Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 110 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

three term contingency

A

instrumental response (R) occurs in the presence of distinctive stimuli (S) and results in the delivery of the outcome
S: environmental stimuli signaling (R-O)
R: behavior producing the outcome
O: outcome, either appetitive or aversive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

S-R association

A

the discriminative stimulus can become directly associated with the response
key to instrumental learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S-O association

A

discriminative stimulus can be associated with the outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

R-O association

A

response becomes associated with the outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

law of effect

A

responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hull’s theory

A

reduction of drives is primary force behind motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two-process theory

A

assumes CC mediates instrumental behavior through conditioning of positive or negative emotions depending on emotional valence or reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

premack/differential probability principle

A

person will perform a less desirable activity to get to a more desirable activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stimulus control

A

situations in which a behavior is triggered by the presence or absence of some stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

differential responding to two stimuli indicates that pigeons were treating each stimulus differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stimulus generalization

A

similar response to two or more stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stimulus generalization gradient

A

graph showing how the strength of response changes with similarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sensory capacity

A

sets a limit on what stimuli can control behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sensory orientation

A

variable that determines whether a particular stimulus feature controls responding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

overshadowing

A

stimuli that get more attention and work as better cues can overshadow other cues in the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

configural-cue approach

A

configural info about the entire compound enters into an association with the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulus elements

A

treating simultaneous presentation of light and tone as conducting of separate visual and auditory cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

configural cues

A

assumes organisms treat a compound stimulus as an integral whole and not divided into parts/elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stimulus discrimination training

A

bringing behavior under stimulus control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stimulus discrimination procedure

A

establishes control by stimuli that signal when reinforcement is/is not available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

discriminative stimuli

A

once S+ and S- have gained control over behavior, S+ is discriminative stimulus for performing instrumental response and S- is discriminative stimulus for not performing the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

peak-shift effect

A

shift of the peak of the generalization gradient away from the original S+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

intradimensional discrimination training

A

a training procedure in which S+ and S- differ only in terms of value of one stimulus feature

24
Q

discrete stimulus

A

a stimulus that is presented for a brief period and has a clear beginning and end

25
Q

contextual cues

A

background stimuli which can be a combo of visual, auditory, olfactory, or other cues of the room or place

26
Q

conditioned place-preference technique

A

determines whether the drug has reinforcing effects

27
Q

modulator

A

nature of binary relation determined by a third event

28
Q

extinction

A

omitting the US or reinforcer

response acquired via learning

29
Q

frustration

A

emotional reaction induced by withdrawal of the expected reinforcer

30
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

rest period introduced after extinction training and responding comes back
nothing specific is done during the rest period to produce recovery

31
Q

renewal

A

recovery of conditioned responding when contextual cues present during extinction are changed

32
Q

renewal effect

A

recovery of responding with a change in the original context

33
Q

reinstatement

A

recovery of conditioned behavior that occurs when an individual encounters the US afain

34
Q

resurgence

A

reappearance of an extinguished target response when another reinforced response is extinguished

35
Q

memory consolidation

A

establishing learning experience in long-term memory requires time

36
Q

reconsolidation window

A

once activated, memory in a modifiable state can be changed before memory is reconsolidated and returned to long-term storage

37
Q

reminder cues

A

cues present during extinction can be effective even when the CS is tested in a different context

38
Q

overtraining extinction effect

A

more training provided with continuous reinforcement, which leads to a stronger frustration during extinction

39
Q

magnitude reinforcement extinction effect

A

responding declines more rapidly in extinction following reinforcement with larger reinforcer

40
Q

partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)

A

schedule of reinforcement in effect before extinction procedure determines magnitude of behavioral/emotional effects of extinction

41
Q

discrimination hypothesis

A

introduction of extinction is easier to detect after continuous reinforcement than after partial reinforcement

42
Q

frustration theory

A

persistence in extinction results from learning something counterintuitive, namely continue responding when you expect to be non reinforced or frustrated

43
Q

sequential theory

A

assumes individuals can remember whether reinforced or performing instrumental response in the recent past

44
Q

avoidance learning

A

learning to perform the appropriate behaviors in the appropriate circumstances to prevent aversive outcomes

45
Q

active avoidance

A

performing a certain behavior prevents an aversive outcome that would otherwise occur

46
Q

passive avoidance/punishment

A

performing a behavior that results in an aversive outcome

47
Q

avoidance trial

A

if a participant makes a target response before shock is delivered, the CS is turned off and the US is omitted on the trial

48
Q

escape trial

A

if a participant fails to make the required response during a CS-US interval, a scheduled shock is delivered and remains on until the response occurs, whereupon both CS and US are terminated

49
Q

two-way shuttle avoidance

A

animals moves in both directions on successive trials

50
Q

one-way shuttle avoidance

A

animal is placed on the same side of the apparatus at the start of each trial and always moves to the other side

51
Q

two process theory of avoidance

A

fear in an acquired drive and reductions in fear are, therefore, reinforcing

52
Q

escape from fear (EFF) procedure

A

independent measurement of fear instrumental avoidance responding

53
Q

safety signals

A

response-produced cues that signal the absence of shock

54
Q

positive/type I punishment

A

presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behavior, resulting in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior

55
Q

negative/type II punishment

A

termination of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior

56
Q

avoidance

A

individual must make specific response to prevent aversive stimulus from occurring

57
Q

stimulus-element approach

A

control over behavior by distinct and separate elements of a stimulus compound

Psych 110 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions