Final

Question 1

Ethical theories

Answer 1

duty (deontology) - right action
consequence - right thing for most involved
character - based on life and willingness
relationship - nature and obligation (preservation of relations)

Question 2

moral distress

risk factors for spiritual distress?

Answer 2

unable to act on belief or acting in a manner contrary to belief

death, illness, loss, transition, alienation

Question 3

religion

humanism

spirituality

context?

Answer 3

beliefs and practices related to transcendence. organizational/solo

secular humanism views human existence without reference to religion, transcendence, higher power, or ultimate truth

core of religion
modern day: largely self-defined

all care, life transition, trauma, end of life

Question 4

NANDA spirituality

Answer 4

ability to experience meaning in life through connectedness to self, others, the world, etc

Question 5

attributes of spirituality:
meaning-making
unfolding mystery
connectedness/experiencing relationship
practice

Answer 5

purpose
transcending self
intra-inter-trans

Question 6

watsons caring theory

authentic presence

Answer 6

watsons caring theory: loving-kindness and presence
miracles
holistic
authentic presence: enabling deep belief of another

Question 7

scope of spirituality?
spiritual care (ramezani)?
meaning making
unfolding mystery

Answer 7

humanism-devotion-religion

integrating dimension of care (ramezani)

finding purpose

experiencing transcendence

Question 8

safety?

3 attributes?

Answer 8

prevention of care errors and elimination of patient injury caused by these errors

knowledge
skills
attitude

Question 8

safety theoretical links?

Answer 8

human factors science: study of interrelationships, technology, and work environment

multitasking and ability
support of providers
complex acute care

Question 8

context (what has changed)?

Answer 8

historically: blame and discipline
now: process approach- what went wrong?

required: culture of safety

Question 9

just culture?

Answer 9

finding balance between need to learn mistakes and need for disciplinary action

value: reporting errors without discipline

Question 10

skill attribute?

safety exemplars?

Answer 10

using technology and practice to maximize safety

med administration:
7 rights
TALLman lettering
standardizing order sets

Question 11

standardized med orders?

do not include what?

Answer 11

generic name 
metric dose
frequency
route
indication
details

drug volume
# of tablets/vials
range of dosage without objectivity

Question 12

errors?

scope of errors?

Answer 12

diagnostic, treatment, preventative, communication

latent(blunt and systematic) and active(sharp and direct)

Question 13

active exemplars?

latent exemplars?

Answer 13

7 rights, bedside

TALLman, standardized orders

Question 14

adverse?
near miss?
sentinel?

Answer 14

unintended harm from act rather than disease

error of act that could have harmed patient, but it was a chance miss

unexpected death/serious injury

Question 15

how do you analyze a sentinel event?

Answer 15

root cause analysis
systems approach
identify active and latent errors
multidisciplinary approach

Question 16

error of commission?
omission?
execution?

Answer 16

incorrect data entered/malfunctioning technology

data not recorded or not detailed

correct actions in mind, but fails to execute correctly

Question 17

ethics?

encompasses what 3 things?

Answer 17

study of morality through multiple approaches

nurse, family, employee

Question 18

scope of ethics? define each.

Answer 18

societal: ethics with laws and regulations
organizational: formal and informal principles direct members of an organization
bioethics: ethics surrounding bio and technology
clinical: ethical decisions made at bedside
research ethics: concerning humans and animals
professional: expectations of a profession- high standard
personal: intersect with other ethics- conflicting

ethics are dynamic

Question 19

values are?

Answer 19

learned, reflect us
day-to-day and life decisions
dynamic

Question 20

valuing? leads to what?

Answer 20

choosing, prizing, acting
consistent

self-awareness (nonjudgmental)

Question 21

ethical principles? define.

Answer 21

situations can be viewed differently depending on which angle

respect: autonomy and veracity
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice: equal distribution
fidelity: faithful to commitments

Question 22

ethical problem v dilemma?

Answer 22

problem: child stole
dilemma: child starving- punish or dismiss?

Question 23

3 virtues for ethics? lack of leads to what?

Answer 23

courage
compassion
commitment

errors, stress, burnout

Question 24

integrity?

Answer 24

freda: most important

how we act on our own

Question 25

ethical dilemmas in health care?

Answer 25

not made by individuals alone

reporting mechanisms in place