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Sociology 101 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is deviance?

A

Violation of social norms

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2
Q

Is deviance socially constructed?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Define Relativity of deviance.

A

Whether behaviors considered deviant depending on the circumstance and which the behavior occurs.

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4
Q

According to Emile Durkheim, what are the three main functions of deviance?

A
  1. ) Clarifies social norms and conformity.
  2. ) Straightens bonds among people.
  3. ) Can create social change.
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5
Q

Labeling someone deviant increases what?

A

They will do more deviance.

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6
Q

According to the Differential Association Theory, who we do learn from to conform or deviate?

A

We learn from those we spend time with.

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7
Q

Explain the Strain Theory. What are the adaptations to strain?

A

Innovations.

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8
Q

Based on the Social Control Theory, why do individuals conform to norms?

A

They have desires to fit into the group.

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9
Q

Sociologists consider that the socialization _______ and interpersonal _______ influence individuals to conform to or deviate from societal expectations.

A

Process, relationships

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10
Q

According to the Rational CHoice theory, whether to be deviant depends on the calculation of what?

A

Pleasure to pain ratio.

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11
Q

According to Sociologists, are some acts inherently deviant?

A

No

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12
Q

According to the Labeling theory, what do labels affect?

A

Self Concept

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13
Q

What are two reasons why Emile Durkheim stressed that society without deviance is impossible?

A

That the collective consciousness is not strong enough to prevent all rule breaking.

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14
Q

Define Recidivism.

A

Returning to prison after serving time.

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15
Q

What is racial classification based on?

A

Physical characteristics.

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16
Q

Does the term dominant group refer to a numerical majority?

A

No

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17
Q

Why is prejudice difficult to change?

A

Its rooted in traditions, culture belief, and stereotypes.

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18
Q

Prejudice is an understandable response of humans to their what?

A

Social environment

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19
Q

Define discrimination

A

Actions taken against members of a minority group.

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20
Q

Can someone be prejudiced, but not discriminate?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What does the Conflict Theory explains about privileged people and the perpetuation of prejudice and discrimination?

A

Privileged people perpetuate prejudice and discrimination against minority group members to keep privileged resources.

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22
Q

Is racial classification universal?

A

No

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23
Q

The Social Learning Theory explains that prejudice is the result of what?

A

Socialization; parents, peers, news, various aspects of their culture.

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24
Q

David Chappelle’s video was used as an example of what?

A

We are not born being prejudice.

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25
Q

Can people learn to be prejudice against their own racial group?

A

Yes

26
Q

According to the Split Labor Market Theory, competition for lesser jobs benefits who?

A

Employers.

27
Q

What are the 5 common reactions to dealing with minority group status?

A 
Acceptance
Aggression
Avoidance
Simulation
Change or oriented action
28
Q

What is a Self-Fulfilling prophesy?

A

Adoption of stereotypical behaviors.

29
Q

Which theory states that acts of prejudice and discrimination are motivated by anger and frustration individuals feel when they cannot achieve their work or goals?

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory

30
Q

What is population transfer?

A

Removal of a minority group from a region or country.

31
Q

Define gender.

A

Socially constructed notions of masculinity and feminity.

32
Q

What we find attractive can be culturally defined or not?

A

Yes

33
Q

What channels men and women into different education paths?

A

Socialization

34
Q

What does violence against women perpetuate?

A

Gender stratification

35
Q

Is there a for sure answer if gender different in behavior with biology and/or culture?

A

No

36
Q

What is the glass ceiling?

A

The most invisible barrier that prevents many women from reaching high levels of corporate responsibility.

37
Q

Why are gender roles created by humans?

A

To meet the needs of their societies.

38
Q

Define Gender Socialization

A

Process in which people learn their culture norms, attitudes, and behaviors that is appropriate to the gender.

39
Q

What is the Child Penalty?

A

While women miss out on work to care for their children.

40
Q

Define sexism

A

Women are inferior to men.

41
Q

Define gender roles

A

Writtenly or commonly assigned tasks or respected behaviors due to their gender.

42
Q

What is de jure discrimination?

A

When discriminations are done deliberately because of culture changes.

43
Q

Can sexuality be socially constructed?

A

Yes

44
Q

What do toys reinforce?

A

Gender stereotypes

45
Q

According to the conflict theory, what is male dominance justified by?

A

Traditional ideologies

46
Q

According to Feminist theorists, what needs to be raised so that women understand the system that limits their options?

A

Group consciousness

47
Q

Explain the Resource Theory.

A

The spouse with greater resources has the greater power.

48
Q

According to the Functionalists perspective, what are the six basic needs in society that the family fulfills?

A

Satisfaction

49
Q

Define homogamy.

A

The tendency of people with similar characteristics to marry one another.

50
Q

Is love socially channeled?

A

Yes

51
Q

Explain the different types of marriage forms, monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry.

A

Polyandry - Jennifer has 3 husbands - who does the laundry?

52
Q

Who usually pulls the second shift?

A

Women

53
Q

Define cohabitation?

A

when living together with the sexual relationship without being married.

54
Q

According to several sociology theories, what are the 3 stages of dating?

A
  1. ) Stimulus
  2. ) Value Comparison
  3. ) Roles and needs
55
Q

Which is the most common form of child abuse?

A

Neglect

56
Q

What governs the choice of a mate in any society?

A

Cultural rules

57
Q

In what type of families is violence most common.

A

Poor families

58
Q

According to the Symbolic Interactionist perspective, what do we follow and pass on through interactions?

A

Gender-segregated roles

59
Q

Where men are the heads of families and women are dependent, women may be treated less than equal both within the family and in the labor market. This is explain by which theory?

A

Feminist Theory

60
Q

According to the Conflict Theory, what can lead to change and make the family as a unit stronger?

A

Power Strugglers.

Sociology 101 (2 decks)

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