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Organic Chem > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the reactants in an anti dihydroxylation

A

MCPBA and acid

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2
Q

what happens in syn dihydroxylation

A

two OH groups are added in a syn confirmation on an alkene

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3
Q

what is the most stable alkene

A

a tetrasubstituted alkene

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4
Q

what happens in a hydration reaction

A

an H and OH are added to an alkene in a

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5
Q

what makes a good leaving group

A

a weak base or stable ion

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6
Q

what happens in an E2 reaction

A

a tertiary alkyl halide has its X replaced with an H to form an alkene

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7
Q

when you enantiomers be formed in any addition reaction

A

when the reactant is chiral

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8
Q

what effects the reaction rate of an SN2

A

a more branched alkyl group will slow down the reaction

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9
Q

what happens in hydrogenation

A

two H groups are added in a syn confirmation to an alkene

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10
Q

what happens in an SN1 reaction

A

a 2’ or 3’ alkane with a leaving group is substituted with a neutral protic solvent

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11
Q

if there are two leaving groups on two separate carbons in an SN2 reaction, which one will get the nucleophile

A

the most basic leaving group or the least hindered carbon

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12
Q

what is a lewis base? acid?

A

a lewis base is an electron donor

a lewis acid is an electron acceptor

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13
Q

zaitzevs rule

A

in a E2 reaction, unhindered bases (OH) form the most stable (most C-C bonded) alkene

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14
Q

what reactions will produce a racemic mixture

A

all addition reactions

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15
Q

how to determine R or S chirality

A
  • go long the chains until you find the chain with the first point of difference with the highest atomic number
  • rank the chains
  • if the 4 ranked group isn’t in the back, then the order is reversed
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16
Q

when is a lewis acid not a bronsted acid

A

when there is a stable atom with three bonds or a positive carbon

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17
Q

when will a carbocation rearrangement occur

A

when there is the carbocation has fewer C-C bonds than its neighbor, the neighbor will donate a methyl or hydride to stabilize the charge on a more substituted atom

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18
Q

what happens to the configuration of atoms in an SN2 reaction

A

the new groups will be inverted from the original configuration

19
Q

how is the most acidic hydrogen determined (4)

A
  • look for the most electronegative atom
  • look for resonance
  • look for induction
  • sp is more acidic than sp2 is more than sp3
20
Q

what is needed for an E2 reaction

A
  • an alkyl halide or alkane with a leaving group

- a strong or a non-nucleophilic base

21
Q

what are the reagents in a hydrogenation

A

Pd, Pt, Ni, or Rh

always with H2

22
Q

what is the reagents in hydrohalogenation

A

HCl, HI, or HBr

23
Q

hoffmans rule

A

in an E2 reaction, the more hindered bases (KOtBu) form the least stable (least C-C bonded) alkene

24
Q

markovnikovs rule

A

the carbon with the most hydrogen gets the carbon

25
Q

what is more stable, a trans or cis alkene

A

trans

26
Q

what are 4 examples of non-nucleophilic bases

A

diisopropylamine
triethylamine
litium diisopropylamide
tertbutoxide

27
Q

what is an electrophile

A

an atom that is positively charged or has empty orbitals to take electrons from a nucleophile

28
Q

what is a neutral protic solvent

A

a solvent with an OH or an NH

29
Q

what is the reaction rate of an SN1 reaction dependent on

A

the concentration of the alkane only

30
Q

what is a nucleophile

A

an atom with a pi bond or a nonbonding pair to donate to an electrophile

31
Q

what is an example of when a lewis acid isn’t a bronsted acid

A

BF3 is neutral and has no protons to donate, but it will accept an electron because it has an empty p orbital

32
Q

what are the reactants for hydroboration

A

BH3 and THF first, then H2O2 and NaOH

33
Q

what happens in hydrohalogenation

A

an H and a halogen are added to an alkene in an anti confirmation

34
Q

what are there reactants in a halogenation reaction

A

diatomic halogen with an alkene

35
Q

what are the reagents in syn dihydroxylation

A

OsO4 w/ NaSO3, H20

KMnO4 w/ KOH

36
Q

what happens in oxymercuriation

A

an OH and an H are added to an alkene through an Hg intermediate in an anti fashion

37
Q

when will an SN2 reaction occur

A

in a less than teritary alkyl halide or alkane with a leaving group, plus a nucleophile and polar solvent

38
Q

what happens in an SN2 reaction

A

the leaving group is kicked out of the alkyl halde/alkane and replaced with the nucleophile

39
Q

what will form with an alkene and MCPBA without an acid

A

an epoxide

40
Q

what happens in hydroboration

A

an OH and H are added to an alkene in an anti-markovnikov fashion

41
Q

what is a bronsted base? acid?

A

a bronsted base is a proton acceptor

a bronsted acid is a proton donor

42
Q

what happens in a halogenation reaction

A

two halogens are added to a alkene in an anti fashion with a cyclic intermiediate

43
Q

what happens in anti dihydroxylation

A

two OH groups are added an an alkene in an anti confirmation with a cyclic intermediate

44
Q

what is the formula for formal charge

A

FC = (# of valence electrons in an atom) - (the number of bonds + the number of non-bonding electrons)

Organic Chem (8 decks)

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