Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANTH 203 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Unequal access to the culturally valued resourced of wealth, power and prestige.

A

social inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are people distinguished from each other? (3)

A

wealth, power, prestige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the material objects that have value in a society

A

wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the ability to achieve ones goals by influencing the behaviours of others

A

power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social honour or respect within a society

A

prestige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do inequalities exist?(6)

A

gender, race/ethnicity, age, class, religion, kinship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 levels of social inequality

A

egalitarian society, rank society, stratified society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a society that recognizes few differences in status, wealth, or power

A

egalitarian society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of egalitarian society

A

foragers with few possessions, no land ownership, little specialization
- division of labour based on gender and age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does egalitarian societies lack?

A

a clear organizational structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

those with special skills are not held superior, leaders have influence but no authority, norms emphasize sharing and ideals of interpersonal equality: are all examples of what society?

A

egalitarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a society in which people have unequal access to prestige and status but not unequal access to wealth and power

A

Ranked Society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small-scale foraging societies, such as Ju/’hoansi of Namibia are what society?

A

egalitarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

common I horticulture societies where surplus gives rise to resources and privileges :what society?

A

Ranked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

People divide into hierarchically ordered groups (clans) that differs in terms of prestige and status (not significantly in terms of access to resources (wealth)or power: what society?

A

ranked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

possible to identify persons with the label of chiefs or “big men” whose inherited position has prestige; what society?

A

ranked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can individuals achieve power and prestige in the ranked societies?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a society with a large population that is divided into several levels based on the degree of social inequality

A

stratified society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

marked inequalities in access to wealth, power, and prestige; what society?

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

found almost exclusively within complex societies with centralized political systems, large populations; what society?

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

control of wealth and power in the hands of a few; what society?

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

status and rewards are inheritable and social mobility is limited; what society?

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the layers within a stratified society called?

A

strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

relatively permanent levels in society seperating people according to their access to wealth, power and prestige

A

strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

stratification systems vary in what 5 points?

A
  1. the # of ranked groups
  2. the degree to which there is agreement regarding their hierarchical placement
  3. the size of the strata
  4. the ability of individuals to move within the strata
  5. supporting ideology (eg. class or caste)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the ability of people to change their social position within the society

A

social mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the status an individual acquires during the course of her or his lifetime

A

achieved status (class)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the status a person has by virtue of birth

A

ascribed status (caste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

plato proposed what 2 classes?

A

rich and poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Aristotle proposed what 3 classes?

A

upper lass, servile lower class and a worthy middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

those who own the land and machinery (capital)

A

bourgeoisie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

those who sell their labour for wages (working class)

A

proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the proletariat became aware of the exploitation and rose up in revolution

A

class consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what does class conflicts do

A

advance society to become classless and egalitarian: utopia= all would be proletarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are Webers 3 dimensions of stratification?

A
  1. stratification is not solely economic
  2. suggested that class results from interplay of three other significant factors: property (class), prestige (status) and power (party)
  3. weber defined class as a group of people with similar “life changes”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the Classes in Canada? (7)

A

Upper-upper class, lower- upper class, upper-middle, middle-middle, lower-middle, working-class, lower class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

1% “old money” established families

A

upper-upper class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

2-4% nouveau riche, .com millionaires

A

lower-upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

40-50% of population

A

middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

upper managerial or professional fields ($100k+)

A

upper-middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

$50-100K

A

middle middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

middle management, white-collar and highly skilled blue-collar (

A

lower-middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

1/3 population, no accumulated wealth, less personal satisfaction jobs, fewer opportunities, less social mobility

A

working class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

20% of population

A

lower class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

social assistance and working poor, poverty cycle, seasonal, part-time workers, minimum wage earners

A

lower class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

how are social classes manifested? (9)

A
  1. verbal eveluation
  2. patterns of associations
  3. language
  4. symbolic indicators
  5. wealth
  6. dress
  7. forms of recreation
  8. residential location
  9. material possessions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

an example of patterns of association

A

unlikely a janitor is to associate with a CEO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

an example of class distinction in Greece?

A

greeks used footwear as a symbol of wealth and status, slave snot allowed to wear shoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what did king Henry VIII, introduced to regulate and distinguish ranks of societies?

A

regulated to people to dress in detailed colour, style and fabric to signal their rank in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

1984: pierre Bourdieu “cultural capital” the cultural assets of class are (5)

A
  1. speech etiquette
  2. dress
  3. body language
  4. information
  5. taste (wine, cigars)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

lower Class focuse don what

A

concrete necessities of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

high class focused on

A

art, literate and intellectual leisure actives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

social reproduction

A

classes tend to reproduce themselves culturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

unlike many countries, Canada can enable a high degree of ___________- up and down

A

economic mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

the condition in a given society which people lack income required to access the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, shelter, to achieve a minimum level of physical well-being

A

absolute poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

the condition in a given society which people lack the minimum income required to obtain the society’s normal standard of living

A

relative poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

the threshold of income below which the basic necessities of life cannot be met, or which is deemed adequate in a given country

A

poverty line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

a situation in which an individual or family lack permanent, stable housing

A

homelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what are some factor that lead to homelessness?

A
  • those who spend 50% or more of their monthly income rent

- first nations, LGBTQ+ members, minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

cultural items that conveys a persons status

A

status symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what was en example of a status symbolic the 16th and 17th cent.?

A

sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

a stratification system where cultural or racial differences are used as the basis for ascribing status

A

caste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

castes are ranked by ______ and _______ customs

A

purity and pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

the original Sanskrit for the caste system was ______ which means _________

A

varna, colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

4 varnas ranked from importance, prestige, and purity

A
  1. Brahmin
  2. Kshatriya
  3. Vaishya
  4. Sudra
  5. Untouchable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

(priests) scholars, philosophers - rewarded with honour

A

brahmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

(warriors) rulers administrators and organizers- rewarded with power

A

Kshatriya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

(the people) merchants, farmers, traders, artisans, engineers - rewarded with wealth

A

vaishya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

(servants) unskilled labourers, factory workers, manual labourers- rewarded with freedom from responsibility

A

sundra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

in india, musicians are?

A

harijans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Why are Dalits called untouchables?

A

they are forbidden to physically contact anyone who belongs to one of the 4 Varnas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

practices such as segregation and denial of access to community resources, which separate Dalits from other caste groups

A

untouchability practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what is the reason Hindus believe untouchables are born into this class?

A

bad karma he/she earned in a previous life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

examples of Dalit jobs:

A

street cleaners, letter workers,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

the practice of marrying someone from a higher social strata

A

hypergamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

why did India outlaw caste in 1950?

A

seen as an obstacle to progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what has weekend the specific association between caste and occupation?

A

the large number of caste-free occupations: government, business, factories, schools. colleges, services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what is the European parallel to Dalit’s?

A

Roma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

observable physical characteristics

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

a rule, and in many U.S. states a law, that if a person had one ancestor who as black, typically one great-great-great-great grandparent, then they are considered black too

A

one-drop rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

the assignment of a child from a mixed race, ethnic group, or other social group to the inferior or lower status group

A

hypodescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

the linguistic and cultural characteristics and heritage that a person identifies with

A

ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

a group of people who share many of the same cultural features and heritage

A

ethnic groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

a society consisting of people from different ethnic, religious, and racial backgrounds

A

multicultural societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

a type of discrimination whereby people are treated differently based on the race they are deemed to belong to

A

racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

where ether institution and systems of society are structured such that the subordinate group is disadvantaged or discriminated against

A

structural racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

in 1700 what were the 4 classified human sub-groups

A

europeans, asians, indians, africans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what did sue Morton discover when measuring skulls and what didi it fuel

A

found that africans had the smallest brain capacity, while europeans had the highest. fulled a eugenics movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

the practice of treating individuals differently simply based on the group (eg. gender, age, sex, gender groups) they belong to

A

discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

treating members of the dominant group differently in an effort to remedy previous discrimination against members of a subordinate group

A

reverse discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

the systematic and forced removal of an ethnic or religious group from a given geographic area in order to make it religiously and/or ethnically homogenous

A

ethnic cleansing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

the systematic murder of an entire group of people

A

genocide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

what was the intent of residential schools?

A

remove “the Indian” from the cold, and replace it with the values and ideologies of the monist European- Canadian christian society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

the activities associated with the governance of a county or area, especially the debate between parties having power

A

politics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

what is political control critical for?

A

the growth, harmony and perpetuation of a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

examples of large societies formal mechanisms for control

A

judges, armies, bureaucracies, elections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

the ways in which power is distributed within a society to control peoples behaviour and maintain social order

A

political organizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

the ability to improve or excerice one’s will on another, causing them to act or otherwise behave in ways that they usual would not

A

power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

the socially-approved use of power

A

authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

the ability to affect the behaviour of others without coercion, and without holding an explicit leadership status or office

A

influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

ways of speaking which are commonly practised and specifically situated in a social environment

A

discourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

conduct research with a practical outcome in mind, often based in assisting with a social problem or history in mind

A

applied field anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

research designed to solve a particular social problem rather than test an anthropological theory

A

problem-oriented research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

what is the most practiced type of research

A

problem oriented research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

what is a risk of anthropology

A

spending its of time with individuals and developing relationships which make it difficult to ignore social problems participants face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

the way anthropologists look at and undertones people and cultures

A

anthropological perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

what are 7 reasons anthropology is useful?

A

holistic, relative, naturalistic, comparative, global, bio-cultural, reflexivity

108
Q

seeks te larger picture and tries to understand how connections among people are made and sustained

A

holistic

109
Q

seeing general patterns that are observable from one society to another

A

comparative

110
Q

the application of anthropological concepts and methods to help businesses and other organizations solve problems

A

business anthropology

111
Q

focused on international development and aid strategies

A

development anthropology

112
Q

concerned with the relationships between humans and their environment, goal is to assist with solving human-environment problems and promote sustainable communities

A

environmental anthropology

113
Q

the application of anthropological connects and methods to the study of educational institutes and processes

A

educational anthropology

114
Q

anthropologists are well-positioned to advocate for those with access to ______, _____, and ____

A

power, prestige and representation

115
Q

a system of believes and practices usually involving supernatural beings and forces that functions provide meaning, peach of mind, and a sense of control over unexplainable phenomena

A

religion

116
Q

what are the 3 problems with “supernatural”

A
  1. ethnocentrism
  2. dichotomy
  3. identifying the supernatural
117
Q

what we consider as supernatural others may not

A

Ethnocentrism

118
Q

not all societies make a supernatural/natural distinction

A

Dichotomy

119
Q

many societies don’t have a separate word for religion whats an example?

A

Kikuyu elders sacrifices a goat, and calls upon he ancestors to help bring rain

120
Q

what are some major features of religion? (7)

A

beliefs in supernatural, moral code, group membership/, body of myth/legend, rituals, magic and witchcraft, means of explanation

121
Q

what is EB Taylors definition of religion?

A

belief in spiritual beings = animism

122
Q

what does anima mean

A

breath or soul

123
Q

the idea that the world and everything in it is filled with souls or spirits

A

animism

124
Q

a type of religious belief in which impersonal spiritual forces exist in the world and affect human behaviour

A

animatism

125
Q

a means for dealing with crises, death and illness, gives meaning to life and afterlife, participation in religious ceremonies provides reassurance and even closeness - what kind of approach?

A

psychological approach

126
Q

provides societal needs, sustains the moral and social order, provides notions of acceptable behaviour, group norms : what approach?

A

Sociological approach

127
Q

sees religion as a set of symbols and stresses the meaning of those symbols as referents and creators of meaningful life: what approach?

A

interpretative approach

128
Q

the manipulation of nature using supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims

A

magic

129
Q

performing a magical ritual on something that has been in contact with someone to influence that person

A

contagious magic

130
Q

performing a magical ritual on the likeliness of someone or event to influence the real person or event

A

imitative magic

131
Q

whats an example of imitate magic?

A

voodoo doll

132
Q

the practice of foreseeing future events or acquiring hidden knowledge through super natural means

A

divination

133
Q

ex of divination

A

palm reading, fortune cookie ,magic ball

134
Q

the inherent power to harm other persons by supernatural means

A

witchcraft

135
Q

the performance of certain magical rites for the purpose of harming other people

A

sorcery

136
Q

what the different of witchcraft and sorcery?

A

sorcery involves using material substances and incantations to cause harm to people, witchcraft is the inherent power of people to cause misfortune or death by supernatural means

137
Q

what are the 4 types (cults) of religious organization?

A

individualistic, shamaistic, communal, ecclesiastical

138
Q

the least complex type of religious organizations which each person is his or her own religious specialist

A

individualistic cults

139
Q

religious organization in which part-time religious specialists called shamans intervene with the deities on behalf of their clients

A

Shamanistic Cults

140
Q

what are shamans thought to have access to?

A

the supernatural world

141
Q

religious organization in which groups of ordinary people conduct religious ceremonies for the well-being of the total community

A

communal cults

142
Q

what are 2 categories of communal cults?

A

rites of passage and rites of solidarity

143
Q

highly complex religious organization in which full-time clergy are employed and example

A

ecclesiastical cults ex. catholic baptismal ceremony

144
Q

a ritual that celebrates the transition of a person from one social status to another

A

rites of passage

145
Q

examples of rites of passage

A

marriage, funerals, baptism

146
Q

what are the 4 phases of rites of passage?

A
  1. seperation
  2. Purification rites
  3. Transition
  4. Incorporation
147
Q
  1. Purificational rites
A

rituals symbolize cutting or separating ex. removal of hair

148
Q
  1. Transition- liminal
A

person symbolically placed “outside” society, normal rules of society suspended

149
Q
  1. Incorporation- postliminal
A

symbolically reborn, completes transition to a new status

150
Q

a ritual that celebrates the transition of a person from one social status to another

A

rite of passage

151
Q

a stereotyped sequence of civets involving gestures, words, or objects, performed in a sequestered place and designed to influence preternatural (magical) entities or forces on behalf of the actors goals or interest

A

ritual

152
Q

what is a ritual for Hindu pilgrims?

A

cleansing their souls by bathing in the holy Ganges

153
Q

what are the 8 characteristics of rituals

A
  1. by definition religious- involve magic
  2. Highly structured patterns of behaviour
  3. Belief in action
  4. out of the ordinary actions
  5. performed in a sequestered place
  6. provide a sense of solidarity
  7. serve function for the people concerned
  8. Symbolic
154
Q

3 types of rituals

A

Calendrical rites, rites of transition or passage, critical or life crisis rites

155
Q

Concerned with the natural world, seasonal

A

calendrical rites

156
Q

concerned with social world, changes in. the individual’s status, role or position

A

rites of transition or passage

157
Q

curing and magic, concerned with the individual

A

critical or life-crisis rites

158
Q

what are 4 tasks of a priest, shaman or oracle?

A
  1. healing 2. leading rituals 3. communication with spirits 4. performing magic
159
Q

a religious movement designed to bring about a new way of life within a society

A

revitalization movement

160
Q

what are 2 ex. of a revitalization movement?

A

ghost dance and cargo cults

161
Q

what was the Ghost dance

A

political movement, aimed at elimination of the us government, practiced among plains first nations

162
Q

a Melanesian revitalization movement characterized by rituals intended to bring material goods, that is, cargo

A

Cargo cult

163
Q

what was the rational behind cargo cults?

A

during the world WWII tribes thought the planes flying over head bringing food and items to soldiers were sent from gods, and they just had to build an “airport” to intrigue the plane to land so they would get the food on the plane

164
Q

the blending of religions

A

syncretism

165
Q

what religions are experiencing geographic shifts do to globalization?

A

Christianity

166
Q

a trend toward merging traditional religious principles with the workings of government

A

religious nationalism

167
Q

what % of people in Canada are NOT religious, and what is the major religion in

A

25% and Catholicism

168
Q

a religious movement characterized by a return and strict adherence to the fundamental principles of the religion, and often involving a liberal interpretation of religious texts, as well intolerance of other faiths

A

religious fundamentalism

169
Q

a trend toward merging traditional religious principles with the workings of government

A

religious nationalism

170
Q

why is art a great interest to anthropologists?

A

tells much about a society’s capacity for creativity, storytelling, empathy, vision

171
Q

the process and the product of applying certain skills to transform matter, sound, or motion into a form that is deemed aesthetically meaningful to people in a society

A

art

172
Q

Andersons def of art

A

meaning is not required, no sense of aesthetics, context is required only in sense of skilfulness

173
Q

an example of intentional art

A

if building a boat to ride, it is insufficient if it sinks. but if intended for a work of art, doesn’t matter if it floats

174
Q

objects whose primary intention wasn’t to be a work of art but which are considered to be art objects ex

A

totem pols, bowls, buffalo masks

175
Q

what are 5 attributes of art objects?

A
  1. skill in manufacture
  2. emotional features
  3. aesthetic features
    4 semantic or interpretative features
  4. interrelation
176
Q

rare, expensive, made for the market, uniqueness valued, not utilitarian (art for arts sake) are examples of what type of art?

A

fine art

177
Q

what was early art produced for?

A

religious or functional purpose

178
Q

what was early art imbued with?

A

in harmony with nature, emotion, allied with basic drives:sex and fertility

179
Q

what work is a category of art which is often categorized, to distance non-western peoples (anonymous)

A

primitive

180
Q

3 perspectives on art

A
  1. functional
  2. iconographic (meaning)
  3. Aesthetic
181
Q

form vs function of art example

A

a mask: function to obscure a persons face. but also serves to create a new identify or transform in the form of spirit possession

182
Q

ex of representatiional or iconic systems

A

totem pole: looks like a raven to some to some it represents a social group

183
Q

what were tatoos used for

A

to show social position, rank, sex, occupation, local or ethnic identity or religion within a society

184
Q

5 functions of art

A
  1. psychological
  2. Political
  3. Religious
  4. Social
  5. Educational
185
Q

what was art also used for

A

propoganda

186
Q

the study of the relationship between music and other aspects of culture

A

ethnomusicology

187
Q

what ar ether 4 major interests of ethnomusicology?

A
  1. what sorts of ideas does a culture have about music
  2. how I music socially structured
  3. what are the characteristics of the music itself
  4. what are the material cultures of said music
188
Q

how can Austrian art be interpreted?

A

their symbols have meanings associated with places, social groups and ancestral tracks that can be read by anyone of they know the key

189
Q

____________ art involves not only how something looks and is appreciated, but also how it is understood

A

aesthetic

190
Q

Yolngu art the shimmering is interpreted as what? and they also reinforce it with what

A

as the power of the ancestral beings shining out from the painting .
Reinforced with songs

191
Q

the process of foraging international, political, economic, religious, and socio-culture interconnections and interdependancies

A

globalization

192
Q

things that cross international boarders?

A

money, cars, people, calling/emails, culture, food, ideas

193
Q

what was the first item that factored economic globalization?

A

Obsidian: a black volcanic glass used for tools and weapons

194
Q

a series of trade routes connections China, Asia Minor and the mediterranean

A

silk road

195
Q

theory to increase export to strengthen national wealth

A

mercantilism

196
Q

no alternative way of life to be imagined; social reproduction of a “cage”

A

iron cage

197
Q

an example of an iron cage job

A

factory worker

198
Q

European colonies where local economic resources were expropriated, and the indigenous peoples used as cheap sources of labour

A

colonies of exploitation

199
Q

European colonies where large numbers of settlers displaced indigenous groups to become the majority population, thus marginalizing the indigenous peoples

A

settlement colonies

200
Q

what are 2 theories why the world is unequal?

A

modernization theory and world systems theory

201
Q

differences in economic development may be explained by inherent socio-cultural differences between the rich and poor

A

modernization theory

202
Q

what is the modernization theory used for

A

as a model for planning strategy in developing nations

203
Q

nations of the world are connected in a systematic political and economic network of exchange whereby the wealthy nations exploit the poorer ones

A

world systems theory

204
Q

what are the 3 areas of world systems theory?

A

core, periphery, semi-periphery

205
Q

wealthy, technologically advanced, developed countries such as ? (4)

A

Core: US, UK CAN, GER

206
Q

poor, Developing nations that provide raw materials, and cheap unskilled labour such as?

A

Periphery:sub-saharan Africa

207
Q

industrializing nations that link the other two, that export the god

A

Semi-periphery: China, Indonesia, Mexico

208
Q

critiques of modernization theory?

A

theorists see the loss of culture is a small price to pay for the benefits of modernizing

209
Q

critiques of world systems theory?

A

assumes that the 3 spheres are eternally at balance with each other

210
Q

the dismantling of Colonia emires by the withdrawal of colonial powers from their colonies, and the acquisition of self-determination and government in the newly independent states

A

decolonozation

211
Q

why decolonize?

A

colonies to costly to maintain

212
Q

the idea that developed countries and post-colonial powers maintain political and economic dependency and exploitation of former colonies and less developed countried

A

neocolonialism

213
Q

3 primary agents responsible for neocolonialism?

A
  • developed countries & former colonialists
  • international financial organizations
  • multinational corporations
214
Q

taking, adopting and using the elements of one culture by members of another

A

cultural appropriation

215
Q

what has helped the global trade grow?

A

improved technology, marketing/mass media, cheap travel, flexible immigration policies

216
Q

poverty, child labour, wages fall under what type of issues

A

global issues

217
Q

pros of globalization (3)

A

higher degrees of freedom, improved gender relationships, increased lifespan, job opportunities

218
Q

cons of globalization

A

environment damage, religious tensions (wars/terrorism), loosing jobs from abroad workers, results in sweatshop workers

219
Q

a person who move from one nation to another

A

migrant

220
Q

fleeing a home country, and seeking refuge due to war, violence, or threat to life- can include political, social, religious, gender, and ethnicity components

A

refugee

221
Q

the dispersion of a group of people from their original homeland

A

diaspora

222
Q

a public policy philosophy that recognizes the legitimacy and equity of all cultures represented in a society

A

multiculturalism

223
Q

according to weber, what are 3 principal ways in which rule could be rendered legitimate, or rightful, I noted eyes of the governed

A
  1. traditional authority
  2. rational-legal authority
  3. charasmatic authority
224
Q

rule is accepted by followers because it is believed to be the correct moral order
-members selected for office on the basis of loyalty, not job ability

A

traditional authority

225
Q

authority established thru rational legal means with 2 key features 1. the system of rule created by laws that have popular support 2. leaders are selected and advanced on the basis of their ability to get the job done

A

rational-legal

226
Q

some leaders manage to obtain authority over a set of followers by opposing tradition and while operating outside the prevailing system of rule

A

charismatic authority

227
Q

how is order maintained within.a society?

A

ideological (internal). behavioural (external), sanctions

228
Q

culturally instilled values (guilt, shame, obligations), expectation of supernatural harm or reward

A

internal (ideological)

229
Q

informal (gossip, praise), formal (laws, rules), conflict mediators (oracles, oaths), negotiations,

A

behavioural (external )

230
Q

to refer to an arbiter to settle a dispute between 2 parties after hearing the argument of both

A

arbitration

231
Q

to make an official decision about who is right in a dispute

A

adjudication

232
Q

positive and negative ______ encourage or discourage behaviours

A

sanctions

233
Q

the use, or threatened use of physical force to gain compliance and an example

A

coercion ex torture

234
Q

how do people Come into compliance

A

coercion, remuneration (bribes), persuasion

235
Q

rarely more than 30-40 people, kin based, flexible extended family unit, no formal political organization

A

bands

236
Q

in bands: who makes decisions? how is social order inforced? how are conflicts dealt?

A

informal leaders/ adults
ridicule and ostracism
negotiation? mediation

237
Q

multiple autonomous small communities that share common identity, usually pastoralists or horticulture, severe hundred/thousand people

A

tribes

238
Q

in tribes: who makes decisions? how is social order inforced? how are conflicts dealt?

A

consensus among descent groups
ridicule and ostracism
negotiation/mediation

239
Q

in a tribe, wha does the “big man” do

A

similar to a village head, but influenced over more than one village

240
Q

social groupings that form outside of the usual categories of family or kinship

A

sodalities

241
Q

sodalities may be based around ____ and _____

A

age and gender

242
Q

agriculture, multiple communities share common identity, thousands of people,organization based on hierarchical lineage system

A

chiefdoms

243
Q

in chiefdoms: who makes decisions? how is social order inforced? how are conflicts dealt?

A

chiefs
social sanction, use of force
negotiation

244
Q

as leaders, they own, manage and control basic factors of the economy

A

chiefs

245
Q

chiefs have special access to what 4 things

A

crops, labour, cash, goods

246
Q

multiple cities that share tax and admin infrastructure system, tens of thousands of billions of people, centralized political organization possessing coercive power

A

states

247
Q

in states: who makes decisions? how is social order inforced? how are conflicts dealt?

A

rulers on behalf of populous
official enforcement
negotiation/ centralized arbitration

248
Q

a socio-cultural entity as well as a political community that has legitimacy over a defined territory

A

nation-state

249
Q

type of states (3)

A

totalitarian, autocratic, democratic

250
Q

one in which the state has non limit to its power/authority, strives to regulate all aspects of public and private life

A

totalitarian

251
Q

governed by a leader with absolute and complete power. leadership lasts long periods, change brought on by violent means

A

autocratic

252
Q

predicated on responding to the will of the people - supreme power is vested in the populace

A

democracy

253
Q

power rests with the citizens, who periodically elect members of there society to some form of assembly to represent them in decision making

A

representative democracy

254
Q

a form of nation-state in which the power rests with a single individual or family within which power is inherited ex

A

monarchy ex queen

255
Q

on individual holds absolute power to make laws (brutally repressive)

A

dictatorship

256
Q

a nation-state in which ultimate power rests with a city or god

A

theocracy

257
Q

why is the internet considered a double edged sword

A

it can do good and bad to people

258
Q

mechanisms of social control for enforcing a society’s norms through rewards

A

positive sanction

259
Q

punishments for violating the norms of a society

A

negative sanction

260
Q

mechanisms found in all societies that function to encourage people to maintain social norms

A

social control

261
Q

wha the general public thinks about an issue, which, when brought to bear on an individual, can influence his or her behaviour

A

public opinion

262
Q

doing what is right in the context of a legal system

A

justice

263
Q

codified ruled enforced through the legitimate use of physical coercion

A

law

264
Q

a system of. justice that focuses on revenge and punishment of the wrongdoer

A

retributive justice

265
Q

a system of justice that focuses on resolving conflict, healing, and restoring harmonious relationships.

A

restorative justice

266
Q

institutionalized armed conflict between nation-states and other politically distinct groups

A

warfare

267
Q

4 basic factors that contribute to warfare

A
  1. social problems
  2. perceived threats
  3. political motivations
  4. moral objectives

ANTH 203 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions