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SAS FINAL > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

How long does Chlorohexidin last?

A

8-12hrs

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2
Q

Which procedure would be best indicated to perform shortening of the oral commissure after?

A

total hemi-mandibulectomy- incision is so far back and now you don’t have that side of the mandible there for
support

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3
Q

Which graft requires a bed of granulation tissue before placement?

A

punch graft

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4
Q

What is the main indication for ‘Tubing the flap’?

A

It is a second option instead of bridging incision

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5
Q

Older dog, crown of tooth fractured off and pulp is exposed, what should you do?

A

Complete root canal and seal over

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6
Q

A dog comes in the next day and owner said tooth was loose. Based on the image, what occurred?

A

tooth luxation

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7
Q

Which of the following surgery would be indicated for the above procedure? (tooth luxation)

A

extract the tooth- not viable more than 30mins

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8
Q

Dog with prosthetic hip and coming in for GI obstruction surgery, and you give him Abx 30 mins prior to the procedure,
what kind of Abx administration is this?

A

prophylactic abx

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9
Q

Wet to dry bandage is indicated for which situation?

A

Infected traumatic wound with Debris – wet-to dry (adherent bandage) is used for microdebridement.

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10
Q

Based on this pic, which would stimulate granulation tissue the fastest?

A

VAC

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11
Q

Image of salivary mucocele sx and had 2 arrows, what are these arrows pointing to?

A

Digastricus muscle and lingual nerve

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12
Q

Which of the following surgical procedures is indicated for this (picture) labial flap?

A

Single advancement pedicle flap

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13
Q

What is an axial pattern flap?

A

Transpositional flap

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14
Q

What is the diagnostic tool of choice for foreign body causing obstruction?

A

US

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15
Q

Dog gets a traumatic wound and you decide to wait a day to close it?

A

delayed primary closure- bc there is no granulation tissue formation before you suture

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16
Q

Which option is most likely to reduce number of bacteria in a wound with moderate pressure?

A

20-60cc and 18G needle

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17
Q

Which NOT an advantage of active drains over passive drains?

a. Decreased risk of infection
b. Decreased risk of maceration around drain opening
c. Ability to quantify drainage
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less

A

d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less

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18
Q

Which allows you to decrease dead space while advancing skin?

A

Walking sutures

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19
Q

What is the elevator within, as a landmark for extraction? (Image of an elevator in the tooth furcation)

A

Furcation – in extraction of multi-rooted teeth, we section the tooth at the furcation of roots (bw them)

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20
Q

In male dogs, you sometimes stop the incision cranial to the prepuce for a celiotomy. T/F

A

false- No, you pull the prepuce laterally and make incision slightly paramedian but don’t stop cranial to it

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21
Q

Lesion in the mid-rectum, not in the abdominal cavity OR anal canal. Which of the following approach would you use?

A

dorsal approach

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22
Q

Dog with hemoabdomen. The owner wants to know what is the % chance it’s a BENIGN tumor?

A

25%

75%- chance of malignant tumor

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT an indication for Nephrouretectomy?

a. Hematuria secondary to blunt trauma to the abdomen
b. Avulsion of the renal pedicle
c. Unilateral renal adenocarcinoma
d. Unilateral uncontrollable pyelonephritis
e. Idiopathic renal hematuria

A

a. Hematuria secondary to blunt trauma to the abdomen

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24
Q

If you perform a bilroth 2 and … , what do you have to do?

a. Cholecystectomy
b. Cholecystoduodenostomy

c. cholecystojejunostomy

A

c. cholecystojejunostomy- bc the duodenum was removed

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25
Q

Which CS of pyometra with remain the longest after OVH procedure?

A

anemia

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26
Q

What do you NOT use for cervical vertebral stabilization?

A

segmental stabilization- this is only for thoracolumbar

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27
Q

Pic of a physeal fx and asked what it was?
a. Salter harris type 2
For the above case, if this was an 11 month old lab, how would you repair it?

A

a. Cross pins – bc if > 10 months you can use cross pins (if < 10mo use IM pin)

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28
Q

What is the best bone graft?

A

cancellous autograph

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29
Q

Which causes the most blood supply compromise?

a. Locking plate in neutralization
b. Lag screw
c. Skewer pin

A

a. Locking plate in neutralization

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30
Q

Would we use a tension band on a long oblique fx?

A

NO- avulsion fx

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31
Q

Should we use a dynamic compression plate on the ilium?

A

no

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32
Q

T/F: use a screwer pin for a long oblique femoral fx

A

FALSE- never use screwer pins on femur

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33
Q

Which is most common w/ HBC?

A

anatomic degloving w/ crush injury

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34
Q

Dog had a penetrating wound & now when it urinates it dribbles urine out of a hole in it’s skin?

A

Fistula – bc it says urine we know its fistula bc bladder is epithelial tissue

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35
Q

Which true about gunshot wounds?

a. Caliber most important
b. All should be explored to determine damage
c. Velocity most important

A

c. Velocity most important

± Velocity = most important factor – higher velocity Æ greater diameter (area)
of trauma

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36
Q

Oronasal fistula caused by many things. In the cat when accompanied by pulmonary edema the
etiology is most likely?

A

electrical cord burns

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37
Q

Which option is most likely to reduce number of bacteria in wound w/o significant damage to
the tissues?

a. 20cc syringe and needle
b. Free flow
c. Machine

A

a. 20cc syringe and needle

With wound lavage you want moderate pressure using a syringe & 18-20G needle. Key is VOLUME of lavage fluid & moderate pressure (7-8psi is adequate)

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38
Q

Which type of debridement is NOT used for distal limbs?

a. Layered
b. En bloc
c. Autolytic

A

b. en bloc

En bloc – Similar to tumor excision, used on wounds w/ Extensive amount ofsurrounding tissue aka NOT the distal limbs

Layered – most commonly used method – begins at the surface & moves to depth of the wound (progresses in layers)

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39
Q

Which NOT an advantage of active drains over passive drains?

a. Decreased risk of infection
b. Decreased risk of maceration around drain opening
c. Ability to quantify drainage
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less

A

d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less

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40
Q

skin flap: Transposition Axial or subdermal?

A

Transposition = Local flap: rectangular… Ex: Z-plasty, forelimb/flank fold flaps

Axial = Direct cutaneous vessels -> Better perfusion than pedicle flaps w/ just subdermal plexus. No length limitations like pedicle flaps, which must be < 3:1

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41
Q

Which 2 teeth are the carnassial?

A

upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar

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42
Q

What tool is used to extract teeth w/o sx removal?

A

elevator

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43
Q

Which is indication for ER celiotomy?

A

uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage

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44
Q

Celiotomy is a 3 layer closure…which layer is not always closed?

a. External rectus fascia
b. SQ
c. Skin
d. All 3 need to be closed always

A

b. SQ

Don’t need to close SQ in the caudal abdomen of cats (they get inflam. from
sutures there), very young/thin dogs (bc hard to find).

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45
Q

Which of the following would you use to close jejunum?

a. Double layer inverting
b. Appositional w/ inverting on top
c. Single layer inverting
d. Single layer simple continuous/interrupted

A

d. Single layer simple continuous/interrupted

Only use appositional on the SI bc don’t want an inverting pattern to compromise the lumen more. (3-4mm bites/apart). Can also use staples (also appositional).

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46
Q

6 mo V+ after eats, fine w/ water. Started at weaning?

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis
-Brachycephalic dogs (Boxers, Boston terriers); Cats: Siamese
**Starts at weaning – bc switch to solid foods.

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47
Q

Treatment for congenital pyloric stenosis?

A

Heineke Mikilicz best for congenital

Fredet-ramstedt only for congenital

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48
Q

Highly infiltrative Adenocarcinoma, what Sx?

A

Bilroth II
Adenocarcinoma = Aggressive Gastrectomy > 5cm margins.
o If non-resectable obstruction: Do Bilroth 1 or 2 as palliative bypass sx:
o Bilroth 1 = Pyloroectomy + Gastro-Duodenostomy (Prefer)
Remove all of dzed tissue. Double Appositional closure.
Disad: Difficult. “Dumping syndrome” – duodenum into stomach
o Bilroth 2 = Partial Gastrectomy + Gastro-Enterostomy

Do this if extensive gastric resection -> making gastro-
duodenostomy (Bilroth 1) impossible.

Lose Common BD (maybe pancreatic duct too) – Need to reroute
Complications: Alkaline gastritis, Blind loop syn., marginal ulcer

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49
Q

Adenocarcinoma = Malignant neoplasia found in Pyloric Antrum, Lesser curvature. Prognosis?

A

guarded to poor

50
Q

GDV dog distended, stabilize it w/ fluids then what?

A

decompress with orogastric tube

51
Q

Which is NOT a sign seen with GDV that increases the likelihood for mortality?

a. Hypertension
b. Partial gastrectomy, splenectomy
c. Pre-op VPCs

A

a. Hypertension

52
Q

Complication of manual reduction of intussusception?

A

tear the serosa

53
Q

What can we use to create a strong seal?

A

serosal patch-Induces a permanent adhesion much STRONGER than omentum.

54
Q

IF Diffuse injury in pancreas where do you biopsy?

A

right limb

Distal aspect of the right limb – easiest to access (Also less blood vessels there)
o Close surgical biopsies w/ suture fx (aka Guillotine technique)

55
Q

PCV of serum 45 and of peritoneal fluid 65 what is the likely percentage it’s HSA?

A

75%

50% benign, 50% malignant (of malignant- 50% are HSA)

if they have hemoabdomen- 75% are HSA

56
Q

Where do you start suturing in a SI anastomoses?

A

Mesenteric border
x 1st suture at the mesenteric border, then the 2nd at the anti-mesenteric border
o You want to start with the area that can cause the most problems (aka
leakage from the mesenteric border)

57
Q

Did exploratory to find a mango pit. Area where the pit is, is pink & glistening. What do you do?

A

Incise aboral to the pit
x With NON-linear FBs: Do a complete abdominal exploratory.
o Healthy tissue – Enterotomy aboral (distal) to the FB
Don’t make your incision over the FB bc there is compromised
tissue (pressure necrosis) – go ABORAL for healthy area

o Nonviable – Resect & anastomose

58
Q

T/F: stomach healing duration is shorter

A

true

59
Q

A single layer of appositional pattern should be used to close a routine gastrotomy. T/F

A

FALSE- we want DOUBLE layer closure (double inverting, double apositional then inverting)

60
Q

A 2 yr old lab seen for V+ of 2 day duration of previous FB ingestion. Which diagnostic should be
performed first to possible give you a diagnosis?

A

abdominal rads

61
Q

What should be performed initially on a dog that presents w/ GDV?

A

IV catheter and fluid therapy

62
Q

Which not T regarding hematoma?

a. Acute are fluctuant, fluid filled
b. Chronic are fibrous and clots should be removed
c. Decreased hearing in affected ear
d. Should flatten and remove sutures in 12-14 days

A

c. Decreased hearing in affected ear

63
Q

Which technique is used solely to facilitate Tx of otitis externa?

A

lateral ear canal resection

64
Q

Before you remove Gall Bladder must do this first?

A

Check patency of common bile duct
± CHOLECYSTECTOMY – Must confirm patency of CBD!

65
Q

If you lose major duodenal papilla what do you have to do?

A 
Cholecystoduodenostomy
Biliary Diversion (Cholecystoduodenostomy): Indicated if irreparable OB or trauma to CBD
Trauma to BD -\> Bile Peritonitis: Abdominocentesis: + if fluid \> 2x serum bilirubin
66
Q

Shunt fraction < 15% and BA 75. Which is most likely?

A

Microvascular dysplasia

Protein C activity: Made in the liver so helps differentiate bw micro & macro***
Micro: > 70% bc there’s still BF to the liver. (Macro: < 70% bc ↓BF)

67
Q

Treatment for microvascular dysplasia?

A

Medical management- low protein diet

68
Q

T/F. OVH is only good in immature animals, if they had a litter, must do OHE.

A

FALSE

69
Q

Causes of perivulvar dermatitis

A

Juvenile vulva + obesity

70
Q

Which procedure would you do for an ulcerated 4cm mass of the 4th mammary gland that’s fixed on 1 side?

A

Regional mastectomy b/c fixed so must remove regional glands as well

71
Q

Dog with mammary gland mass. Should we do a OVH/OHE?

A

YES bc it eliminates risk of uterine dz

72
Q

What is an advantage of overhand knot for feline castration?

A

less likely to slip

73
Q

Is pyelolithotomy contraindicated in renal dz?

A

NO Calculus MUST be within the Renal Pelvis & Small
Doesn’t affect RBF or GFR & doesn’t destroy nephrons

74
Q

urethrotomy is most commonly performed in

A

males

75
Q

Which statement about urethrostomy is FALSE?

a. Most frequently performed on male animals
b. Preferred location for urethrostomy in the dog is scrotal
c. The incision is closed in a single layer
d. The incision should be allowed to heal by 2nd intention bc healing will be quicker than if the incision is closed primarily

A

d. The incision should be allowed to heal by 2nd intention bc healing will be quicker than if the incision is closed primarily

76
Q

15 month old Pomeranian, classify the fracture: Distal simple transverse Fx of the radius and ulna

Best treatment? Other tx choice?

A

Type II ESF

Type Ia ESF

77
Q

10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. What type of open Fx is it?

A

Type 2

78
Q

10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. Fx assessment score

A

0-3 bc he is 10yr old and its an open comminuted fx

79
Q

10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. How would you fix it?

A

Normograde IM pin & DCP plate
Tibia is always NORMOGRADE (never retrograde bc it can cause DJD at the articular surface of the joint), DCP is the best & can be used for compression, neutralization, or bridging.

80
Q

What muscle attaches to the glenoid and causes dislodging of the fragment when fx?

A

Biceps brachii

81
Q

35kg dog w/ Salter Harris Type I Fx of the head of the femur how do you repair?

A

Diverging pin

82
Q

What type of external fixator is the picture below?

A

type 1a

83
Q

GSD and Cocker w/ otitis externa. Treatment?

A

GSD have hyperplasia but can Tx w/ lateral ear canal resection cocker must have TECA

84
Q

Dx C shaped spleen scenario?

A

splenic torsion

85
Q

Which of the following is the most common site for lip avulsion?

A

Mucocutaneous junction

86
Q

What is the most common gland affected w/salivary mucocele?

A

Sublingual

87
Q

Rad w/ 10kg dog 15 mo. Transverse Fx of radius and ulna after jumping off couch or something. How would you repair it?

A

External coaptation

88
Q

Which is NOT a method of cervical vertebral stabilization?

a. Cross pinning
b. Plating ventral bodies
c. Place screws in articular facets
d. Segmental spinal stabilization

A

d. Segmental spinal stabilization

89
Q

T/F. Plate mandible on compression side.

A

true

90
Q

Which condition would you do a lateral transposition of the biceps tendon?

A

Lateral luxation of the shoulder

91
Q

Which procedure do you do to elicit pain?

A

Palpation of biceps tendon

92
Q

Which of these is NOT part of elbow dysplasia?

A

Congenital luxation

(Elbow dysplasia = FCP, UAP)

93
Q

Which is true differentiating congenital vs. traumatic elbow lux?

A

Congenital = NO pain

94
Q

Which is TRUE regarding pathogenesis of hip dysplasia?

A

Rapid skeletal growth and delayed muscle growth

95
Q

What is the most important factor in managing hip dysplasia?

A

Weight reduction

96
Q

Tx for Legg Perthes?

A

FHO

97
Q

Owner presents patient who had a Hx of intermittent lameness & now acutely lame on rear limb what’s wrong?

A

Patient had a partial CCL tear that is now complete

98
Q

What would the patient have shown when initial injury?

A

Cranial drawer on flexion

99
Q

Where is the most common site for meniscal injury due to CCL?

A

Medial caudal meniscus

100
Q

75lb dobie w/ traumatic elbow luxation. How do you stabilize?

A

Spica splint

101
Q

Gave scenario of a dog w/ R patella manually luxated and spontaneously returns w/ extension. L patella cannot be manually
reduced. What grades?

A

Grade 2 R / Grade 4 L

102
Q

Picture of a Bulldog with chronic otitis externa.

A

TECA + lateral bullae osteotomy – bc the picture was also very hyperplastic (think Cockers &
Bulldogs). If it was GSD, they just get otitis externa, thus: Lateral ear canal resection.

103
Q

Blunt force trauma to the thorax, what are the most common sequela?

A

Pulmonary contusions & pneumothorax

104
Q

MC treatment for gallbladder mucocele

A

Cholecystectomy

105
Q

MCT, you excise 3cm around, what type of excision is this?

A

wide

106
Q

Which of the following tumors would you use marginal excision for?

A

Leiomyoma – only option that was a benign tumor

107
Q

LBD with …. Foot in normal position. What is the most likely shoulder disorder of this dog?

A

Bicipital tenosynovititis

108
Q

9yo golden retriever, presents walking on 3 legs, what is the most common dx?

A

Traumatic elbow luxation – only one that causes non-weight bearing lameness

109
Q

What does hyperextension test for?

A

pain response

110
Q

What are 2 common surgical procedures for a dog with hip dysplasia AND coxofemoral luxation?

A

THR & FHO

111
Q

Rad of Comminuted irreducible femoral fracture, what fixation would you use? Another fixation device?

A

interlocking nail

DCP with bridging

112
Q

Patella easily luxated and spontaneously reduces on extension, what is the grade?

A

Grade 2 medial patellar luxation

113
Q

Puppy with a + ortolani sign, what is the most likely dx?

best way to get a dx?

A

Acute OCD causing joint laxity?

penn hip

114
Q

T/F: 9 year old GSD with DJD, TPO would be a good tmt choice.

A

False - bc he’s too old and TPO has a poor prognosis if DJD is present

115
Q

Positive cranial drawer on FLEXION only, most likely dx?

A

Partial cruciate tear

116
Q

Primary bone tumor of the cat?

A

OSA

117
Q

Most important thing to remember for oral cavity sx, to prevent dehiscence?

A

close with no tension

118
Q

Intestinal sx but no slip of contents

A

clean contaminated

119
Q

What is the general rule of thumb for anesthetic procedure time and risk of infection?

A

risk of infection doubles every hour

120
Q

Hyperextension injury of the carpus, what is the most common signalment?

A

older LBD

121
Q

Lateral condylar fx of the distal humerus fixation?

A

Lag screw & anti-rotational k wire

122
Q

Picture of a Penrose drain and asked what kind of drain?

A

passive

SAS FINAL (4 decks)

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