equilibrium Flashcards
chemical equilibrium
when the forward and backward rates of a reaction at equal
what happens to the concentration of products and reactants at chemical equilibrium
they remain constant
physical equilibrium
the same chemical with physical processes in equilibrium
what is the general form to describe equilibrium
K=Prod/Reactants
if the K value is greater than one, what will the reaction favor
it will favor products
if the K value is less than one, what will the reaction favor
the reactants
Heterogenous equilbrium reactions
species are not in the same phase
Homogenous equilibrium reactions
species are in the same phase
what is the equation to convert Kc into Kp
Kp = Kc(0.0821 T)^delta n Kc = concentration equilibrium T = temp in kelvin delta n = change in the number of gas moles
What equation is used for Kc
Kc = [prod]^n/[react]^n
what equation is used for Kp
Kp = Pprod^n/Preact^n
how to find delta n
gaseous moles product - gaseous moles reactants
what is the first step in solving an equilibrium probelm
making sure the equation is balanced
how are pure solids and liquids represented in equilibrium equations
both are 1
what is the K formula if there are multiple elementary steps
A + B C + D EF/AB, CD cancels out
what must be quoted when stating a K value
temperature and the balanced equation
why must temperature be specified for a K value
increasing T increases the frequency factor, more collisions means more energy, which means a different equilibrium
what are equilibrium equations used for
- determining the extent of a reaction - determining the concentration of species
when is the Q value used
when you are given a K value and you need to compare that value to experimental data
Q>K
there is too much product and some of it will be broken down back into reactants (equilibrium shifts to reactants)
Q=K
equilibrium
Q
there are too many reactants, the amount of product will increase (equilibrium shifts to the product)
what does ICE stand for
Initial, Change, Equilibrium
when should an ICE table be used
to determine the concentration of species at equilibrium
