

Answer 19

Dissatisfaction and frustration in this situation

Question 20

Constructive conflict

Answer 20

Prompts examination activities (negotiating, interpreting, and evaluating knowledge) and enables consensus (agreement within the team) which results in better integration of knowledge into action (accommodation activities)

Question 21

Decision-making roles (Autonomy)

Answer 21

When roles are clearly defined, each member understands where expertise, responsibility, and accountability lie within the team.

Question 22

If the team is not aware of its responsibilities (believing it has less autonomy)

Answer 22

This may result in inaction on the part of the team, which should pose a greater hindrance to team performance

Question 23

Leader-team perceptual distance

Answer 23

Differences between a leader and a team in perceptions of he same social stimulus

Question 24

Individual differences

Answer 24

Variations in experience, personality, and cognitive complexity

Question 25

The perceptual process influences

Answer 25

1) Interests 2) Values 3) Mental scripts

Question 26

Phases of collective cognition

Answer 26

1) Accumulation 2) Interaction 3) Examination 4) Accomodation

Question 27

Accumulation

Answer 27

Acquire

Question 28

Interaction

Answer 28

Structuring

Question 29

Examination

Answer 29

Negotiate

Question 30

Accomodation

Answer 30

Decide

Question 31

Catalysts

Answer 31

Feedback received about performance, recognition of conflict among members, and clarification of decision-making roles

Question 32

A leader can assist a team in making use of catalysts

Answer 32

But if the leader and the team do not have common perceptions of relevant phenomena, they are unlikely to take advantage of them

Question 33

Content issues

Answer 33

Include such substantive concerns as incompatible goals and priorities, differences about appropriate means to achieve ends, and the sharing of scarce resources

Question 34

Emotional issues

Answer 34

Involve feelings such as anger, frustration, or hurt that often arise from normative expectations and judgments about the other person’s behavior

Question 35

Key variables: 1) Importance 2) Urgency of the impacts

Answer 35

In terms of: 1) Abilities to solve conflicts 2) Motivation to resolve it and implement the appropriate solutions

Question 36

Sources of conflicts

Answer 36

1) Information 2) Goals 3) Values

Question 37

Types of conflict

Answer 37

1) Task-based conflict 2) Relationship conflict 3) Process conflict

Question 38

Direct use of power side effects

Answer 38

1) Negative feelings toward the leader 2) People temporarily hide their true opinions 3) Disrupting group cohesion

Question 39

Benefits of indirect power

Answer 39

1) The group tends to make better decisions and in general to have a higher quality interaction 2) Direct power displays by leaders tent to create a negative interpersonal atmosphere in the group

Question 40

Strategies for indirect power

Answer 40

1) Structuring the group 2) Directing an inclusive group process 3) Managing external boundaries

Question 41

The challenge for leaders is

Answer 41

To facilitate beneficial task conflict while minimizing harm to the interpersonal relationships between group members

Question 42

Individual strategies

Answer 42

Represents methods or plans that people choose to achieve a goal or solve a problem

Question 43

Coping

Answer 43

Changing cognitive and behavioral efforts developed for managing the specific external and/or internal demands judged as exceeding or surpassing the individual’s own resources

Question 44

Recovery strategies

Answer 44

1) Psychological Detachment 2) Relaxation 3) Social activities

Question 45

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)

Answer 45

Selecting the goals to pursue Optimizing and using goal-relevant means Using compensatory means